scholarly journals Selection of sunflower and its mixtures on the permafrost soil of Central Yakutia

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
E. S. Pestereva ◽  
S. A. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Permafrost Soil ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Mass Flowering ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. For the development of the main branch of agriculture in Yakutia — animal husbandry, one of the most pressing problems is the availability of feed. The article presents the results of research conducted at the Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture.Methods. Scientific research on the selection of sunflower mixtures with promising forage crops was carried out at site 30 “A“(on the basis of the laboratory of feed production of the YANIISKH) on the second over-floodplain terrace of the Lena River in 2018-2019.Results. The results of research on the growth and development of forage crops, the formation of yield, chemical composition and nutritional value of sunflower and its mixtures with promising annual crops are presented. High indicators for the development and yield of the tested crops were provided by sunflower mixed with corn 42.7 t/ha of green mass and sunflower mixed with Sudan grass 40.2 t/ha of green mass. The terms of sowing and harvesting of sunflower and its mixtures on permafrost soils are determined — sowing — the first decade of June, harvesting-the second decade of August before early-autumn frosts in the phase of mass flowering and throwing out panicles of the tested forage crops.

scholarly journals Selection of sunflower and its mixtures on the permafrost soil of Central Yakutia

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
E. S. Pestereva ◽  
S. A. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Permafrost Soil ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Mass Flowering ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. For the development of the main branch of agriculture in Yakutia — animal husbandry, one of the most pressing problems is the availability of feed. The article presents the results of research conducted at the Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture. Methods. Scientific research on the selection of sunflower mixtures with promising forage crops was carried out at site 30 “A“(on the basis of the laboratory of feed production of the YANIISKH) on the second over-floodplain terrace of the Lena River in 2018-2019.Results. The results of research on the growth and development of forage crops, the formation of yield, chemical composition and nutritional value of sunflower and its mixtures with promising annual crops are presented. High indicators for thedevelopment and yield of the tested crops were provided by sunflower mixed with corn 42.7 t/ha of green mass and sunflower mixed with Sudan grass 40.2 t/ha of green mass. The terms of sowing and harvesting of sunflower and its mixtures on permafrost soils are determined — sowing — the first decade of June, harvesting-the second decadeof August before early-autumn frosts in the phase of mass flowering and throwing out panicles of the tested forage crops.

The system of components dosing in compound feed

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Bulatov ◽  
V. N. Nechaev ◽  
A. G. Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Optimal Diet ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Dosing Accuracy ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Poultry Farming

Feed production, feeding of animals and poultry is an integral part of animal husbandry and poultry farming. Proper feeding of animals and poultry, which implies the making of an optimal diet with the input of useful premixes and vitamins, can increase their productivity. In Russia the predominant type of feeding is complete feed, which includes compound feed. Regardless of the type of feed in the process of its production, it is necessary to observe the proportions of its components. Dispensers are used for dosing, which depending on the purpose, are divided into mass and volume. We have made an attempt to generalize, systematize and implement the accumulated experience in the form of a scheme that allows us to understand the principle of operation of modern systems for dosing feed components, in which augers are used as feeding mechanisms. The purpose of the research was to build a scheme for selecting parameters and develop a methodology for studying the dosage system of feed components based on it. The results of the analysis of intellectual property protection documents and scientifi c works in the fi eld of dosing have been used to make a scheme for selecting parameters of the feed components dosing system. The results of observations on the operation of the developed system under production conditions and design features have been also taken into account. As a result of the research developed the scheme of selection of the operating parameters of the dosing system, revealed its shortcomings in the form of lower dosing accuracy with the decrease in the mass of the weighed components and the long search settings when composing the new diet. The methods have been developed to address the identifi ed defi ciencies in the determination of limit values of technological parameters.

scholarly journals FEED PRODUCTION IN THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE: STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
Anatoly Shpakov ◽  
Anel Kutuzova ◽  
Dalhat Teberdiev ◽  
Valentina Volovik
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Zone State

The Non-Chernozem zone of Russia in terms of soil and climatic conditions and plant resources is the main region of specialization of commodity production of dairy and meat products of animal husbandry. The intensity and economic efficiency of the industry are closely related to the volume of production and quality of feed. The article analyzes the current state, substantiates the main parameters of feed production and measures for the development of promising feed production systems that ensure food security in the region. Soil and climate resources, scientific and practical experience allows us to produce basic types of food in the Non-Chernozem zone in full from the need. For the production of dairy and meat products of cattle, it will be necessary to produce about 77 million tons of feed units, including 40 million tons of bulk and 37 million tons of concentrated. To produce this amount of feed, it will be necessary to increase the sown area of forage crops to 11 million hectares, and increase their productivity to 2.5 t/ha of feed units. The most important factor in increasing the production of bulky feed is natural forage lands, cultural hayfields and pastures, which allow the use of feed at the lowest cost of material and technical resources and produce environmentally safe products.

scholarly journals Resource-saving technologies for preparing fodder crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00106
Author(s):  
Tatiana Marinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Unconventional Feed

A modern animal husbandry needs balanced feeding with rational use of feed and the maximum involvement of unconventional feed. At the same time, issues of increasing the nutritional value of feeds, improving quality, reducing the share of cereals remain urgent, since they occupy a significant part in the composition of the diet and cost structure. The application of modern feed processing technologies increases the efficiency of their use, increases the performance of animal husbandry, as evidenced by numerous experiments. The organization of feed production based on own feed resources significantly reduces the cost of production. The application of a number of technologies has been discussed and justified, which allows obtaining feed with high zootechnical and consumer characteristics, as well as with high rates of nutrition, digestibility and biological value with a significant reduction in the cost of feeding.

Productivity and nutritional value of alfalfa–smooth brome agrophytocenosis depending on cultural practices

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
О.А. Тимошкин ◽  
С.А. Сёмина ◽  
О.Ю. Тимошкина ◽  
С.А. Алексеев
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Feed Production

Одна из важнейших задач кормопроизводства — разработка агротехники для получения сбалансированных кормов высокого качества. Изучено влияние норм высева компонентов травосмеси, фона минерального питания и сроков уборки на продуктивность и питательность кормовой массы совместных посевов люцерны изменчивой и костреца безостого. Исследования проводили в 2017–2019 годах в Пензенской области. Годы пользования травостоями характеризовались острозасушливыми (2018 год) и засушливыми (2019 год) условиями вегетационных периодов, гидротермический коэффициент в среднем за вегетационный период составил 0,4 и 0,7 по годам соответственно. В исследованиях использовались сорта люцерны изменчивой (Medicago × varia Mart.) Дарья, костреца безостого (Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub) Удалец. В среднем за 2018–2019 годы выявлены достоверные различия по урожайности зелёной массы, сбору сухого вещества по каждому из изучаемых факторов. Более высокие показатели получены при высеве люцерны с 70%-ной, костреца — с 40%-ной нормой высева: урожайность зелёной массы — 53,6 т/га, сухого вещества — 11,87 т/га. Внесение P60K90 и N45P60K90 увеличило выход зелёной массы по сравнению с контролем на 9,5–16,2%, сухого вещества — на 7,8–12,3%. Уборка в фазу бутонизации люцерны обеспечила получение 55,0 т/га зелёной массы и 12,05 т/га сухого вещества, или на 31,9 и 22,0% больше, чем в фазу цветения. По питательной ценности сухого вещества выделились скошенные в фазу бутонизации смеси с большим содержанием люцерны (70+40%) при внесении минеральных удобрений. One of the most important tasks of feed production is the development of agricultural technology to obtain balanced high quality feed. The influence of seeding rates, the mineral nutrition and the harvesting time on the productivity and nutritional value of the alfalfa-smooth brome forage mass was studied. The investigations were carried out in the Penza region in 2017–2019. The growing season conditions were severely arid (2018) and arid (2019), the average hydrothermal coefficients per growing season were 0.4 and 0.7 over the years, respectively. The varieties of bastard alfalfa (Medicago × varia Mart.) “Daria” and smooth brome (Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub) “Udalets” were used for the study. On average for 2018–2019, the yield of green mass and of dry matter varied significantly for each of the studied factors. Higher results were obtained under alfalfa and smooth brome seeding rates of 70 and 40%, respectively: the yield of green mass was 53.6 t ha-1, dry matter — 11.87 t ha-1. The application of P60K90 and N45P60K90 increased the yield of green mass by 9.5–16.2%, dry matter — by 7.8–12.3%. Harvesting alfalfa at budding stage provided 55.0 t ha-1 of green mass and 12.05 t ha-1 of dry matter, or 31.9 and 22.0% more than at the flowering stage. Mixtures with high alfalfa content (70 + 40%) had dry matter of better quality cut at budding stage under mineral fertilization.

FEED DISPENSERS FOR DOMESTIC MEAT ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1233-1239
Author(s):  
V.Y. Sidorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Vitamin Supplements ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Meat Animal ◽  
Technological Means

The article examines the influence of domestic feed dispensers’ technical characteristics on the quality of preparing various types of feed for beef cattle breeding. Among the studied options for preparation and distribution of feed for beef cattle are mixer-feeders, which in the form of mobile trailers, trailers, semitrailers and stationary installations are universal transport and technological means for crushing, mixing, unloading various types of feed and feed mixtures: long-fiber green mass, silage, haylage, loose and pressed hay, straw, briquetted, wet and frozen fodder. Domestic feed dispensers are suitable for mixing various feed components into homogeneous (95-98%) grain mixtures, technical specialized feed mixtures, etc., with automated electronic weighing systems, control of the quantity and quality of feed, with the production of feed fraction up to 10 mm and taking into account the requirements for humidity. The models have options for the injection of liquid components: water, oils, vitamins, etc. The main structures of the feed dispensers are horizontal and vertical, for processing ingredients with a density of 300-500 kg/m3 into a loose mass without loss of nutritional value. The volume of the bunkers varies from 3 to 20 m3; dimensions of various modifications of the model range are approximately the same: width 1.5-2.3 m, length 3.5-7.7 m, height 1.7-3.2 m. The average weight of horizontal models is 12.5% more than vertical. Horizontal feed mixers are designed for the preparation of protein mineral and vitamin supplements and compound feeds, vertical feed mixers for the main ration. Components - loose, dry, wet, liquid and heavy ones - are prepared in a mixture as a percentage in accordance with the recipe. Premixes, bran, cake, grain meal are also used as fillers.

scholarly journals New promising annual crops for green mass in the Far North

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
E. S. Pestereva ◽  
S. A. Pavlova ◽  
N. N. Zhirkova
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Mass Flowering ◽  
Far North ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Fodder Crops

Relevance and methods. The article presents the results of studies conducted at the Yakutsk Research Institute of Agriculture. Scientific research on the study of promising new forage crops was carried out on site 30 "A" (on the basis of the forage production laboratory of the YANIISKh) on the second floodplain terrace of the river. Lena in 2016–2018. The effect of three sowing dates on the yield of promising annual fodder crops is studied.Results. The results of studies on the growth, development, productivity, nutritional value of promising annual crops are presented. Productivity in three sowing periods during the harvesting period of sunflower reached feed units 1.2– 2.7 t/ha, crude protein — 2.5–5.1 t/ha, corn — feed units 0.7–2.2 t/ha, crude protein — 2.8–6.9 t /ha, oilseed radish feed units 1.1–1.3 t/ha, crude protein 3.3–5.0 t/ha. The optimal sowing and harvesting dates of promising annual fodder crops for the production of high-quality succulent and voluminous feeds are established — 1 term (sowing — I decade of June, harvesting — II decade of August); 2 term (sowing — the 2nd decade of June, harvesting — the 3rd decade of August) in the phase of mass flowering and discarding panicles of the tested feed crops.

EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF MICROFERTILIZERS AND BIOPREPARATION OF A NEW GENERATION ON CROPS OF MEADOW CLOVER

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1349-1356
Author(s):  
L.A. Dzugaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
New Generation

Feed production has been and remains one of the most important and complex problems in agriculture. The production of forage far exceeds the gross production of all other crop products. At the same time, being the most important branch of agriculture, they do not meet the needs of animal husbandry. The development of animal husbandry has recently been characterized by major organizational and technical changes. The process of specialization and concentration of its individual industries is under way at an accelerated pace. A network of large complexes for the production of livestock products on an industrial basis is being created, and farms are being comprehensively mechanized. All this led to an increase in the production of all livestock products. The successful development of animal husbandry depends, first of all, on the state of the fodder base. In recent years, fodder production has developed into one of the most important branches of agriculture. Analysis of the current state of feed production in North Ossetia shows that the supply of livestock with feed is 1.5 times lower than in some regions of the Russian Federation and has a tendency to further decline. This is due to the fact that feed production is aimed at volumetric rather than quality indicators. Therefore, all vegetable feeds of our own production are characterized by a low concentration of protein in dry matter (8.3-9.2%) and metabolizable energy (8.2-8.5 MJ). Clover is one of the leading forage crops. Its role as a cheap source of protein for animals and as an excellent precursor in crop rotation is well known. Agrotechnical significance is also great: thanks to the nodule bacteria settling on the roots of clover, it is able to assimilate atmospheric nitrogen. Clover roots penetrate deep into the ground, loosen the soil layer, extracting nutrients that are difficult for other plants to reach, enrich the soil with organic matter, improve its structure, physical properties, fix the arable layer and protect it from water and wind erosion. Get ting high and stable yields is possible with uninterrupted, harmonious, balanced supply of plants with basic nutrients in accordance with their needs throughout the growing season. The size of the yield is the most important indicator of the effectiveness of the culture under study, cultivation conditions, agricultural techniques and their combinations. It is advisable to focus on modern biological products and complex bioorganic fertilizers, because their composition is as close to optimal values as possible.

scholarly journals Experience on the cultivation of forage crops for silage in the North

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Pavlova ◽  
E.S. Pestereva
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Mixed Crops

The development of animal husbandry in the zone of risky agriculture in Yakutia is impossible without creating a solid fodder base, so the primary task of fodder production is the production of high-protein fodder, balanced by protein and mineral content. One of the leading places in solving this problem belongs to annual crops and their mixtures. It is important to increase the production and improve the quality of all types of fodder, primarily by expanding mixed crops, improving the technology of their cultivation and harvesting. Scientific research on cultivation of annual fodder crops for haylage production was conducted at the experimental plot of the laboratory of fodder production of YANIISKH in 2016-2018 on the second above floodplain terrace of the Lena River. Data on biometric measurements, green mass yield, chemical composition and nutritive value of annual fodder crops were obtained. During the years of research the two-component pea-oat mixture was the most productive and nutritious among mixed crops at all 3 sowing dates (1st date - May 24, 2nd date - June 12, 3rd date - July 2), yield averaged 199.3-264.0 t/ha, fodder units 33.9-73.1 t/ha, digestible protein 4.68-5.78 t/ha and vetch-oat mixture yield green mass 183.5-241.5 t/ha, fodder units 33.3-41.8 t/ha, digestible protein 4.68-5.78 t/ha. As a result of the research, the second and third sowing dates (II decade of June - I decade of July) turned out to be the best sowing dates for oats, vetch-oat, pea-oat and pea-oat- barley mixtures for haylage. For the production of haylage in the conditions of Central Yakutia, the best variants were the two-component vetch-oat and pea-oat mixtures both in terms of green mass productivity and nutritive value of forage. According to the nutritional qualities, the optimal phase for harvesting green mass of forage crops for haylage is the onset of the phase: cereals - milk-wax ripeness, legumes - in the phase of flowering-fruit formation.

scholarly journals Productivity and quality of annual crops for harvesting haylage in the conditions of Yakutia

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
S. A. Pavlova ◽  
E. S. Pestereva ◽  
G. E. Zaharova
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Mixed Crops ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. The basis for increasing livestock production is a solid food base. Therefore, it is important to increase production and improve the quality of all types of feed, primarily by expanding mixed crops, improving the technology of their cultivation and harvesting.Methods. The aim of the research is the comparative productivity and nutritional value of annual forage crops for the production of haylage in Central Yakutia.Results. Carry out the selection of promising annual crops for the production of haylage; establish the optimum time of sowing of annual crops and their mixtures on silage; study the features of growth, development and formation of yield and nutritional value of annual crops. According to the results of studies on the yield of green mass of forage crops were allocated in 1 sowing period two — component options-Vico-oat and pea – oat mixture (19.9–19.0 t/ha).

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