scholarly journals Prevalence of gastric ulcer syndrome in horses with different exercise intensity

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (102) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
O. Stefanyk ◽  
L. Slivinska
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Mucosal Defect ◽  
Gastric Endoscopy ◽  
And Training

Gastric ulcers or equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a common pathology in horses of different breeds. The objective of our research work was to investigate and determine the prevalence and severity of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) in population of n = 28 riding horses with periods of physical activity and training intensity. Two breeds were presented in this study: English Thoroughbred (n = 15) and Ukrainian riding horse (n = 13). Horses were two age groups 3–7 and 8–16 years, including 17 mares and 11 geldings. Gastric endoscopy was performed as a diagnostic tool using a 3m video endoscope. Mucosal defects was evaluated using grading system proposed by (Equine Gastric Ulcer Council 0–4 grading system)  ranging from 0 (normal mucosa with no lesions) to 4 (diffuse ulceration of mucosa with deep lesions). The study was conducted in two periods. Each period is related to different workload with mixed intensity in exercise during training program. The results of gastroscopic examination of the stomach indicate the prevalence of EGUS in 35.7 % during the first stage in horses with mild training. The severity of mucosal defect during this period which were related to grade 1 was shown in 10.7 % of horses, 2 – 21.4 %, 3 – 10.7 % and 4 – 0 %. Difference in results was found in the presence and severity of gastric ulcers between two periods in this study. During period of intermediate training the prevalence of EGUS was 46.4 % with severity of mucosal defect grade 1 presented in 14.2 % of affected horses, 2 – 28.5 %, 3 – 14.2 % and 4 – 3.5 %. Ulcerations on squamous gastric mucosa was diagnosed  more often during each period (35.7 – 50 %) compare to glandular (7.1 – 10.7 %). The study confirms association between training intensity and gastric ulceration in two breed of horses. The prevalence and severity is dependent of the training intensity.

scholarly journals Optimized Ellagic Acid–Ca Pectinate Floating Beads for Gastroprotection against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil A. Alhakamy ◽  
Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin ◽  
Osama A. A. Ahmed ◽  
Abdulrahman A. Halwani ◽  
Hibah M. Aldawsari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameter ◽  
Mucosal Defect ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

A peptic ulcer is an alimentary tract injury that leads to a mucosal defect reaching the submucosa. This work aimed to optimize and maximize ellagic acid (EA) loading in Ca pectinate floating beads to maximize the release for 24 h. Three factors were selected: Ca pectinate concentration (X1, 1–3 w/v %), EA concentration (X2, 1–3 w/v %) and the dropping time (X3, 10–30 min). The factorial design proposed eight formulations. The optimized EA–Ca pectinate formulation was evaluated for the gastric ulcer index and the oxidative stress parameter determination of gastric mucosa. The results indicated that the optimum EA–Ca pectinate formula significantly improved the gastric ulcer index in comparison with raw EA. The protective effect of the optimized EA–Ca pectinate formula was further indicated by the histopathological features of the stomach. The results of the study indicate that an EA formulation in the form of Ca pectinate beads would be effective for protection against gastric ulcers because of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) administration.

Perfil Epidemiológico de Pacientes Submetidos à Biópsia Gástrica em um Hospital Escola do Sul de Minas Gerais/ Epidemiological Profile of Patients Undergo Gastric Biopsy in a School Hospital of Minas Gerais

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Isabela Maria A. Ribeiro Simões ◽  
Ana Carolina Mauad Coli ◽  
Roseane de Souza Candido Irulegui
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Gastric Biopsy ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de lesões benignas e neoplasia gástrica através do estudo de biópsias realizadas em um Hospital Escola do Sul de Minas Gerais, no período entre 2007 e 2011. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa documental foi quantitativa e retrospectiva, baseada na análise dos registros de biópsias e prontuários. Realizou-se o levantamento de dados referentes à idade, gênero, cor, profissão, diagnóstico histopatológico e presença de Helicobacter pylori nas amostras. Resultados: O número total de biópsias gástricas analisadas foi de 1225, cujo perfil populacional encontrado foi: idade média de 56,75 anos, sexo masculino (52%), cor branca (81,9 %), aposentado (30%). Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram: gastrites (71,9%), pólipos (14,2%), adenocarcinomas (5,9%), úlceras gástricas (6%), linfomas (0,4%), sem alterações (0,4%) e outros (1,2%). Em outros, encontram-se achados de malignidade, metaplasia e xantelasma gástrico. Em relação à presença de Helicobacter pylori nas amostras, o resultado encontrado foi de24% positivas, 46% negativas e 30% não pesquisadas. Conclusão: Os resultados confirmam a alta frequência das doenças gástricas e sua incidência nas diversas faixas etárias, além do envolvimento do H. pylori em tais afecções. É de grande importância a caracterização dos dados epidemiológicos, o que permite prováveis direcionamentos para programas de prevenção e informação para a população. Palavras-chave: biópsia gástrica, gastropatia, perfil epidemiológico.  ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the prevalence of benign lesions and gastric cancer through study of biopsies performed at a school hospital in southern Minas Gerais, in the period between 2007 and 2011.Materials and Methods: The research was quantitative and retrospective, based on analysis of biopsies records and medical records. We conducted the survey data regarding age, sex, color, profession, histopathological diagnosis and the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the samples. Results: The total number of gastric biopsies analyzed was 1225. Population listing was found: mean age of 56.75 years, male (52%), white (81.9%), retired (30%). The most frequent diagnoses were gastritis (71.9%), polyps (14.2%), adenocarcinomas (5.9%), gastric ulcers (6%), lymphoma (0.4%), unchanged (0, 4%) and others (1.2%). In others, there are: findings of malignancy, metaplasia, gastric xanthelasma. Regarding the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the sample, the result was: 24% positive, 46% negative, 30% non searched. Conclusion: The results confirm the high frequency of gastric diseases and their incidence in the various age groups additionally to the involvement of H. pylori in such conditions. It is of great importance to characterize the epidemiological data, allowing probable directions for prevention and information programs for population. Keywords: gastric biopsy, gastropathy, epidemiological profile

scholarly journals Optimized Self-Nanoemulsifying Delivery System Based on Plant-Derived Oil Augments Alpha-Lipoic Acid Protective Effects Against Experimentally Induced Gastric Lesions

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932582110012
Author(s):  
Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin ◽  
Usama A. Fahmy ◽  
Hibah M. Aldawsari ◽  
Osama A. A. Ahmed ◽  
Nabil A. Alhakamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Mucosal Defect ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 200

Peptic ulcer disease is an injury of the alimentary tract that leads to a mucosal defect reaching the submucosa. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a natural potent antioxidant, has been known as a gastroprotective drug yet its low bioavailability may restrict its therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to formulate and optimize ALA using a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) with a size of nano-range, enhancing its absorption and augmenting its gastric ulcer protection efficacy. Three SNEDDS components were selected as the design factors: the concentrations of the pumpkin oil (X1, 10–30%), the surfactant tween 80 (X2, 20–50%), and the co-surfactant polyethylene glycol 200 (X3, 30–60%). The experimental design for the proposed mixture produced 16 formulations with varying ALA-SNEDDS formulation component percentages. The optimized ALA-SNEDDS formula was investigated for gastric ulcer protective effects by evaluating the ulcer index and by the determination of gastric mucosa oxidative stress parameters. Results revealed that optimized ALA-SNEDDS achieved significant improvement in gastric ulcer index in comparison with raw ALA. Histopathological findings confirmed the protective effect of the formulated optimized ALASNEDDS in comparison with raw ALA. These findings suggest that formulation of ALA in SNEDDS form would be more effective in gastric ulcer protection compared to pure ALA.

scholarly journals Functional Translation of Exercise Responses from Exercise Testing to Exercise Training: The Test of a Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Tristan Tyrrell ◽  
Jessica Pavlock ◽  
Susan Bramwell ◽  
Cristina Cortis ◽  
Scott T. Doberstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Cardiovascular Drift ◽  
And Training

Exercise prescription based on exercise test results is complicated by the need to downregulate the absolute training intensity to account for cardiovascular drift in order to achieve a desired internal training load. We tested a recently developed generalized model to perform this downregulation using metabolic equivalents (METs) during exercise testing and training. A total of 20 healthy volunteers performed an exercise test to define the METs at 60, 70, and 80% of the heart rate (HR) reserve and then performed randomly ordered 30 min training bouts at absolute intensities predicted by the model to achieve these levels of training intensity. The training HR at 60 and 70% HR reserve, but not 80%, was significantly less than predicted from the exercise test, although the differences were small. None of the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) values during training were significantly different than predicted. There was a strong overall correlation between predicted and observed HR (r = 0.88) and RPE (r = 0.52), with 92% of HR values within ±10 bpm and 74% of RPE values within ±1 au. We conclude that the generalized functional translation model is generally adequate to allow the generation of early absolute training loads that lead to desired internal training loads.

scholarly journals The Use of GIS Technology to Optimize COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution: A Case Study of the City of Warsaw, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5636
Author(s):  
Sylwia Krzysztofowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Osińska-Skotak
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Vaccination Site ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Vaccine Distribution ◽  
The City

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge, and the key to tackling it is vaccinating a specified percentage of the population to acquire herd immunity. The observed problems with the efficiency of the vaccination campaigns in numerous countries around the world, as well as the approach used at the initial stage of the National Immunization Program in Poland, prompted us to analyse the possibility of using GIS technology to optimize the distribution of vaccines to vaccination sites so as to minimize the period needed to vaccinate individual population groups. The research work was carried out on the example of Warsaw, the capital of Poland and the city with the largest population in the country. The analyses were carried out for the 60–70 and 50–60 age groups, in various approaches and for vaccines of different companies (Moderna, BioNTech, AstraZeneca), used to vaccinate people in Poland. The proposed approach to optimize vaccine distribution uses Thiessen’s tessellation to obtain information on the number of people in a given population group living in the area of each vaccination site, and then to estimate the time needed to vaccinate that group. Compared to the originally used vaccination scenario with limited availability of vaccines, the proposed approach allows practitioners to design fast and efficient distribution scenarios. With the developed methodology, we demonstrated ways to achieve uniform vaccination coverage throughout the city. We anticipate that the proposed approach can be easily automated and broadly applied to various urban settings.

scholarly journals Management of Giant Gastric Ulcer Perforation: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Nitin Vashistha ◽  
Dinesh Singhal ◽  
Gurpreet Makkar ◽  
Suneel Chakravarty ◽  
Vivek Raj
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Surgical Options

Giant gastric ulcer (GGU) is defined as an ulcer more than 3 cm in diameter. Now infrequent in clinical practice, in the pre-H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) era, the incidence of GGU varied between 12 and 24% of all gastric ulcers. Proton pump inhibitors reportedly achieve better healing rates and symptom relief in comparison to H2RA. The GGU is associated with high incidence of serious complications such as hemorrhage. A perforated GGU though rare (<2%) offers serious challenges in management. We report one such case wherein the role of multidetector CT scan (MDCT) for diagnosis and treatment planning, surgical options for GGU perforations, and factors affecting outcome are discussed.

Role of nuclear factor-κB in gastric ulcer healing in rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (6) ◽  
pp. G1296-G1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Takahashi ◽  
Takuya Fujita ◽  
Akira Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Ulcer Healing ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Gastric Ulcer Healing

We investigated the role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in gastric ulcer healing in rats. NF-κB was activated in ulcerated tissue but not in normal mucosa, and the level of the activation was decreased with ulcer healing. NF-κB activation was observed in fibroblasts, monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils. Treatment of gastric fibroblasts, isolated from the ulcer base, with interleukin-1β activated NF-κB and the subsequently induced cyclooxygenase-2 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) mRNA expression. Inhibition of activated NF-κB action resulted in suppression of both their mRNA expression and increases in PGE2 and CINC-1 levels induced by interleukin-1β. Persistent prevention of NF-κB activation caused an impairment of ulcer healing in rats. Gene expression of interleukin-1β, CINC-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in ulcerated tissue had been inhibited before the delay in ulcer healing became manifest. The increased levels of cyclooxygenase-2 protein and PGE2 production were also reduced. These results demonstrate that NF-κB, activated in ulcerated tissue, might upregulate the expression of healing-promoting factors responsible for gastric ulcer healing in rats.

scholarly journals The reasons of dropout of sport in Hong Kong school athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Rahman Hassan ◽  
Michael Huen Sum Lam ◽  
Susanna Ku ◽  
William Ho Cheung Li ◽  
Ka Yiu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
And Training

Dropout of sport is an issue in sport and public health domains. The aim of this study was to identify the potential dropout reasons of school athletes and to examine if their perception of dropout was affected by the previous dropout experience. There were 50 subjects who were divided into two groups based on their previous dropout experience (Dropout Group=22, No Dropout Group=28). They filled a questionnaire about potential dropout reasons of the current sport. Coach and teammates were two predominated reasons of dropout; Influence of parent and training seemed to affect the termination of the sport to a lesser extent. Moreover, the perception of social value and lost focus were significantly different between two groups. Character of coach and teammates affect the engagement of training in school athletes. However, the parental influence had less influence than expected. Training intensity played little role as the dropout reason. Previous experience of dropout had an impact of potential dropout reasons on their current sport training.

Effect of training on plasma myeloperoxidase concentrations measured before and following intense exercise in Thoroughbred racehorses

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Fonseca ◽  
D.A. Kenny ◽  
B.A. McGivney ◽  
B.A. Murphy ◽  
E.W. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
And Training

Exercise in horses induces neutrophil degranulation and subsequent increases in plasma myeloperoxidase concentrations (MPO). It is not known whether this response is affected by training or the sampling time in relation to exercise. Our objective was to evaluate plasma MPO concentration at different time points in response to exercise in Thoroughbreds before and following high-intensity training and to evaluate relationships between plasma MPO concentration, physiological measurements and performance. Throughbred racehorses in active training and racing (n=26) performed an exercise test on a high-speed treadmill at least once at the beginning (first three months), middle (second three months) or end (last three months) of a nine month training period with training intensity (number of fast work sessions) collated for each period. Heart rate, speed and distance were recorded and venous blood collected before (T0), during and up to maximal speed (TVmax), 5 min (T5min) and 4 h (T4h) following exercise for measurement of plasma lactate, serum creatine kinase concentration, plasma MPO concentration, white blood count (WBC), neutrophil count (Neut), lymphocyte count and neutrophil percentage (%Neut). WBC increased above T0 values at all sampling points with no training effect. Neut and %Neut increased above T0 values at T4h, while values at TVmax, T5min and T4h increased as training duration increased. Plasma MPO concentration increased above T0 values at all sampling points in response to exercise with all values increasing as training duration increased. Training intensity did not affect any of the measurements, correlations were not identified between any of the biological markers including MPO and physiological and training measurements and no differences were identified between elite versus non-elite horses. It was concluded that plasma MPO concentration is affected by exercise and training duration, and that further investigation of plasma MPO as an assessor of fitness and readiness for competition is warranted.

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