scholarly journals The correlation between IL-10 expression and histopathological type in nasopharynx carcinoma patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Hamita Hamita ◽  
Muhtarum Yusuf ◽  
Manshur Shidiq Wiyadi
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Expression ◽  
Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Histopathological Type

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy originated from nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. NPC therapy response could be predicted from histopathological type, but some patients with the same histopathological type, showed a different therapy response. Interleukin (IL)-10 expression is expected to be able to predict a better response of therapy in NPC patients. Purpose: To find out the correlation between IL-10 expression and histopathological type in NPC patients. Method: An analytic observational study with cross sectional approach towards 33 samples taken from the Oncology Polyclinic of Outpatient Unit of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens were obtained. The IL-10 expression was studied with immunohistochemistry using rabbit polyclonal antibody Anti IL-10. Assessment of the staining used Allred scale. The Fisher exact test was utilized to determine the correlation of IL-10 expression and histopathological type of NPC, with p value = 0.05. Result: The result of IL-10 expression in NPC patients with histopathological WHO type I NPC obtained 1 sample (8.3%) with strong positive expression and 2 samples (9.5%) with weak positive expression. In patients with histopathological WHO type II NPC obtained 2 samples (16.7%) with strong positive expression and 12 samples (57.1%) with weak positive expression. In patients with histopathological WHO type III NPC obtained 9 samples (75%) with strong expression and 7 samples (33.3%) with weak positive expression. Conclusion: There was moderate positive correlation between IL-10 expression and histopathological type in NPC patients.Keywords: nasopharyngeal carcinoma, IL-10 expression, histopathological type ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Karsinoma nasofaring (KNF) adalah suatu keganasan yang berasal dari epitel nasofaring. Respon terapi KNF selama ini dapat dinilai berdasarkan tipe histopatologi, namun pada kenyataannya penderita KNF dengan tipe histopatologi sama dapat menunjukkan respon terapi berbeda. Pemeriksaan ekspresi interleukin (IL)-10 diharapkan dapat memberikan prediksi lebih baik mengenai respon terapi pada penderita KNF. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara ekspresi IL-10 dengan tipe histopatologi pada penderita KNF. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional pada 33 sampel yang diperoleh dari Poliklinik Onkologi Unit Rawat Jalan, Departemen THTBedah Kepala Leher, RSUD Dr Soetomo. Ekspresi IL-10 diperiksa dari blok parafin dengan teknik pemulasan imunohistokimia menggunakan rabbit polyclonal antibody Anti IL-10. Ekspresi IL-10 dinilai dengan menggunakan skala Allred. Uji Fisher exact digunakan untuk menentukan korelasi antara ekspresi IL-10 dan tipe histopatologi KNF, dengan p = 0,05. Hasil: Ekspresi IL-10 pada KNF WHO tipe I didapatkan ekspresi positif kuat 1 penderita (8,3%) dan ekspresi positif lemah 2 penderita (9,5%). Hasil ekspresi IL-10 pada KNF WHO tipe II didapatkan ekspresi positif kuat 2 penderita (16,7%) dan ekspresi positif lemah 12 penderita (57,1%). Hasil ekspresi IL-10 pada KNF WHO tipe III 9 penderita (75%) dengan ekspresi positif kuat dan 7 penderita (33,3%) dengan ekspresi positif lemah. Kesimpulan: Didapatkan korelasi positif sedang antara ekspresi IL-10 dan tipe histopatologi pada penderita KNF

Kesediaan Vaksinasi HPV pada Remaja Putri Ditinjau dari Faktor Orang Tua

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Nonik Ayu Wantini ◽  
Novi Indrayani
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Infeksi HPV dan pre kanker serviks (sel-sel abnormal pada leher rahim yang dapat menyebabkan kanker) telah menurun secara signifikan sejak vaksin HPV digunakan.Cakupan vaksinasi HPV masih rendah di Indonesia.Orang tua adalah pemegang tanggung jawab dan kewajiban utama di dalam penjaminan pemenuhan hak dasar anak untuk mendapatkan vaksinasi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan (sikap, kepercayaan, dukungan orang tua) dengan kesediaan vaksinasi pada remaja putri. Jenis penelitian adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SD Muhammadiyah Macanan, Ngemplak dan SMPN 1 Berbah, Sleman pada Mei-Juli 2019. Jumlah sampel 127 remaja putri beserta orang tuanya dipilih dengan accidental sampling. Instrumen kuesioner dan telah dilakukan uji validitas. Analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square (dukungan instrumen, emosional, kepercayaan orang tua) dan uji fisher exact (dukungan informasi dan sikap). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 92,9% orang tua tidak memberikan dukungan informasi, 85% tidak memberikan dukungan instrumen, 75,6% memberikan dukungan emosional kepada putrinya terkait vaksinasi. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kesediaan vaksinasi adalah dukungan instrumen (p-value = 0,048). Faktor yang menjadi pertimbangan terbanyak orang tua untuk mengijinkan anaknya di vaksinasi adalah keamanan vaksin (81,1%). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan dukungan instrumen orang tua dengan kesediaan vaksinasi HPV pada remaja putri. HPV infections and cervical precancers (abnormal cells on the cervix that can lead to cancer) have dropped significantly since HPV vaccine has been in use. HPV vaccination coverage is still low in Indonesia. Parents are the main responsibility and obligation in guaranteeing the fulfillment of the child's basic rights to get a vaccination. The purpose of this study was to determine the related factors (attitudes, beliefs, parental support) with the willingness to participate in HPV vaccination among adolescent girls. This type of the study was analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The study was conducted at SD Muhammadiyah Macanan, Ngemplak and SMPN 1 Berbah, Sleman in May-July 2019. The sample was 127 adolescent girl and their parents selected by accidental sampling. The instrument used questionnaire and already undergone validity test. The bivariate analysis used chi square test (instrument and emotional support, parental trust) and fisher exact test (information support and attitude). The results showed 92.9% of parents did not provide information support, 85% did not provide instrument support, 75.6% provided emotional support to their daughters related to vaccination. Factors related to the willingness of vaccinations were instrument support (p-value = 0.048). The factor that was considered by most parents to allow their children to be vaccinated was vaccine safety (81.1%). Conclusion: There was a correlation between parental instrument support and HPV vaccination willingness of adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Analisis faktor kejadian wasting pada anak balita 12-59 bulan di Puskesmas Bulili Kota Palu: Studi cross sectional

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Hepti Muliyati ◽  
Menis Mbali ◽  
Hadidja Bando ◽  
Riana Pangestu Utami ◽  
Opyn Mananta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Wasting on children is an important public health problem because of its considerable impact on their health and growth. This problem could lead to iron deficiency which could induce infection disease and probably lower a child’s intelligence as a long-term effect. This study aimed to analyze factors related to wasting on 12-59 months children in Bulili Public Health Center (PHC), Palu City. The analytical descriptive study designed with a cross-sectional approach was applied in this study. One hundred and twenty-one subject was selected from 283 children with purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed with chi-square and Fisher exact test with significant (p < 0,05). The result showed that most children with low birth weight experienced wasting with a p-value = 0,000. Most of the children from higher-income families did not experience wasting with a p-value = 0,004. Most children who didn’t receive breastfeeding milk did not experience wasting with a p-value = 0,958. This study concluded a correlation between low birth weight and income to wasting, but breastfeeding practice was not related.

scholarly journals Innovative Method of Using Endoscope in Postoperative Canal Wall Down Mastoid Cavity

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (211) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Bista ◽  
Nayan Bahadur Mahato ◽  
Deepak Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Canal Wall Down ◽  
Mastoid Surgery

Introduction: Poor access to the difficult areas in the middle ear and mastoid cavity is considered as the major reason for failure in mastoid surgery. Wide field visibility, visualization of nooks and corners by an endoscope could contribute to better clinical control of the disease in these patients that cannot be accessed by the operating microscope.  Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, done in Kathmandu Medical College from January to June 2017. Thirty two patients were included in the study. Data collection was done by convenient sampling. Statistical analysis was done by Chi square test and Fisher Exact test, P value of <0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study revealed that exposure benefit with an endoscope in canal wall down mastoid surgery was significantly better than with a microscope (P value of 0.034). The level of complete clearance and level of difficulty in cleaning with the help of a microscope compared to endoscope did not show a significant difference with P value of 0.288 and 0.652 obtained by Fisher extract test respectively. After microscopic removal of materials from the mastoid cavity, 22 (68.8%) which is more than half of cases had remaining materials in the cavity which was removed by endoscope completely. Conclusions: Outcome will make the ENT surgeons aware of use of endoscopy in post mastoid follow up cases to give better results and make the surgeon much more successful in his/her endeavor to eradicate the disease.

scholarly journals Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Pemberian MP-ASI dengan Kejadian Diare pada Anak Usia 6-24 Bulan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Alvian Merza Radi Putra ◽  
Melania Wahyuningsih ◽  
Fajarina Lathu
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Diare lebih dominan menyerang anak-anak karena daya tahan tubuh anak-anak yang masih lemah. Faktor penyebab diare pada anak salah satunya pemberian MP-ASI oleh ibu. Dalam praktiknya pengetahuan ibu tentang pemberian MP-ASI masih minim. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang pemberian MP-ASI dengan kejadian diare pada anak usia 6-24 bulan Di Posyandu Padukuhan Pugeran Maguwoharjo Depok Sleman Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian yaitu kuantitatif observasional analitik dengan rancangan penelitian Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian ini ibu yang memiliki anak usia 6-24 bulan berjumlah 41 bulan Juli 2019 di Padukuhan Pugeran Maguwoharjo Depok Sleman Yogyakarta. Teknik Sampling menggunakan total sampling. Instrumen pengambilan data berupa kuisioner. Analisa data menggunakan Fisher Exact Test. Hasil menunjukkan ibu yang memiliki pengetahuan baik 28 orang (68,3%) sedangkan yang berpengetahuan cukup sebanyak 13 orang (31,7%). Anak yang tidak pernah mengalami diare dalam kurun waktu 3 bulan terakhir sebanyak 29 anak (70,7%) dan yang pernah mengalami diare dalam kurun waktu 3 bulan terakhir sebanyak 12 anak (29,3%). Didapatkan hasil nilai p value sebesar 0,419. Tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang MP- ASI dengan kejadian diare pada anak usia 6-24 bulan di Padukuhan Pugeran Maguwoharjo Depok Sleman Yogyakarta.

Kontribusi Karakteristik Ibu Terhadap kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Usia 24-36 Bulan Di Sleman Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prastiwi Putri Basuki ◽  
Triana Uminingsih
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Stunting pada masa balita perlu mendapat perhatian khusus termasuk pada anak usia 24-36 bulan. Usia 24-36 bulan merupakan usia anak yang mengalami perkembangan pesat dalam kemampuan kognitif dan motorik. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kejadian stunting pada anak, antara lain karakteristik ibu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kontribusi karakteristik ibu terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 24-36 bulan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan di Desa Sendang Mulyo Minggir Sleman Yogyakarta. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 75 anak usia 24-36 bulan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data  bivariat menggunakan Chi Square dan Fisher Exact Test dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan ibu (p value=0,000), pengetahuan ibu (p value=0,022) dan pemberian ASI Ekslusif (p value=0,011) yang artinya terdapat hubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Sedangkan status pekerjaan ibu (p value=0,217) tidak signifikan berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat regresi linier menunjukkan hasil bahwa pendidikan ibu, status  pekerjaan ibu, pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi, dan pemberian ASI Ekslusif bersama-sama mempunyai kontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting sebesar 88,2%. Perlu peningkatan program multisektoral dengan melibatkan semua lapisan masyarakat untuk mengurangi kejadian stunting.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Congenitally Missing Permanent Teeth in Aseer, KSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Congenitally Missing Teeth ◽  
Congenitally Missing

Background: Hypodontia or congenitally missing teeth is among dental anomalies with different prevalence in each region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in Aseer region population. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was done. Panoramic radiographs of 1050 patients (370 girls and 680 boys), 12-40 years old, were collected. The radiographs were studied for evidence of congenitally missing teeth. Data were analyzed using Paired t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Fisher exact test and Chi-square test (0.05). Results: Prevalence of congenitally missing teeth was totally 7.42%. The most frequent congenitally missing teeth was mandibular second premolars (28.21%) followed by maxillary second premolars (25.64%). Upper jaw showed significantly higher number of congenitally missing teeth (P value 0.001). According to Chi-square test, congenital missing teeth were found approximately 7.42% in both females and males and there were no statistically significant difference between sexes (P 0.19). Conclusion: The prevalence of congenitally missing teeth (CMT) in Aseer region permanent dentition was 7.42%. The most common congenitally missing teeth were mandibular second premolar fallowed by maxillary second premolars.

scholarly journals Kaitan Pengetahuan dengan Respon Pengunjung Apotek terhadap Penolakan Pelayanan Pengobatan Mandiri dengan Antibiotik

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Eziah Ika Lubada ◽  
Ilil Maidatuz Zulfa ◽  
Octavia Eka Putri
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Pengobatan mandiri dengan antibiotik masih menjadi masalah di masyarakat Indonesia dimana sebagian besar sumber perolehan antibiotik adalah apotek. Beberapa apotek mungkin menolak memberikan antibiotik tanpa resep, namun angka pengobatan mandiri masih susah ditekan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan dan respon pengunjung apotek terhadap penolakan pelayanan antibiotik tanpa resep. Studi cross sectional di lakukan di Apotek Daerah Kebonsari Surabaya pada Januari-Februari 2020 menggunakan kuisioner untuk mengukur pengetahuan pengunjung apotek tentang antibiotik dan mengobservasi respon mereka apabila apotek menolak memberikan antibiotik tanpa resep. Pengetahuan responden diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga tingkatan dan dianalisis kaitannya dengan bentuk respon yang dipilih menggunakan Fisher exact test. Sebanyak 82 responden dilibatkan dalam penelitian dimana 64,63% berpengetahuan baik tentang antibiotik dan sisanya berpengetahuan cukup dan sebanyak 75,60% pernah melakukan pengobatan mandiri dengan antibiotik. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan pengalaman pengobatan mandiri antibiotik (p-value 0,068) namun tingkat pengetahuan tentang antibiotik berkorelasi dengan respon ketika mengalami penolakan pelayanan antibiotik tanpa resep (p-value 0,049). Responden yang berpengetahuan baik terhadap antibiotik cenderung memilih periksa ke dokter sedangkan yang berpengetahuan cukup cenderung memilih pergi ke apotek lain yang masih memberikan antibiotik tanpa resep. Peningkatan edukasi serta penguatan penerapan regulasi antibiotik di komunitas masih sangat diperlukan guna menekan pengobatan mandiri dengan antibiotik

scholarly journals Diastolic dysfunction in cases with Type II diabetes mellitus.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2040-2043
Author(s):  
Munir Ahmed ◽  
Abdul Hayee ◽  
Shahla Afsheen Memon ◽  
Ismail Salim Memon ◽  
Abdul Qayoom Memon
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: To determine the frequency of diastolic dysfunction in patients presenting with type II Diabetes Mellitus. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Period: From 01-01-2017 to 30-06-2017. Material & Methods: In this study the cases were selected via non probability consecutive sampling of both male and female gender with age more than 40 years having type II DM of at least more than 2 years were included. The cases suffering from type I DM, gestational DM and those with HTN, end stage kidney and liver failure were excluded. Trans thoracic echocardiography was done to label diastolic dysfunction and was labelled as yes when the E/A ratio was <0.8. The data was analysed using chi square test and p value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: In this study, 100 cases of type II DM were included with mean age of 51.31±7.89 years at presentation. There were 61% males and 39% females. Diastolic dysfunction was observed in 53% of the cases. There was no significant difference in terms of gender where it affected 56.41% of females with p= 0.92. Diastolic dysfunction was more in cases that had duration of DM more than 3 years affecting 48 (70.58%) cases with p= 0.001 and it was also significantly high in cases that had BMI more than 30 where it was seen in 40 (70.17%) of cases with p= 0.001. Conclusion: Diastolic dysfunction seen in half of the cases suffering from type II DM and it is significantly high in cases that had duration of DM more than 3 years and BMI more than 30.

scholarly journals Knowledge of pregnant women about anemia is related with adherence to iron tablets

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Baksono Winardi ◽  
Elga Caecaria Grahardika Andani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Almost All

Objectives: to identify association between knowledge of pregnant women about anemia and the adherence to consume iron tablets in BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, IndonesiaMaterials and Methods: Observational analysis cross sectional study. Population consisted of 55 trimester pregnant women in BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, in March-April 2017. Samples were recruited using consecutive sampling. The number of sample was 35 respondents. Data were analyzed using chi-square test.Results: This research showed that all of the less knowledgeable women on anemia (100.00%) were non-adherent to consume iron tablets, almost all moderately knowledgeable women (92.9%) were adherent, and all of the fully knowledgeable women (100.00%) were adherent. Fisher exact test in significance level of 0.05 revealed p value equal to 0.0001, indicating association between knowledge about anemia and adherence to consume iron tablets at BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, Indonesia.Conclusion: There is an association between knowledge of pregnant women about anemia with adherence to iron tablets.

scholarly journals Gambaran Pengetahuan Wanita Usia Subur Tentang Manfaat IVA Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Fardila Elba ◽  
Imma Kristy Nathalia
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Government ◽  
Low Coverage

The incidence of cervical cancer in Indonesia is quite high at 25.91%. Cervical cancer can be detected early with VIA test. VIA test is one of the first steps to detect abnormalities in the cervix. VIA test is an easy check, cheap, and can be done by the midwife. However, the coverage of VIA test in Indonesia is still low about 2.45% of the target coverage determined by the government that is 80%. The low coverage of VIA test screening in Indonesia is influenced by the low knowledge of women. Women's low knowledge will influence their participation in screening. This research uses cross-sectional method approach. The sample in this study is Women of Childbearing Age aged 15-49 years in the working area of Puskesmas Soreang. Sampling uses proportional stratified random sampling technique with a sample size of 76 respondents. Data analysis uses Fisher Exact Test. The results show that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude of WUS with p value = 0.000 (p > 0.005). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge and attitude of WUS on VIA test for early detection of cervical cancer.

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