scholarly journals GENDER DIVISION OF LABOUR AND POLYGAMY

ALQALAM ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Clear Statement ◽  
Gender Division Of Labour ◽  
Do So

The Indonesian patriarchal culture and gender inequality is reflected in state policies, regulations and laws. As a pluralistic country comprising of different ethnic groups with specific cultures and traditions, Indonesia has four formal religions: Islam, Christianity, Hindu and Buddhism. Because of this, Indonesian law reflects cultural and religious diversity, including customary law or Adat law, the Marriage Law of 1974 as well as civil and criminal law. Two serious concerns of Marriage Law of 1974 are in relation to gender division of labour and polygamy which undermine Indonesian Muslim women. This paper discusses such an issue to allow women to get equaliry before the law and highlights its contribution to domestic violence.There are two contradictory stipulations with respect to the Marriage Law of 1974: equality in marriage and gender division of labour within marriage. On the one  hand, Article 31 (1) and Article 3 3 clearly state that there is no difference between husband and wife with respect to their basic rights such as love; respect, or fidelity. On the other hand, both of these Articles are contradicted with other articles which  differentiate between a husband's and wife's responsibilities. For example, Article 31 (3) and Article 34 stipulate a clear division between the roles of husbands and wives within marriage. This has become a reference point for Indonesian views in determining gender relations in marriage.Marriage Law of 1974 still which supports gender division of labour between wife and husband should be revised by providing a clear statement that these roles are conditional. This means that husbands can be domestic carers including taking care of children if they have no jobs, while wives can be finacial providers or the head of household if they are capable to do so. In this context, gender roles can be exchanged and are not strictly for a certain gender.  

Sex in School

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-der Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Republican China ◽  
Moral Landscape ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Visual Materials ◽  
Anatomical Information ◽  
Gender Division Of Labour

Nearly two hundred volumes of physiology and hygiene textbooks, together with governmental and other materials, are investigated in this chapter to illuminate the intricacies in drawing the moral landscape pertinent to sex education in early republican China. Frequent revisions of official directives testify to the fast changing political and intellectual arena of China. Shifted emphases between reproductive functions and puberty sexuality exemplify the professionals’ uncertainties in getting to the early teens. Pedagogical publication boomed and writers experimented on both textual and visual materials. Bio-medicine was flagged as entrance to learning one’s own body, but a healthier nation promoted in the New Life Movement eventually relied on the individual’s self-discipline not necessarily required of scientific erudition. Some may have found secretion system more useful than anatomical information to integrate physiology, psychology and pathology into the mechanism of sexual differences, so much so that a gender division of labour was proposed to fulfill both personal responsibilities and to echo contemporary political rhetoric. Not all endorsed such elaboration, however, and the zigzag between sexual differences and gender equality became a noteworthy parallel to the tug-of-war between sexuality and reproduction.

The Millennial/Gen Z Leftists Are Emerging: Are Sociologists Ready for Them?

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-427
Author(s):  
Elaine Bell Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Do So

Sociology is being challenged by the new generation of students and scholars who have another view of society. Millennial/Gen Zs are the most progressive generation since the 1960s. We have had many opportunities to discuss and imagine power, diversity, and social change when we teach them in our classes or attend their campus events. Some Millennial/Gen Z believe, especially those in academia, that social scientists are tied to old theories and ideologies about race and gender, among other inconsistencies. These old ideas do not resonate with their views regarding equity. Millennials are not afraid to challenge the status quo. They do so already by supporting multiple gender and race identities. Several questions come to mind. How do we as sociologists with our sense of history and other issues such as racial and gender inequality help them along the way? Are we ready for this generation? Are they ready for us?

scholarly journals Do ESG Funds Deliver on Their Promises?

2021 ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Quinn Curtis ◽  
Jill Fisch ◽  
Adriana Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Department Of Labor ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Asset Managers ◽  
Do So

Corporations have received growing criticism for contributing to climate change, perpetuating racial and gender inequality, and failing to address other pressing social issues. In response to these concerns, shareholders are increasingly focusing on environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) criteria in selecting investments, and asset managers are responding by offering a growing number of ESG mutual funds. The flow of assets into ESG is one of the most dramatic trends in asset management. But are these funds giving investors what they promise? This question has attracted the attention of regulators, with the Department of Labor and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) both taking steps to rein in ESG funds. The change in administration has created an opportunity to rethink these steps, but the rapid growth and evolution of the market mean regulators are acting without a clear picture of ESG investing. We fill this gap by offering the most complete empirical overview of ESG mutual funds to date. Combining comprehensive data on mutual funds with proprietary data from the several of the most significant ESG ratings firms, we provide a unique picture of the current ESG environment with an eye to informing regulatory policy. We evaluate a number of criticisms of ESG funds made by academics and policymakers and find them lacking. We find that ESG funds offer their investors increased ESG exposure. They also vote their shares differently from non-ESG funds and are more supportive of ESG principles. Our analysis shows that they do so without increasing costs or reducing returns. We conclude that ESG funds generally offer investors a differentiated and competitive investment product that is consistent with their labeling. In short, we see no reason to single out ESG funds for special regulation.

scholarly journals Gendered Nationalism, Neo-Nomadism, and Ethnic-Based Exclusivity in Kyrgyz, Kazakh and Uzbek Nationalist Discourses

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 66-81
Author(s):  
Fabio Belafatti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Core ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Gender And Nationalism ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

Existing literature on gender and nationalism has postulated that nationalist narratives tend to convey patriarchal and restrictive views of gender roles, with women’s domesticity and subordination at the core of such interpretations. This paper tests this theory by looking at three examples of state-sponsored or state-produced communication in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, arguing that the simple existence of a regime’s nationalist ideological orientation is not per se sufficient to explain or anticipate the kind of gender narratives a regime will adopt. Instead, the paper calls for an analysis of internal political mechanisms and incentives in order to explain and anticipate the specific forms that discourses around gender will take in a given political environment. In order to do so, it tries to combine the rational choice-based “Selectorate Theory” (Bueno de Mesquita et al., 2003) with existing literature on nationalism and gender, to define a connection between political systems on the one hand and discourses on the other.

scholarly journals Fit to be a Man: Women's Perspectives and Gender Relations among the Zeme Nagas of Assam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The People ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Community Issues ◽  
And Gender

In many indigenous societies worldwide we are witnessing an increase in gender inequality. Men’s domination of women seems to be growing and women’s labour is now exploited. Zeme Naga women of Assam are lamenting the loss of support from their husbands and the burden of labour wives must take up as husbands abandon their responsibilities. Husbands are becoming more controlling. This thesis seeks to understand some of the reasons behind the decline in men’s reciprocal labour practices and the deterioration in what were once remembered as relatively egalitarian gender relations. By bringing critical, historical and feminist analyses to bear on the ethnographic data I attempt to show the ways in which women’s increasing sense of inequality is linked to Zemes’ growing marginalisation regionally and globally. I explore Zeme understandings of what makes a man ‘fit to be a man’ and the ways feminine and masculine identities engage the changes brought by colonialism and neo-colonialism. Women’s interests were once served by the Zeme patriarchal society. I found that women continue to expect reciprocal labour exchange that was based on social structures and practices that are now largely obsolete. Employing the notion of ‘hegemonic masculinity’ (Connell 2005a) it emerged that men’s earlier practices allowed an opportunity for nearly every man to achieve the Zeme ideals of masculinity which involved the demonstration of caring behaviour towards women and other members of the community. Masculinity was largely based on access to resources that men delivered to the community according to what the people were perceived to need. The notion of women and children as men’s ‘property’ entailed responsibility and self-sacrifice on behalf of men and a relatively equitable division of labour around child care. Indeed, the well-being of women and children was a constituent of Zeme normative masculinity. However, Zeme engagements with what may be termed the agents of ‘modernity’: economies, religions, agricultural projects, schooling and the creation of Statehood, have contributed to devaluing Zeme livelihoods and cosmologies. This has had significant repercussions for Zeme gender relations, which include relations among men, and is changing the direction of the pursuit of masculine ideals. I argue that these transformations have contributed to sidelining a core component of Zeme hegemonic masculinity, the ability to ‘provide what the people need’ as well as creating inequalities of opportunities for men to demonstrate ‘care’ in this way. On the other hand, these processes are also presenting new opportunities for women to contest men’s interests, and to make claims over community issues that were one avenues of prestige for men.

The Development of Statutory Marriage Law in Twentieth Century British Colonial Africa

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
East Africa ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Legislative Policy ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
English Law ◽  
The One

Professor Zabel has traced the genesis of the Gold Coast/Lagos Marriage Ordinance of 1884. This article will show the manner in which this Ordinance was to proliferate (subject to modifications in content and application) to all British territories between the Sahara and the Zambesi, with the one exception of the Gambia. The story is a complex one, to which full justice cannot be done in the scope of a single article, and it is also one which throws interesting light on the evolution of colonial legislative policy. It will, for example, be noted that the legislation was not imposed upon the territories as part of any formulated policy for the introduction of English-based marriage law to replace the indigenous customary law, nor was it brought in at the request of the missionaries in their desire to eradicate polygamy; indeed in some territories missionaries were highly critical of its introduction, fearing that it would deter Africans from Christian marriage. In fact, the initial impetus for its introduction came from the administrators in West and East Africa who merely wanted legislation which would get over shortcomings in the received English law, which in particular did not appear to cover marriages between non-Africans who were not British subjects.

Inventing London: Derrida's Legacies in Sally Potter's Yes and Anthony Minghella's Breaking and Entering

Derrida Today ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Natalie Diebschlag
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Writing Strategies ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
And Gender ◽  
City Of Refuge ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Do So

Taking Jacques Derrida's multi-faceted notion of invention as a common denominator of on the one hand artistic practice and, on the other, the writing strategies of deconstruction, this article investigates the ethics of cinematic expression in a reading of two examples of twenty-first-century British filmmaking, Sally Potter's Yes and Anthony Minghella's Breaking and Entering. Both films deploy the demographically diverse cityscape of contemporary London as the stage for their respective geopolitical concerns – that is, post-9/11 in the case of Yes and anxieties surrounding the EU expansion in the case Breaking and Entering – and set out to explore the destructive as well as the convivial possibilities of serendipitous encounters along cultural, social and gender divides. In so doing, they articulate a dual ontology, one which is situated in the reality of present-day politics and one which enacts the messianic structure of deconstruction. More importantly, they do so by reflecting on the transformative potential of invention, whether in the guise of literature, architecture, acrobatics, music or film. The first part of this article touches upon experimentalist features and themes in Yes and relates them to instances of Derridean ethics; the second part is more narrative-oriented and focuses on a parallel reading of Derrida's ‘On Cosmopolitanism’ and Minghella's portrayal of King's Cross, a north London area in transition, as a deconstruction of cosmopolitanism, that is an instantiation of the semi-concept of the city of refuge.

La Sociologia medica nel Regno Unito: costruire una tradizione di ricerca all'ombra del Servizio Pubblico Sanitario Nazionale

2012 ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
David Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Medical Sociology ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Research Division ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Funding Climate

British medical sociology emerged in the shadow of a publicly-funded National Health Service, and the need for evidence to support the development of policy and services. Although the initial focus was on applied problems, largely defined by the medical profession, a combination of permissive leadership in the early research centres and the desire of research administrators to widen research agendas, gave medical sociologists considerable latitude to developed distinctive research programmes. By the 1970s British medical sociologists were turning their attention to focused studies of interaction in health care settings, on the one hand, and professional power, structural interests, social disadvantage and gender, on the other. But this shift from applied empirical research to studies that drew more explicitly on sociological theory was halted and even reversed as the research funding climate changed, and the emphasis shifted to large multi-site, multi-disciplinary studies. While the ESRC still supports some basic social scientific research and medical sociologists also find work in multidisciplinary projects examining contemporary problems, sociological concepts are increasingly likely to be blended with concepts from other disciplines in final reports. British medical sociology is no longer an infant sub-discipline, but it still remains in many ways a marginal enterprise, uncertain of its identity and its place in the health research division of labour.

scholarly journals Jamaica Kincaid’s Lucy as a Narrative of Exile and Identity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWEJ for Translation & Literary Studies ◽  
Sayed Mohammed Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rite Of Passage ◽  
Hybrid Identity ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Cultural Displacement ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Apparent Resistance ◽  
Do So

Jamaica Kincaid's novel Lucy is an artist novel whose eponymous protagonist breaks away from such forces as colonial and patriarchal mores, which eventually contributes to her construction of her own hybrid identity and inaugurates her maturity. This struggle is established perfectly well through Lucy’s apparent resistance to the constraints primarily imposed on her race and gender at home by both her mother and the Eurocentric society on the one hand and the androcentric and racist society she encounters in diaspora on the other hand. Surprisingly enough, Lucy, who is chastened towards the end of the book, creates her rite of passage towards development and independence through her valiant efforts to overcome such confines at any cost. The aim of the present article is to analyse from a postcolonial perspective the protagonist’s quest for identity in diaspora, the obstacles she overcomes to do so and to what extent she is affected by her new culture. This is manifested through intertwining discussions of androcentrism, colonial and postcolonial rebellion with questions of identity, hybridity, diaspora and cultural displacement.

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