scholarly journals Reflexive metadiscourse in a corpus of Spanish bachelor dissertations in EFL

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Noelia Navarro Gil
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Academic English ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Learner Corpus ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Writing Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree ◽  
And Linguistics

Academic English has often been described as a reader-oriented discourse, in which the structure, objectives and claims are made explicit and carefully framed. Metadiscourse markers help to build coherence and cohesion, and allow writers to guide their readership through their texts. Spanish EFL learners often transfer part of their L1 writing culture into their L2 texts. This is problematic because academic Spanish tends to show a slightly more reader-responsible style, and academic texts call for a high degree of disciplinarity: learners not only have to be aware of the conventions of the L2 regarding metadiscourse, but also of their own discipline. This article explores the use of reflexive metadiscourse in a learner corpus of bachelor dissertations written in English by Spanish undergraduates in medicine and linguistics, and compares the results with an expert corpus of research articles. The results show that overall both corpora contain similar frequencies of textual metadiscourse, but this is only true when we look at the results according to discipline. In spite of this quantitative similarity, there are cases of overuse and underuse in the learner corpus that highlight features of the bachelor dissertations genre, on the one hand, and EFL Spanish writing, on the other hand.

scholarly journals Applying Corpus Data to Define Needs in Web Localization Training

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 998-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel ángel Jiménez-Crespo ◽  
Maribel Tercedor
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Learner Corpus ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
University Level ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

Localization is increasingly making its way into translation training programs at university level. However, there is still a scarce amount of empirical research addressing issues such as defining localization in relation to translation, what localization competence entails or how to best incorporate intercultural differences between digital genres, text types and conventions, among other aspects. In this paper, we propose a foundation for the study of localization competence based upon previous research on translation competence. This project was developed following an empirical corpus-based contrastive study of student translations (learner corpus), combined with data from a comparable corpus made up of an original Spanish corpus and a Spanish localized corpus. The objective of the study is to identify differences in production between digital texts localized by students and professionals on the one hand, and original texts on the other. This contrastive study allows us to gain insight into how localization competence interrelates with the superordinate concept of translation competence, thus shedding light on which aspects need to be addressed during localization training in university translation programs.

Use of signalling nouns in a learner corpus

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Flowerdew
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Abstract Noun ◽  
Learner Corpus ◽  
Cohesive Properties ◽  
Intuitive Idea ◽  
Argumentative Essays ◽  
The One ◽  
Error Types

Signalling nouns are nouns which have cohesive properties across and within clauses. A signalling noun is potentially any abstract noun the full meaning of which can only be made specific by reference to its context. Examples of nouns which can function as signalling nouns are attitude, assistance, difficulty, endurance, process, reason, result etc. Signalling nouns in discourse are closely associated with nominalisation and are problematic for learners. Based on a corpus of argumentative essays written by Cantonese L1 learners of English, this paper presents a taxonomy of error types and frequency data of the different error types in the use of signalling nouns. The paper then compares the average number of signalling nouns used per essay with grades awarded to the essays, on the one hand, and the numbers of signalling noun errors according to grades, on the other. In both cases there is a significant correlation. The findings confirm the intuitive idea that the use of signalling nouns adds to the overall coherence of a text.

scholarly journals XII. The kinetic theory of a gas constituted of spherically symmetrical molecules

1912 ◽  
Vol 211 (471-483) ◽  
pp. 433-483 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
The Real ◽  
Numerical Errors ◽  
Diffusion Of Knowledge ◽  
Descriptive Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical Reasons ◽  
High Degree

The principal kinetic theories of a gas proceed either on the hypothesis that the molecules are rigid elastic spheres, or that they are point centres of forces which vary inversely as the fifth power of the distance. Maxwell has worked out the consequences of the letter hypothesis in his well-known theory, which is unrivalled in its high degree of accuracy and (after some improvements by Boltzmann) in its perfection of mathematical form. All the quantities not taken account of in the theory (such as the time occupied by molecular encounters, and the effect of collisions in which more than two molecules take part) are properly negligible under ordinary conditions. The theory has the disadvantage, however, that the underlying hypothesis is highly artificial (being chosen chiefly on account of mathematical simplifications connected with it, rather than from any physical reasons), and does not represent the real facts at all adequately. The other hypothesis referred to seems to be much more in agreement with fact, but its consequences have been worked out less accurately. The method which has almost always been used is the one originally devised by Clausius and Maxwell; Maxwell abandoned it later, however, as it had “led him at times into grave error.” In spite of its apparent simplicity, numerical errors of large amount may undoubtedly creep in in a very subtle way. Hence the theory of a gas whose molecules are elastic spheres remains in a rather unsatisfactory state. As a “descriptive” theory (to use Meyer’s apt term) it has, however, served a useful purpose; the general laws of gaseous phenomena have been developed by its aid in an elementary way, which has conduced to a wider diffusion of knowledge of the kinetic theory than would have been possible if the sole line of development had been by the more mathematical and accurate methods used by Maxwell and Boltzmann.

A comparative study of introductory it in research articles across eight disciplines

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Academic English ◽  
Disciplinary Differences ◽  
Form Function ◽  
And Linguistics

This paper presents a corpus-based analysis of the form, function, and frequency of introductory it plus that-clause and to-clause complementation. These structures are said to be particularly important in academic English. We examined disciplinary variation in 288 research articles across eight disciplines, four science and four non-science — Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Environmental Science, Business, Language and Linguistics, Law, and Public and Social Administration. We examined all 6,008 occurrences of it, recorded 110 different forms of the patterns, and investigated function. Results indicate that Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Science writers used the structures significantly less frequently than non-science writers, while Law used them more often. Numerous other statistically significant disciplinary differences were found. Conclusions are that the structure performs the important functions of evaluating the likelihood or validity of propositions, evaluating or commenting on the difficulty of procedures and evaluating or commenting on the necessity of procedures.

scholarly journals ON THE PROBLEM OF INVOLVING TEACHERS IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Светлана Ивановна Поздеева
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Educational Content ◽  
Educational Innovations ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
High Degree

Ставится вопрос о том, как вовлекать преподавателей педагогического университета в исследовательскую деятельность и применять результаты этой деятельности в образовательном процессе вуза. Показано, чем вовлеченность как высшее проявление субъектности человека отличается от активности. Выделены два уровня вовлеченности: уровень участия в деятельности и уровень влияния на ее содержание, протекание и результаты. Обоснованы сложности, возникающие у преподавателя, который пытается продолжать заниматься наукой после защиты диссертации. Это противоречие между высокой степенью исследовательской свободы и автономности, с одной стороны, и необходимостью ответственности и самоорганизации в исследовательском поиске – с другой. Выделены факторы, определяющие вовлеченность в исследование: исследовательская «зоркость», участие в образовательных инновациях и изучение их эффектов, постоянная обратная связь педагога со студентами для корректировки профессиональных проб и усиления их образовательных результатов. Делается вывод о необходимости и возможности преподавателей влиять на формирование актуальной научной повестки и тем самым обогащать образовательное содержание профессиональной подготовки будущих педагогов. The question is raised about how to involve teachers of a pedagogical University in research activities and apply the results of this activity in the educational process of the University. It is shown how involvement as the highest manifestation of human subjectivity differs from activity. Two levels of involvement are identified: the level of participation in the activity and the level of influence on its content, course and results. The author substantiates the difficulties that arise for a teacher who tries to continue studying science after defending his dissertation. This is a contradiction between a high degree of research freedom and autonomy, on the one hand, and the need for responsibility and self-organization in research search, on the other. The factors that determine involvement in research are highlighted: research “vigilance”, participation in educational innovations and studying their effects, constant feedback from the teacher with students to adjust professional tests and enhance their educational results. The author draws attention to the fact that one’s own research trajectory can be interpreted as a kind of educational trajectory of a University teacher. It is concluded that it is necessary and possible for teachers to influence the formation of a relevant scientific agenda for them and thereby enrich the educational content of professional training of future teachers.

scholarly journals AUTHOR’S SELF-REPRESENTATION IN RESEARCH ARTICLES BY ANGLOPHONE AND SLOVAK LINGUISTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milada Walková
Keyword(s):  
Academic Culture ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The One ◽  
Communicative Exchange ◽  
The Given

The tension between the need to present oneself in academic discourse unobtrusively on the one hand and promotionally on the other hand results in a range of options of hiding and revealing authorial presence in the text. The choice from among these options is, among other factors, determined by cultural background. This paper explores how Anglophone writers and Slovak authors writing in Slovak and in non-native English position themselves in linguistic research papers as individuals or as part of a society, and as participants or non-participants of the given communicative exchange. The study concludes that English academic culture is largely individualistic while Slovak academic culture is largely collectivist, a trait that Slovak authors also transmit into their writing in English for a mainly local audience.

scholarly journals Geneza i początki Studium Słowiańskiego UJ

LingVaria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 11-33
Author(s):  
Mirosław Skarżyński
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Communist Government ◽  
The One ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Slavic Studies

The Origin and Early Years of the Slavic Institute of the Jagiellonian UniversityIn 1925, the Slavic Institute was opened at the Jagiellonian University with a view to educate experts in Slavic studies. The intention was for the studies to be interdisciplinary, it was planned to create departments not only in literary studies and linguistics, but covering a possibly wide range of disciplines. The idea of the Study was born not in the academic milieu, but among politicians. The intention was to create an institution which, on the one hand, would educate Poles about Slavdom, and on the other, would win Poland sympathizers in other countries by inviting young people from Slavic countries and making it possible for them to study in Cracow. It was also planned that Polish graduates of the Institute would be given scholarships to various Slavic countries. Another goal of the Institute was to prevent Czechoslovakia from dominating Slavdom. Due to the economic situation of Poland in late 1920s and early 1930s, the project was implemented only partially. The contribution of the Institute to the development of Slavic studies in Poland, however, is unqestionable, especially in the field of personnel education. The Institute was closed in 1951, as part of the reform of higher education that was undertaken by the communist government and destroyed the academic milieu in Poland.

Protective Effect of Warfarin in Arterial Thrombosis: Evidence from a Vascular Prosthesis Model in Rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (04) ◽  
pp. 821-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ine Reyers ◽  
Giovanni de Gaetano ◽  
Maria Benedetta Donati
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Vascular Prosthesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antithrombotic Effect ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wall Interaction ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree

SummaryThree different schedules of treatment with warfarin were studied in rats bearing a polyethylene cannula in their abdominal aorta. The time of occlusion of the vascular prosthesis was significantly prolonged when warfarin was started 24 hr previously, at the time of loop insertion or 24 hr later. When the drug treatment was started 24 hr before insertion of the loop, however, a high degree of toxicity was observed. The animals of this group that died of hemorrhage had significantly lower mean thrombotest levels.On the other hand, the correlation between occlusion of the loop and level of anticoagulation was not as simple as one might anticipate; on the one hand, severe anticoagulation did not protect all of the rats from loop occlusion, but, on the other hand, recovery from hypocoagulability was not always immediately followed by occlusion of the loop.In order to better elucidate the mechanism of the antithrombotic effect of warfarin, we also assessed the effect of the drug on platelet-vessel wall interaction by the template bleeding time. A close association existed between warfarin-induced hypocoagulability and prolongation of the bleeding time.These observations may constitute the experimental basis for a better understanding of the antithrombotic effect of warfarin in some arterial diseases and in myocardial infarction.

Operation and Efficiency of Automatically Operating Weir Structures – A Contribution to Cleaner Waters

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 1211-1221
Author(s):  
E. Macke
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Constant Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Low Head ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Receiving Water

The automatically operating weir structures presented are simple, largely maintenance-free structures which, when used as control elements in storm overflows, offer considerable advantages over the fixed weir sills. Irrespective of the intensity of rainfalls, these weirs do not discharge any surplus water into the receiving water, unless a maximum possible water level has been reached, which is then maintained at a virtually constant level until the floods subside. The maximum possible water level, the so-called impounding head, will be determined in such a way that, on the one hand, the sewer capacity will be fully utilized, and, on the other, any undesirable backwater in the sewer system can be precluded. The weirs are not only suited for installation in new structures, but may also be integrated in existing ones. Time and cost consuming constructional measures can be dispensed with, as the weirs can, owing to their configuration - they are composed of individual segments - be passed through the existing manholes. They allow considerable additional sewer capacities to be activated, in particular in low-head sewer systems, so that the installation of high-cost retaining basins, which normally require a high degree of maintenance, can either be limited or dispensed with altogether. As the receiving water will be affected only when a given impounding head has been reached, the amount of combined sewage discharged can be reduced to a minimum.

Approaches and Tools to Optimize and Manage Clinical Processes

2011 ◽  
pp. 39-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Herrler ◽  
Christian HeIne
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distributed Scheduling ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Agent Based Simulation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree

There are several continuing challenges within the health-care domain. On the one hand, there is a greater need for individualized, patient-oriented processes in diagnostics, therapy, nursing, and administration; and on the other hand, hospitals have extremely distributed decision processes and strong local (individual) autonomy with a high degree of situational dynamics. This research focuses on how to optimize processes in hospitals by using agent-based simulation and agent-based information systems that can substantially increase the efficiency of hospital process management. In particular, we describe a methodology for optimization; the ingredients of the simulation and the architecture of a management system; and the integration of existing FIPA, DICOM, and HL7 standards. We discuss example scenarios to show how simulation can improve distributed scheduling and how agent-based systems can be used to manage “clinical trials.” This research is part of the German Priority Research Program (SPP) 1083 “Intelligent Agents and their application in business scenarios.”

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