EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF MICROFERTILIZERS AND BIOPREPARATION OF A NEW GENERATION ON CROPS OF MEADOW CLOVER

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1349-1356
Author(s):  
L.A. Dzugaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
New Generation

Feed production has been and remains one of the most important and complex problems in agriculture. The production of forage far exceeds the gross production of all other crop products. At the same time, being the most important branch of agriculture, they do not meet the needs of animal husbandry. The development of animal husbandry has recently been characterized by major organizational and technical changes. The process of specialization and concentration of its individual industries is under way at an accelerated pace. A network of large complexes for the production of livestock products on an industrial basis is being created, and farms are being comprehensively mechanized. All this led to an increase in the production of all livestock products. The successful development of animal husbandry depends, first of all, on the state of the fodder base. In recent years, fodder production has developed into one of the most important branches of agriculture. Analysis of the current state of feed production in North Ossetia shows that the supply of livestock with feed is 1.5 times lower than in some regions of the Russian Federation and has a tendency to further decline. This is due to the fact that feed production is aimed at volumetric rather than quality indicators. Therefore, all vegetable feeds of our own production are characterized by a low concentration of protein in dry matter (8.3-9.2%) and metabolizable energy (8.2-8.5 MJ). Clover is one of the leading forage crops. Its role as a cheap source of protein for animals and as an excellent precursor in crop rotation is well known. Agrotechnical significance is also great: thanks to the nodule bacteria settling on the roots of clover, it is able to assimilate atmospheric nitrogen. Clover roots penetrate deep into the ground, loosen the soil layer, extracting nutrients that are difficult for other plants to reach, enrich the soil with organic matter, improve its structure, physical properties, fix the arable layer and protect it from water and wind erosion. Get ting high and stable yields is possible with uninterrupted, harmonious, balanced supply of plants with basic nutrients in accordance with their needs throughout the growing season. The size of the yield is the most important indicator of the effectiveness of the culture under study, cultivation conditions, agricultural techniques and their combinations. It is advisable to focus on modern biological products and complex bioorganic fertilizers, because their composition is as close to optimal values as possible.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF LUPINE IN FOOD SECURITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
N. V. Gaponov
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Cost

A method for solving the problem of protein and energy value of rations is presented, which seems to be a key task for workers in animal husbandry and agricultural science. An important place in it is given to legumes and oilseeds. They are widely used in feeding animals in the form of green fodder, natural, crushed seeds and products of their processing (cake, meal, oil, etc.) and, to a limited extent, in the composition of compound feed. A key issue in feed production is the problem of feed protein. The further development of animal husbandry depends on its solution. Protein deficiency in rations is usually up to 30%, and this leads to overconsumption of feed and increases the cost of livestock products by 1.5–2.0 times. The solution to the problem of fodder protein should be carried out mainly at the expense of leguminous crops and their mixtures, legumes. One of the main tasks of fodder production is the introduction of progressive harvesting techniques. Dry feed mixtures with their structure and shape most fully meet the physiological needs of animals due to the increased energy of nutrients and product quality. 

scholarly journals FEED PRODUCTION IN THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE: STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
Anatoly Shpakov ◽  
Anel Kutuzova ◽  
Dalhat Teberdiev ◽  
Valentina Volovik
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Zone State

The Non-Chernozem zone of Russia in terms of soil and climatic conditions and plant resources is the main region of specialization of commodity production of dairy and meat products of animal husbandry. The intensity and economic efficiency of the industry are closely related to the volume of production and quality of feed. The article analyzes the current state, substantiates the main parameters of feed production and measures for the development of promising feed production systems that ensure food security in the region. Soil and climate resources, scientific and practical experience allows us to produce basic types of food in the Non-Chernozem zone in full from the need. For the production of dairy and meat products of cattle, it will be necessary to produce about 77 million tons of feed units, including 40 million tons of bulk and 37 million tons of concentrated. To produce this amount of feed, it will be necessary to increase the sown area of forage crops to 11 million hectares, and increase their productivity to 2.5 t/ha of feed units. The most important factor in increasing the production of bulky feed is natural forage lands, cultural hayfields and pastures, which allow the use of feed at the lowest cost of material and technical resources and produce environmentally safe products.

scholarly journals Selection of sunflower and its mixtures on the permafrost soil of Central Yakutia

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
E. S. Pestereva ◽  
S. A. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Permafrost Soil ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Mass Flowering ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. For the development of the main branch of agriculture in Yakutia — animal husbandry, one of the most pressing problems is the availability of feed. The article presents the results of research conducted at the Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture.Methods. Scientific research on the selection of sunflower mixtures with promising forage crops was carried out at site 30 “A“(on the basis of the laboratory of feed production of the YANIISKH) on the second over-floodplain terrace of the Lena River in 2018-2019.Results. The results of research on the growth and development of forage crops, the formation of yield, chemical composition and nutritional value of sunflower and its mixtures with promising annual crops are presented. High indicators for the development and yield of the tested crops were provided by sunflower mixed with corn 42.7 t/ha of green mass and sunflower mixed with Sudan grass 40.2 t/ha of green mass. The terms of sowing and harvesting of sunflower and its mixtures on permafrost soils are determined — sowing — the first decade of June, harvesting-the second decade of August before early-autumn frosts in the phase of mass flowering and throwing out panicles of the tested forage crops.

scholarly journals Regularities and trends of the of the livestock industry current state in the Zhytomyr region

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Valeriy Mykytyuk
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Livestock Products

An important condition for the provision of the country's food security is the production of sufficient quantities of food ensuring its proper quality. The current state of development of the livestock industry, as the main supplier of the population with meat, milk and other products both in Ukraine and at the regional level does not meet its potential capabilities. The purpose of the study was to investigate the trends and patterns of the current state of the livestock industry at the regional level and to find the main ways of its development. The study used general scientific and economic-statistical methods, namely: series of dynamics, analysis and synthesis, comparison. Analysis of the current trends in the livestock industry at the regional level as well as some of its indicators in general for Ukraine was carried out. Changes and dynamics of the average annual available number of livestock and poultry by groups of animals are revealed. It was found that the positive changes in the number of animals led to an increase in meat production, including lamb and goat, and poultry. However, this did not increase the production of beef, pork, milk and honey. The structure of meat production does not fully correspond to the natural and economic area of the animal husbandry. The influence of changes in the dynamics of the level of productivity of farm animals on the gross output of products, especially in the branches of pig breeding, sheep breeding, beekeeping, is estimated. According to the results of the research, the level of production of the main types of livestock products per capita has increased, but does not yet fully meet the physiological norms of consumption of these products. Feed evaluation in animal husbandry allowed measuring the efficiency of their use in terms of nutrients per 1 conventional head and unit of production by its types. An assessment of the economic efficiency of the industry is carried out according to the main indicators that summarise it. In the structure of production costs, the largest part is occupied by direct material costs. It was found that only the production of milk and chicken eggs was profitable. The study suggests the main approaches to the development of the livestock industry in the future

scholarly journals Substantiation of a Promising Design and Technological Scheme of a Multicomponent Dispenser-Mixer

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
I. Seidova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Vitamin Supplements ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
High Uniformity ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Livestock Products

Currently, one of the main tasks facing animal husbandry is to ensure the conservation of land to provide the population with high-quality livestock products, as well as to increase the productivity and productivity of each livestock. The correct implementation of this task primarily depends on the creation of a solid feed base. This, in turn, is possible due to the improvement and introduction of feed production technologies that do not depend on natural conditions. The technology of mixed feed production is a set of operations (grinding, dosing, mixing, etc.) performed in a certain sequence. As a result of these operations, feed is obtained from the raw materials (grain components, mineral additives, vitamins, salts, etc.) with the parameters specified in accordance with its recipe. The creation of a multicomponent dispenser-mixer capable of preparing grain mixtures in a continuous flow with high uniformity of dosing and mixing requires research and development work and is caused by the need of agricultural enterprises for such dispensers-mixers. In the technological line under study, the feed components are alternately crushed and loaded into the mixing unit. The processing line is equipped with an electronic weighing system that allows you to accurately dose the components of compound feeds and accumulate data on grain consumption. The raw materials for the preparation of compound feeds are cereals, as well as protein and vitamin supplements. The system of feeding protein and vitamin supplements is carried out by an auger, which ensures their supply to the mixing zone even with their minimum amount. The fineness of the grinding is regulated by replacing the sieve in the crusher.

scholarly journals Selection of sunflower and its mixtures on the permafrost soil of Central Yakutia

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
E. S. Pestereva ◽  
S. A. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Permafrost Soil ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Mass Flowering ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. For the development of the main branch of agriculture in Yakutia — animal husbandry, one of the most pressing problems is the availability of feed. The article presents the results of research conducted at the Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture. Methods. Scientific research on the selection of sunflower mixtures with promising forage crops was carried out at site 30 “A“(on the basis of the laboratory of feed production of the YANIISKH) on the second over-floodplain terrace of the Lena River in 2018-2019.Results. The results of research on the growth and development of forage crops, the formation of yield, chemical composition and nutritional value of sunflower and its mixtures with promising annual crops are presented. High indicators for thedevelopment and yield of the tested crops were provided by sunflower mixed with corn 42.7 t/ha of green mass and sunflower mixed with Sudan grass 40.2 t/ha of green mass. The terms of sowing and harvesting of sunflower and its mixtures on permafrost soils are determined — sowing — the first decade of June, harvesting-the second decadeof August before early-autumn frosts in the phase of mass flowering and throwing out panicles of the tested forage crops.

The use distribution properties of Poisson in the production of high-performance feed

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
A. Spesivtsev
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Livestock Productivity

In a market economics the main reference point for livestock enterprises is the factor of stability and financial well-being. With more than half of all expenses of livestock production is necessary for feed because livestock productivity is mainly dependent on feed, on their efficacy and safety must be first and foremost, the focus in feed production. Only under these environments can the growing productivity of animals, high quality of products and consistent reduction of its primecost be ensured. The influence of the feed base on the development of animal husbandry is shown in the following: properly balanced nutritional feed rations dramatically increase the productivity of animals, increase milk yield, and average daily gains of live weight. The use of biologically and economically effective rations of animals and poultry, first of all, helps to reduce the prime-cost of livestock products, achieve profitability of its production, increase competitiveness in domestic and global markets and ultimately improve the quality of life of Russians. The role of mathematics, including probability theory and mathematical statistics in feed production are indisputable. It makes it possible to build a mathematical model of the object under study, i.e. to describe its most significant features and properties in the language of mathematical concepts and equations. The examples of analytical calculations based on the use of Poisson distribution properties, which allow us to implement a model of high-performance feed with the content of biologically active substances of components in the specified diets of animals and poultry have been provided in the article. The results of the calculations have been summarized in the table to which this brief explanation.

scholarly journals Experience on the cultivation of forage crops for silage in the North

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Pavlova ◽  
E.S. Pestereva
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Mixed Crops

The development of animal husbandry in the zone of risky agriculture in Yakutia is impossible without creating a solid fodder base, so the primary task of fodder production is the production of high-protein fodder, balanced by protein and mineral content. One of the leading places in solving this problem belongs to annual crops and their mixtures. It is important to increase the production and improve the quality of all types of fodder, primarily by expanding mixed crops, improving the technology of their cultivation and harvesting. Scientific research on cultivation of annual fodder crops for haylage production was conducted at the experimental plot of the laboratory of fodder production of YANIISKH in 2016-2018 on the second above floodplain terrace of the Lena River. Data on biometric measurements, green mass yield, chemical composition and nutritive value of annual fodder crops were obtained. During the years of research the two-component pea-oat mixture was the most productive and nutritious among mixed crops at all 3 sowing dates (1st date - May 24, 2nd date - June 12, 3rd date - July 2), yield averaged 199.3-264.0 t/ha, fodder units 33.9-73.1 t/ha, digestible protein 4.68-5.78 t/ha and vetch-oat mixture yield green mass 183.5-241.5 t/ha, fodder units 33.3-41.8 t/ha, digestible protein 4.68-5.78 t/ha. As a result of the research, the second and third sowing dates (II decade of June - I decade of July) turned out to be the best sowing dates for oats, vetch-oat, pea-oat and pea-oat- barley mixtures for haylage. For the production of haylage in the conditions of Central Yakutia, the best variants were the two-component vetch-oat and pea-oat mixtures both in terms of green mass productivity and nutritive value of forage. According to the nutritional qualities, the optimal phase for harvesting green mass of forage crops for haylage is the onset of the phase: cereals - milk-wax ripeness, legumes - in the phase of flowering-fruit formation.

Interpreting Chinese Grain Consumption Statistics

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 575-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Coarse Grain ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Livestock Products

The level of grain consumption per head is by far the most important indicator of human welfare in China. It is therefore not surprising that the provision of food grain dominates official discussions of economic policy. Since 1978 the demand for grain has been raised significantly by the acceleration of incomes, following 20 years of stagnation, although the effect of this has been mitigated by the decline in the rate of growth of population, from 2·4 per cent per year (1970–74) to 1·2 per cent (1978–80). The demand for grain for direct consumption has not yet reached saturation in most parts of China and consumption rises with income per head. The demand for fine grain (rice, wheat and soya) is more income elastic than that for coarse grain such as millet, maize and especially sweet potatoes. In addition, the Chinese people are pressing to improve their diet by consuming more livestock products, the production of which requires large quantities of grain. In spite of the fact that grain is rationed, restricted “demand” as laid down by the Government cannot be met from domestic production and China is a large grain importer. Accurate estimates of food grain consumption are thus essential if we are to assess correctly the current state of the Chinese economy and its future trends.

scholarly journals Ways to improve low-yield hayfields and pastures in arid areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
V. G. Grebennikov ◽  
I. A. Shipilov ◽  
O. V. Khonina ◽  
L. R. Ashibokova
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Perennial Legumes ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. An analysis of the development of feed production in the Stavropol Territory shows that at present, due to the low productivity of natural forage lands, the level of feed production does not meet the requirements for the development of animal husbandry. Illiterate anthropogenic influence in the dry-steppe regions of the region, where about 70% of the number of sheep and 30% of the number of beef cattle are located, led to the fact that up to 300 thousand hectares of hayfields and pastures were subjected to erosion and deflation. However, in recent years, the process of improving forage land has been reduced to a minimum. Therefore, the process of restoring the forage productivity of hayfields and pastures should be given close attention. To this end, in the zone of dry steppes we conducted research on the selection of perennial legumes and grasses of a new generation to create highly productive grassland agrophytocenoses of long-term use.Methods. The experiments were carried out in the conditions of arid and extremely arid zones of the Stavropol Territory. The objects of research were perennial legumes and cereals and their herb mixtures. Restoration of degraded hayfields and pastures was carried out by means of amelioration and superficial improvement.Results. According to our research, by enriching the degenerated grass with valuable legumes and cereals in terms of forage it is possible to significantly increase its productivity and quality. In extremely arid and arid zones the most effective mixtureswere ones involving 4 and 5 components, which yield reached 15.3–23.8 t/ha of green mass, and the yield of feed units per 1 ha was 1.9–2.6 t/ha. The increase in the productivity of the improved herbage had a positive effect on the feed capacity of the land, which increased to 0.83–1.30 conventional heads per 1 ha.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document