Non-Motorized Transportation Analysis of Traffic Density, Pollution Using Regression Anova Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 534-542
Author(s):  
Arjun Rajeevkumar Bhele ◽  
Dr. Sujesh D. Ghodmare
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Polluted Atmosphere ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Motorized Transport

Planners are now trying to provide greener travel solutions to reduce fiscal, social, and environmental issues. This research, therefore, seeks to find significant reasons for urban transport to enhance the use of alternative transportation modes. This report seeks to establish the connection between influential metrics for urban mobility and regular travel trips from different parts of the world. Deployment of excellent non-motorized transport facilities for Walking and cycling is a good way to encourage the use of bicycles, thereby increasing the physical fitness of end-users. Past studies were thoroughly reviewed and found to be applicable for analysis and application in the real world. Anova's regression analysis is distinguished by a more comprehensive interpretation of the findings. At Rajkamal Intersection, Amravati district, Maharashtra the traffic volume counts were carried out. It is the focus of the transport congestion, which leads to a polluted atmosphere due to prolonged duration at the signals. In this research, it can be seen that with the use of Motorized transport the traffic density & air pollution will increase with time, and with the increase in the use of Non-Motorized transport, the traffic density decreases also the air pollution is at a steady pace. The current study shows the necessity, favourable conditions, and economic benefits of non-motorized sustainable traffic, in the Indian condition.

scholarly journals Prediction of the Pollutants Concentration Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mousavian ◽  
Hady Zarei Mahmodabady ◽  
Aboutaleb Ghadami Jadval Ghadam
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Tangent Function ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Air pollution is one of the most important environmental issues that annual causes to mortality large number of people around the world. So, investigating, measuring, and predicting the concentrations of different pollutants in various areas play an important role in preventing the production of this pollutant sand planning to reduce them by people and relevant authorities. One of the new models that play an important role in measuring and predicting pollution is artificial neural network or regression methods. Therefore, this study is trying to predict air pollution in Yasouj by using artificial neural network in 2014. Because the evidences showed that Yasouj due to uncontrolled growth of industrial and urban transport is subject to various air pollutants such as carbon monoxide and particulate matter. Overall, the results of the assessment and prediction of concentration of pollutants of Yasouj by artificial neural network showed that sigmoid transfer function to the hyperbolic tangent function is more efficient in measuring the concentration of pollutants.  

scholarly journals Behavioural changes in urban mobility in Barcelona due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Peters
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
The City

This study assesses changes in mobility behaviour in the City of Barcelona due the COVID‐19pandemic and its impact on air pollution and GHG emissions. Urban transport is an important sourceof global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Improving urban mobility patterns is therefore crucial formitigating climate change. This study combines quantitative survey data and official governmentdata with in‐depth interviews with public administration officials of the City. Data illustrates thatBarcelona has experienced an unprecedented reduction in mobility during the lockdown (a 90%drop) and mobility remained at comparatively low levels throughout the year 2020. Most remarkableis the decrease in the use of public transport in 2020 compared to pre‐pandemic levels, whereas roadtraffic has decreased to a lesser extent and cycling surged at times to levels up to 60% higher thanpre‐pandemic levels. These changes in mobility have led to a radical and historic reduction in airpollution, with NO2 and PM10 concentration complying with WHO guidelines in 2020. Reductions inGHG emissions for Barcelona’s transport sector are estimated at almost 250.000 t CO2eq in 2020 (7%of the City’s overall annual emissions). The study derives policy implications aimed at achieving along‐term shift towards climate‐friendlier, low‐emission transport in Barcelona, namely how torecover lost demand in public transport and seize the opportunity that the crisis brings for reform byfurther reducing road traffic and establishing a 'cycling culture' in Barcelona, as already achieved inother European cities.

scholarly journals PROJETO DE VEÍCULO CICLOMOTOR COM ASSISTÊNCIA ELÉTRICA PARA TRANSPORTE URBANO

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Amanda Vieira Gomes Scandelai ◽  
Thaís Fernanda Menezes Barracar ◽  
César Daltoé Berci
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
Conventional Paradigm ◽  
Motorized Transport

Urban mobility and sustainable development, subjects of great impact on the life quality and population’s social well-being, they are correlated to the motorized transport discussion, since the conventional paradigm for people and goods displacement are based on fossil fuels , makes use of a non-renewable source of energy and, in addition, is responsible for the emission of harmful gases, which contaminate the atmospheric air, mainly in the great urban centers with great population density, potentializing the damages caused by them. In this context, it is intended to develop, with the project proposed here, an alternative based on a renewable energy, applied to an agile and efficient means of transport for urban displacement, the reason why it was decided to build an electric bicycle, which, associated to a low cost when compared to others transport alternatives for the same application, represents a viable and economically accessible alternative for urban transport.

scholarly journals The Economic Effects of Electromobility in Sustainable Urban Public Transport

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliwia Pietrzak ◽  
Krystian Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

This paper focuses on effects of implementing zero-emission buses in public transport fleets in urban areas in the context of electromobility assumptions. It fills the literature gap in the area of research on the impact of the energy mix of a given country on the issues raised in this article. The main purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse economic effects of implementing zero-emission buses in public transport in cities. The research area was the city of Szczecin, Poland. The research study was completed using the following research methods: literature review, document analysis (legal acts and internal documents), case study, ratio analysis, and comparative analysis of selected variants (investment variant and base variant). The conducted research study has shown that economic benefits resulting from implementing zero-emission buses in an urban transport fleet are limited by the current energy mix structure of the given country. An unfavourable energy mix may lead to increased emissions of SO2 and CO2 resulting from operation of this kind of vehicle. Therefore, achieving full effects in the field of electromobility in the given country depends on taking concurrent actions in order to diversify the power generation sources, and in particular on increasing the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES).

scholarly journals The Relation Between Residential Self-Selection and Urban Mobility in Middle Eastern Cities: the Case of Alexandria, Egypt

Urban Forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houshmand Masoumi ◽  
Mohamed R. Ibrahim ◽  
Atif Bilal Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Location Choices ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

AbstractThe present paper attempts to fill a part of the gap in the studies on residential location choices and their relations to urban mobility, socio-economics, and the built environment by presenting the results of a study on Alexandria, Egypt, by analysing the results of a survey in eight neighbourhoods undertaken in 2015. Four questions were answered in this study: (i) “How are the main drivers behind residential location choices in Alexandria connected to various socio-demographic groups or people with different availability to urban and built environments?”, (ii) “How are the main residential self-selections in Alexandria associated with one another and which are the most important?”, (iii) “How are the housing location-related decisions of Egyptians similar to or different from international decisions?”, and (iv) “How can planners and decision-makers use the knowledge produced by this study for urban planning and housing in Egypt?”. Library work and the results of a Χ2 test of independence show that availability of transportation modes, nice neighbourhoods, and affordability are the strongest motives behind decisions. However, socio-economic factors are generally stronger than urban mobility and spatial issues. These findings are partly different from those of high-income countries.

scholarly journals Air Pollution, Neonatal Immune Responses, and Potential Joint Effects of Maternal Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5062
Author(s):  
Jill Hahn ◽  
Diane R. Gold ◽  
Brent A. Coull ◽  
Marie C. McCormick ◽  
Patricia W. Finn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

Prenatal maternal exposure to air pollution may cause adverse health effects in offspring, potentially through altered immune responses. Maternal psychosocial distress can also alter immune function and may increase gestational vulnerability to air pollution exposure. We investigated whether prenatal exposure to air pollution is associated with altered immune responses in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and potential modification by maternal depression in 463 women recruited in early pregnancy (1999–2001) into the Project Viva longitudinal cohort. We estimated black carbon (BC), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), residential proximity to major roadways, and near-residence traffic density, averaged over pregnancy. Women reported depressive symptoms in mid-pregnancy (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and depression history by questionnaire. Immune responses were assayed by concentrations of three cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α), in unstimulated or stimulated (phytohemagglutinin (PHA), cockroach extract (Bla g 2), house dust mite extract (Der f 1)) CBMCs. Using multivariable linear or Tobit regression analyses, we found that CBMCs production of IL-6, TNF-a, and IL-10 were all lower in mothers exposed to higher levels of PM2.5 during pregnancy. A suggestive but not statistically significant pattern of lower cord blood cytokine concentrations from ever (versus never) depressed women exposed to PM2.5, BC, or traffic was also observed and warrants further study.

scholarly journals Bus Rapid Transit System Introduction in Johor Bahru: A Simulation-Based Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4437
Author(s):  
Sitti Asmah Hassan ◽  
Intan Nurfauzirah Shafiqah Hamzani ◽  
Abd. Ramzi Sabli ◽  
Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Bus Priority ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Mobility Solution

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is one of the strategies to promote improvements in urban mobility. In this study, BRT scenarios, which integrate exclusive bus lanes and bus priority signal control in mixed traffic scenarios, were modelled using a VISSIM microsimulation. Three scenarios of BRT were modelled to represent 16:84, 38:62 and 54:46 modal splits between public transport and private vehicles. It was found that Scenario 4 (the 54:46 scenario) offers better benefits in terms of delay time saving and economic benefits. In general, it was found that the BRT system enhances the functioning of the transport system and provides people with faster and better mobility facilities, resulting in attractive social and economic benefits, especially on a higher modal split of public transport. It is regarded as one strategy to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce dependency on private vehicles. The finding of this study provides an insight on the effective concept of the BRT system, which may promote the dissemination of an urban mobility solution in the city. The results can help policymakers and local authorities in the management of a transport network in order to ensure reliable and sustainable transport.

scholarly journals Air Pollution, Allocation of Property Rights, Environmental Issues and Theoretical Overlapping Generations General Equilibrium Modelling

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Jules Tchouto
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Abatement Policy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement ◽  
General Equilibrium Modelling

Air Pollution, Allocation of Property Rights, Environmental Issues and Theoretical Overlapping Generations General Equilibrium ModellingThis paper presents how the environment - considered as a production factor - and other related assumptions can be introduced step by step in a theoretical Overlapping Generations General Equilibrium Model (OLG - GE). The first part shows the behaviors of agents with pollution in the absence of an environmental policy. The second part emphasizes a Greenhouse Gas abatement policy through the allocation of Pollution Permit ownership, which allows property rights on the environment; here we assume a three-factor model: Capital - Labor - Environment. The last part of of the paper highlights one theoretical property about the allocation of pollution permits within a OLG-GE steady state with the environment. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the aforementioned property has been characterized.

Female lens in urban mobility: technology-use behavior and individual differences

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Cassitas Hino ◽  
Maria Alexandra Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mobility Service ◽  
Use Behavior

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how women's individual differences influence urban mobility service technology-use behavior. The reduction in urban mobility is a major problem in countries with emerging economies, thus affecting both the economy and quality of life.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical approach follows the individual differences theory of gender and information technology (IDTGIT). This research combines structured interviews to understand how the use of urban mobility service technology in daily routines is perceived, questionnaires to map individual differences and user demonstrations to capture how participants used mobility applications on their cell phones.FindingsThis study shows the influence of individual characteristics on the use of mobile apps and presents five behavioral profiles of women. This article goes beyond gender segregation to also show intragender differences.Practical implicationsThis study explains women's behavior regarding urban mobility mobile applications through the generation of five profiles. These profiles can inform public policy managers on urban mobility and provide opportunities for improving the services of companies in the urban transport service chain.Originality/valueWith an intragender perspective, this study identifies the influence of individual characteristics on the use of technology and suggests that contextual identity, a novel dimension of characteristics that influence technology-use behavior, is relevant in the adoption of technology by its users.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequalities and exposure to traffic-related air pollution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Habermann ◽  
Míriam Souza ◽  
Rogério Prado ◽  
Nelson Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Air pollution is a leading public health concern. In addition, poor populations have been reported as showing increased exposure to such pollution. The current study thus aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic status of the population exposed to vehicle-related air pollution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The study used data from the 2010 Census on head-of-household’s mean monthly income and the percentage of households connected to the sewage system. Exposure to air pollutants was estimated according to traffic density in the census tract plus a 200m surrounding buffer. The relationship between exposure and socioeconomic variables was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Exposure increased with increasing socioeconomic status (p < 0.001). The population with the highest socioeconomic status lives in the most polluted areas of the city. However, place of residence alone is not capable of measuring exposure. The study suggests that future epidemiological studies include other indicators of vulnerability.

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