Pengaruh Penerapan Bea Keluar Biji Kakao Terhadap Daya Saing Serta Ekspor Produk Kakao Indonesia

The development of Indonesia's cocoa beans before the export duty policy shows that almost 90 per cent of cocoa beans exports were exported from total production, therefore makes Indonesia as known as one of the biggest cocoa beans exporters in the world. Cocoa exports to destination countries cause the domestic stock of raw materials for cocoa beans Domestic stock has decreased. Afterwards, the Indonesian government implemented a cocoa bean export duty policy. This research aimed to analyze the effect of export duties policy for the competitiveness and exports of Indonesian cocoa products to export destination countries. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method is used to measure competitiveness, while Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) is used to analyze the long-term effect of export duties on cocoa beans on competitiveness and exports of cocoa products. Based on the analysis result, all cocoa products have competitiveness, Indonesian cocoa butter has the highest competitiveness in export destination countries. Export duties policy has a long-term effect on competitiveness and exports of cocoa paste and powder, but have no long-term effect on competitiveness and exports of cocoa butter. Therefore, the overall increase in competitiveness and export of cocoa products is due to the implementation of the cocoa bean export duty policy.

Higher tax to replace Russia's metal export duty

Significance Officials are trying to correct high domestic prices which they see as unjustified, and to claw back what they regard as excessive profits earned by metals companies. Impacts Export duties could exert upward pressure on global prices of steel, nickel and aluminium. Exports to the Eurasian Economic Union are exempt, so the government will need a failsafe system to prevent re-exports to third countries. The export duties will reduce the corporate income tax earned by metal-producing regions.

WAYS FOR IMPROVING OF FISCAL-ACCOUNTING REGULATION TO THE CONTEXT OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS IN UKRAINE ACCORDING TO THE WORLD TRENDS

The object of research: the procedural order of fiscal and accounting regulation of revenues from export agricultural products (export receipts, the export duty). Investigated problem: obtaining stable and repetitive connection between the accounting part, the fiscal part of the regulation and exports of agricultural goods with possibility of improvement. The main scientific results: it is revealed that the first stage of fiscal-accounting regulation of exported agricultural products is transactions’ accounting on accounts. It should be noted that, after the abolition of the mandatory sale in Ukraine, there is no need to apply the distributive account in export of agricultural products. It will help to reduce the time of enrollment the currency and its using by exporters for their needs. It is determined too, that the second stage of the regulation is the export receipts and revenues from the export duty. Moreover, using economic (mathematical) modeling, based on correlation-regression analysis, it is illustrated positive effects for reducing of export duty rates on revenues from export agricultural products in Ukraine. The area of practical use of the research results: Government of Ukraine in formation of export strategy, and exporters – in the context of accounting. Innovative technological product: the regulation technology of the cyclical accounting and fiscal parts in agricultural exports with using modeling econometric analysis for determination of direction of its development. Scope of the innovative technological product: Ukraine’s Government practice in using mathematic modeling for determination of trends of agricultural exports.

Climate and weather changes, agricultural prices and exports in the first quarter of 2021 in Russia

The article presents the climatic and weather features of the sowing campaign in the 1st quarter of 2021. Formulas for forecasting grain resource balances in the Russian Federation for any perspective are presented. Producer prices for grain, milk, and meat in Russia, the EU, and the United States in the 1st quarter of 2021 are compared. The influence of the grain export duty on prices in the Russian Federation and in the world is analyzed.

State intervention in the domestic market restructuring: an example of the Russian sunflower market

In recent years, the Russian market of sunflower oil has shown steady growth, while the key trend is the increase and deepening of exports. In 2020, the market showed an increase in exports to China and India, reaching a value of 35% of the total export volume. At the moment, Russia is considering a formula for an export duty on sunflower oil, as it struggles with food price inflation. It is assumed that the export duty on sunflower oil will be structured similarly to that used in the wheat market. The government brokered the deal to mitigate the impact of high international prices on a key domestic product, and was forced to lock in retail sunflower oil prices after domestic sunflower and sunflower oil prices began to rise following last summer’s low sunflower harvest in the Black Sea region. It is expected that the introduction of a new export duty will be able to stabilize domestic food inflation.

Innovation Management in the Supply Chains of Russian Natural Gas, Taking into Account the Regional Structure of its Production

The article describes the role of Russia in the global gas industry, on the basis of the analysis of the factual data cited, conclusions are drawn about the provision of the economy with the considered minerals, the main problems in managing the supply chains of natural gas and liquefied natural gas are formulated, and innovative ways to solve them are proposed. Based on the fuzzy modeling method, it was shown that the maximum amount of budget revenues from the export duty of Russian natural gas from the main gas-bearing regions can almost double. At the same time, the minimum volume in the same case remains virtually unchanged, remaining within 10%. The use of fuzzy modeling in innovation management in the supply chains of Russian natural gas is caused by high volatility in the global commodity markets, both for the underlying asset (in this case, natural gas) and for derivative financial instruments (derivatives). Based on the simplex optimization method, innovation management schemes have been developed in the supply chains of Russian natural gas, taking into account the regional structure of its production. The differences in the economic efficiency of the export duty for the Russian budget between the supply of pipeline natural gas and liquefied natural gas are shown. The author’s methods presented in the article can be used as additional innovative tools for making strategic and operational management decisions by industry leaders and public authorities.

Analisis pengaruh kebijakan bea keluar biji kakao, impor biji kakao, ekspor biji kakao dan harga cocoa butter terhadap ekspor cocoa butter

The export duty policy was initially intended to increase the value added of cocoa beans. On the other hand, in the past few years there has been a significant increase in imports of cocoa beans to meet the needs of domestic industrial in order to keep running optimally and can create added value. To assess how much influence the export duty policy for cocoa beans, the import of cocoa beans, the export of cocoa beans and the price of cocoa butter on the development of exports of cocoa butter, this study uses a quantitative approach using secondary data from various sources. The results of the analysis show that the development of the export of cocoa butter is significantly influenced by the amount of cocoa bean imports and the export of cocoa beans. but the price factor of cocoa butter and the amount of export duty does not significantly influence. This shows that the main problem is the performance of the cocoa processing industry which is strongly influenced by the availability of raw materials. In addition, although an increase in imports of cocoa beans can still be offset by an increase in exports of processed cocoa products that have added value. Kebijakan bea keluar pada awalnya ditujukan untuk peningkatan nilai tambah biji kakao. Di sisi lain, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir terjadi peningkatan impor biji kakao secara signifikan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan industri domestik agar tetap berjalan optimal dan dapat menciptakan nilai tambah. Untuk mengkaji seberapa besar pengaruh kebijakan bea keluar biji kakao, impor biji kakao, ekspor biji kakao dan harga cocoa butter terhadap perkembangan ekspor cocoa butter, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari berbagai sumber. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan ekspor cocoa butter secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh besaran impor biji kakao dan ekspor biji kakao. Sedangkan faktor harga cocoa butter dan besaran tarif bea keluar tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan utama adalah pada kinerja industri pengolahan kakao yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan bahan bakunya. Selain itu, walaupun terjadi peningkatan impor biji kakao masih dapat diimbangi dengan adanya peningkatan ekspor produk kakao olahannya yang memiliki nilai tambah.

FAKTOR PEMBENTUK HARGA JUAL PRODUK CPO ASAL INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze and obtain empirical evidence about the main factors forming the price of one of Indonesia's main export commodities, Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The data of this study are all data of CPO exports subject to export duty from January 2009 to June 2015. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple regression analysis using Eviews 8. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the export duty, export standard prices, and international market prices have a positive and significant effect on CPO selling prices, while the inflation rate does not significant effect on CPO selling prices. Based on standardized coefficients, it can be concluded that international market prices have the strongest influence on CPO selling prices

DINAMIKA KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN BIODIESEL BERBAHAN BAKU KELAPA SAWIT INDONESIA

Indonesia develops palm oil biodiesel driven by mandatory biodiesel which requires the use of biodiesel as a mixture of fuel oil by 30 percent. However, the development of the biodiesel can cause a trade off CPO for the production of biodiesel and palm cooking oil. The purpose of this study is to analyze the achievement of Indonesia's biodiesel production, and formulate policies for the development of the biodiesel industry with consideration of the balance of the food and non-food sectors. The data used are secondary data obtained from various related agencies such as the Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, BAPPEBTI, World Bank and other institutions related to this research which are analyzed by dynamic system models. The results of the analysis show that the development of Indonesian biodiesel has not been able to meet the level of the blending rate according to mandatory biodiesel. Efforts to increase the achievement of the blending rate level can be done by providing biodiesel subsidies. Export duty policy is also needed in an effort to maintain the stability of domestic CPO prices and the price of palm cooking oil. The export duty policy in accordance with Minister of Finance Regulation No. 136 of 2015 is more effectively implemented than Minister of Finance Regulation No. 140 of 2016. Keywords : blending rate, dynamic system, mandatory biodiesel, policy scenario

MEKANISME PENJALURAN DALAM EKSPIR DAN IMPOR

<table class="NormalTable"><tbody><tr><td width="550"><span class="fontstyle0">In the mechanism of channel activity Export and Import, If Red Channel, Green Channel, Yellow Channel and MITA is one way to prohibition of the entering at the dangerous merchandising and the minimize the numerous of smuggle. Make to a service system in custom office without intervention for the user custom office is low risk which name MITA Channel (Mitra Utama). The way of treating in channel at import service is the evidence of control which did the export duty to optimize income tax at the country, prohibition and the act of the smuggle at the user custom office</span><span class="fontstyle2">.</span></td></tr></tbody></table>