scholarly journals Monitoring of the epizootic situation sheep strongyloidiasis on Ukrainian territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (103) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
S. Sorokova
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
State Research Institute ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intensity Of Invasion

One of the reasons that reduce the efficiency of sheep breeding development and lead to significant economic losses of the industry in Ukraine and the world is helminthic diseases, particularly strongyloidiasis caused by parasitic nematodes. Strongyloides parasitize in the small intestine of animals and lead to slow growth and development of young sheep, diarrhea, anemia, ataxia. At the high intensity of invasion - animals can die. The study aimed to analyze monitoring studies on the prevalence of strongyloidiasis in sheep in Ukraine based on statistical data of the reporting documentation of the State Research Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary Sanitary Examination during 2016–2020. Studies have shown that helminthiasis of sheep is a common invasion in farms of various forms of ownership in Ukraine, where the extent of the invasion ranged from 1.44 to 3.27 %. The share of helminthiasis of the digestive tract of sheep from the total number of detected helminthiasis reaches 84.21 %. The most common of the helminthiases of the gastrointestinal tract were nematodes; their share was 63.07 %. Trematodes and cestodes were diagnosed less frequently; their share among helminthiases of the digestive tract was 35.05 and 1.88 %, respectively. It was found that among the nematodes of the digestive tract parasitizing in sheep in Ukraine, the largest share was strongylidosis, in particular bunostomosis, nematodyrosis, hemonchosis (65.20 %), and strongyloidiasis (33.92 %). A smaller proportion were esophagostomosis (0.74 %) and trichurosis (0.14 %). Indicators of prevalence were: for strongylidosis (bunostomosis, nematodyrosis, hemonchosis) – 10.98 %, for strogiloidiasis – 4.48 %, for esophagostomosis – 0.42 %, for trichurosis – 0.21 %. In terms of years, the rates of damage to sheep by the causative agent of strongyloidiasis fluctuated significantly with the increasing prevalence of strongyloidiasis invasion during 2019–2020. Indicators of infestation of sheep with the causative agent of strongyloidiasis during the study period in Ukraine were at the level of 1.91 % (2018) to 16.14 % (2019). The data we obtained testify to the urgency of the problem of nematodes, particularly strongyloidiasis of sheep in Ukrainian farms, and lead to more thorough research on epizootological, biological features of the causative agent strongyloidiasis and the introduction of effective treatment and prevention measures.

scholarly journals Epizootic situation and peculiarity the course nematodes of the digestive canal of sheep of the in the conditions of economies Kyev region

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
V. MELNYCHUK ◽  
A. Antipov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Effective Cost ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Selection Of

Nematodoses of the sheep’s digestive tract is distributed both in Ukraine and abroad. Pathogens of these diseases in the form of monoinvasions, as well as associative with other invasive diseases, cause sheep farms considerable economic losses. Systematic monitoring studies that are carried out to establish a helminthofauna specific to a particular region are a key to successful control of parasitic diseases. Information on the species composition of pathogens causing invasive diseases in animals in the territory of a certain region, allows us to conduct scientifically based selection of drugs and to conduct effective, cost-based treatment and prevention measures. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to establish the distribution of nematodoses of the digestive canal of sheep and their peculiarities in the conditions of sheep farms in the territory of the Kyiv region (Central region of Ukraine). The research was conducted in conditions of sheep farms in the Kyiv region (Baryshivka, Bila Tserkva, Zghurivka, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, Skvyra, Tarashcha, Fastiv and Yahotyn districts). Helminthoscopy of fecal samples was performed using the McMaster’s method. As a result of scatoscopy diagnostics of sheep, a considerable distribution of nematodoses of the digestive canal was established on the territory of the Kyiv region (the severity of the invasion was 48.79 %). According to the morphological features of eggs isolated from faeces of sick animals, parasitization of nematodes from three sequences was established: Strongylata (38.98 %), Trichocephalata (33.36 %), and Rhabditata (27.66 %). It was registered that the sheep farming of the Bila Tserkva, Yahotyn and Zghurivka districts (EI – 61.49, 59.73 and 54.17 % respectively) were the most unfavorable for nematodoses of the digestive tract. The disease was registered in the form of both mono- and mixinvasions. The associative course of diseases (75.03 % of the total number of diseased animals) was dominant with two-, three-, four-, and five-component associations of sheep parasite pathogens (47.63, 35.47, 11.50 and 5.40 % in accordance). It has been established that nematodoses of the digestive canal of sheep (strongylates of the digestive canal, strongyloides and trichiuruses) are in the composition of mixinvasions, the sympathizers of which are: eimeries, moniezies, and melofagoses in various combinations. Key words: nematodoses, strongylatoses of the digestive canal, trichiuruses, strongyloides, scatoscopy research.

scholarly journals Morphological identification of Nematodirus spathiger nematodes (Nematoda, Molineidae) obtained from the small intestine of sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
V. Melnychuk ◽  
V. Yevstafieva ◽  
M. Pishchalenko ◽  
O. Reshetylo ◽  
A. Antipov
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Delayed Growth

Strongyloidiases are caused by nematodes of the suborder Strongylida and are the most widely prevalent group of gastrointestinal helminthiases of sheep in many regions of the world. Among gastrointestinal strongylids, the helminths of the genus Nematodirus are represented by the largest number of species and highest infection rates in sheep. Nematodirosis causes significant economic losses in the sheep industry through decreased sheep productivity, delayed growth and development of young animals, and a reduced resistance to other diseases. Timely and accurate diagnosis of nematodirosis and identification of the pathogen will effectively prevent the disease and help to carry out treatment and prevention measures. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the definitive morphometric characters of mature males and females of Nematodirus spathiger Railliet, 1896, obtained from the small intestine of domestic sheep. The results of experimental studies showed that nematodes of this species morphologically are characterized by a thin filiform body, a vesicle at the head end and a chitinous tooth in a short oral capsule. The differential morphological features of male nematodes of N. spathiger include specifics of the structure of spicules, their distal end and the shape and location of the rays of the caudal bursa; in females, those are the features of the structure of the vulva and tail end. In identification of male nematodes of N. spathiger, it is proposed to use 40 metric parameters, of which 11 characterize the overall size of the body, esophagus and vesicles, 24 refer to the size of the tail bursa, 5 to the size of the spicules and the enveloping membrane. To help identify the females of N. spathiger, 25 parameters are chosen, of which 14 also characterize the overall size of the body, esophagus and head vesicle, 6 refer to the size of the cuticular formations of the vulva and its location, and 5 to the size of the tail end, the location of the anus and the size of the tail spike.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF POULTRY INFECTIOUS ENCEPHALOMYELITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
I. K. Avdosieva ◽  
O. I. Chaikovska ◽  
O. B. Basarab ◽  
V. V. Regenchuk
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Effective Diagnosis

Significant economic losses to poultry farms are caused by infectious, especially viral diseases, including infectious avian encephalomyelitis (IAE). A possible threat to the profitability of the poultry industry in Ukraine at present is the epizootic disadvantage of poultry infectious encephalomyelitis. Economic losses from IAE include losses from increased poultry death, reduced productivity, hatchability of chickens, additional costs for disease prevention and elimination. Quick and effective diagnosis of the disease, in this case, makes it possible to predict the development of the epizootic process, assess possible economic losses, timely and correctly develop a plan of treatment and prevention measures. Permanent immunity is formed after the disease (again, the poultry is usually not sick), as well as during vaccination. The only effective method of IAE prevention is preventive vaccination of parent flocks and laying hens with live vaccine before laying eggs (in immune herds of laying hens, the virus is not transmitted vertically). In Ukraine, live - mono and combined vaccines have been registered for the specific prevention of IAE, including: mono- vaccines - 5 (45.4 %) and combined - 6 (54.6 %). During selective serological monitoring of blood sera of poultry eggs from some poultry farms of Ukraine for the presence of antibodies to the IAE virus of poultry, different levels of average titers were found. In total, the blood sera of laying hens from 34 batches from 15 poultry farms were tested for the presence of medium antibodies to the IAE virus. Medium antibody titers in poultry that were vaccinated with live IEM vaccines once at the age of 62-70 days ranged from 999 to 12785. Below the baseline, medium titers were found in 2 batches, namely among birds aged 13 and 22 weeks. When determining the effectiveness of the vaccine VIR 110, Biovak (Israel), which was used on 29 batches of laying hens, it was found that the average titers to IAE virus ranged from 222 to 10520. Moreover, the average titers of antibodies to IAE were below baseline (from 5000 - 12,000) among birds of 3 batches at 13, 15, and 45 weeks of age, which is 10.3 %. The effectiveness of the vaccine VIR 110 (Biovac) against IAE was 89,7 %. Continuous serological monitoring is necessary to monitor the effectiveness of IAE vaccinations and the epizootic welfare of poultry.

scholarly journals ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ОЦІНКА КОПРОСКОПІЧНИХ МЕТОДІВ ДІАГНОСТИКИ КРИПТОСПОРИДІОЗУ ВЕЛИКОЇ РОГАТОЇ ХУДОБИ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
M.M. Danko ◽  
O.L. Tishyn ◽  
R.V. Khomyak
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Appetite Loss ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts

Cryptosporidiosis in cattle is a significant problem in most countries with intensive livestock, causing significant economic losses. The disease manifests appetite loss, depression, diarrhea, decreased growth, weight loss, retarded growth, and in some cases – death of sick animals. Equally important in the complex treatment and prevention of bovine cryptosporidiosis owned laboratory diagnostics, which allows early disease promptly detect and identify the pathogen. The article presents data on comparative assessment of three coprological methods of laboratory diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in cattle. For this purpose, selected 10 samples of feces from calves infected with Cryptosporidium parvum, which added saline and were centrifuged. From the resulting suspension made smears and painted over by azure–eosin (by Giemsa) karbol–fuchsin (by Ziehl–Neelsen) safranine (by Kester). The results of the research identifying the lowest Cryptosporidium oocysts obtained by staining smears azure–eosin. Most effective method of detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts in cattle was staining method strokes by Kester. Average Cryptosporidium oocysts detected by this method was 1.9 times higher than Giemsa method and by 1.4 times – than Ziehl–Neelsen method. 

The study on seasonal dynamics and development of larval stages of causative agents of cattle hypodermatosis in the Chechen Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-311
Author(s):  
Вацаев ◽  
Sh. Vatsaev ◽  
Толоконников ◽  
V. Tolokonnikov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Invasion Species ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Intensity Of Invasion

Objective of research: to study the regional epizootology, species composition and bioecological features of development of causative agents of cattle hypodermatosis and elaboration of struggle measures against it in the Chechen Republic. Materials and methods: Data on extensity and intensity of invasion, species composition of causative agents of cattle hypodermatosis, seasonal dynamics, larval approach to the surface of animal back (gadfly larvae deposited in animals’ skin), time of the larval-pupal transformation (stages of larval development), treatment and prevention measures are provided in this article. Results and discussion: This research has found that in the Chechen Republic the extensity of gadfly invasion was in the range 24,4% — 62,1%; the intensity of invasion was 9,8 — 24,0 larv./animal. Two gadfly species Hypoderma bovis De Geer and Hypoderma lineatum De Villers are causative agents of animal hypodermatosis. H. bovis is spread everywhere, H. lineatum — mainly in plain and piedmont of the republic. Gadfly flight in different natural-climatic zones of the republic is registered from the end of April until the middle of October. Treatment and prevention measures continuously conducted for the whole livestock ( in spring against larvae of the 1st stage and in autumn — against larvae of the 2nd and 3rd development stages), taking into account ecological, phenological and epizootological situation in the region, may contribute to the full elimination of causative agents of hypodermatosis or their significant minimizing, reduction of economic damage to livestock of the republic. Based on experimental data, the economically reasonable schedule of treatment and prevention measures has been created.

scholarly journals Distribution of nematodoses of poultry in farms of Poltava region

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (102) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
L. Korchan ◽  
A. Zamaziy
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Composition Distribution ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens

The task of meeting the needs of the population with high-quality poultry products is to create a stable veterinary welfare in farms of various forms of ownership by in-depth study of the epizootic situation of nematodoses, which are registered in poultry. This will effectively develop and implement a system of treatment and prevention measures and reduce the incidence and death of poultry, especially from mixed helminthiasis. The aim of the work was to study the species composition, distribution and features of the course of nematodoses of the digestive tract in poultry in the farms of Poltava region. A total of 241 coprooscopic studies of chickens and 186 – geese were performed. Parasitological studies have shown that nematodoses of the digestive tract among domestic geese and chickens in farms of Poltava region are very common invasive diseases, where the extensiveness of invasion ranges from 16.59 to 74.69 %. In the studied chickens, pathogens of heterakosis (EI – 74.69 %), ascaridiosis (41.49 %), capillariosis (31.54 %), trihostrongilosis (16.59 %) were detected. Among the studied geese, pathogens of heterakosis (41.94 %), amidostomosis (27.42 %), capillariosis (25.81 %) and trihostrongilosis (16.67 %) were found. It is proved that nematodoses of the digestive tract mainly occur in the form of polyinvasions. In 67.22 % of patients with nematodoses of chickens, the simultaneous course of several parasitic pathogens was established, in geese this figure was 57.69 %. Monoinvasions were detected in 32.78 and 42.31 % of patients with nematodoses of chickens and geese, respectively. Out of the polyinvasions of chickens, two-component ones predominated, where heterakosis-capillariosic and ascaridiosis-heterakosic were most often diagnosed (51.24 and 33.06 % of patients with polyinvasions). Ascaridiosis-trihostrongilosis-capillariosic (9.92 %) and heterakosis-trihostrongilosis-capillariosic (5.78 %) invasions were less frequent. Among geese, heterakosis-capillariosic (40 % of patients with polyinvasions) and amidostomosis-capillariosic (28.89 %) invasions dominated among polyinvasions. A smaller percentage were heterakosis-amidostomosis-capillariosic (20 %) and amidostomosis-trihostrongilosis (11.11 %) invasions. Prospects for further research are to establish the effectiveness of modern anthelmintics in polyinvasions of geese and chickens.

scholarly journals Prospects of Using High-Throughput Proteomics to Underpin the Discovery of Animal Host–Nematode Interactions

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Robin Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Host Parasite

Parasitic nematodes impose a significant public health burden, and cause major economic losses to agriculture worldwide. Due to the widespread of anthelmintic resistance and lack of effective vaccines for most nematode species, there is an urgent need to discover novel therapeutic and vaccine targets, informed through an understanding of host–parasite interactions. Proteomics, underpinned by genomics, enables the global characterisation proteins expressed in a particular cell type, tissue and organism, and provides a key to insights at the host–parasite interface using advanced high-throughput mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies. Here, we (i) review current mass-spectrometry-based proteomic methods, with an emphasis on a high-throughput ‘bottom-up’ approach; (ii) summarise recent progress in the proteomics of parasitic nematodes of animals, with a focus on molecules inferred to be involved in host–parasite interactions; and (iii) discuss future research directions that could enhance our knowledge and understanding of the molecular interplay between nematodes and host animals, in order to work toward new, improved methods for the treatment, diagnosis and control of nematodiases.

The evolution of the pathogen and the clinical and epidemiological features of the recent cholera (el tor)

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
V. N. Savelyev ◽  
I. V. Savelyeva ◽  
B. V. Babenyshev ◽  
A. N. Kulichenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
El Tor

In a comparative perspective studied cholera outbreak in the Caucasus due to typical toxigenic and genetically modified (hybrid) El Tor variant strains have been studied. Revealed features of the genetic structure of the genome, factors and ways of transmission of the causative agent of modern cholera El tor should be considered when improving the program of epidemiological supervision in terms of enhancing antiepidemic and prevention measures in cholera, the causative factor of which are of hybrid variants of Vibrio cholerae El tor.

scholarly journals Larva of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella is a suitable alternative host for the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winarti Achmad Sarmin Djainal ◽  
Khalid Shahin ◽  
Alexandra Adams ◽  
Andrew Desbois
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Important Food Source ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Lethal Doses

Abstract Background Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) is the etiological agent of francisellosis in cultured warm water fish, such as tilapia. Antibiotics are administered to treat the disease but a better understanding of Fno infection biology will inform improved treatment and prevention measures. However, studies with native hosts are costly and considerable benefits would derive from access to a practical alternative host. Here, larvae of Galleria mellonella were assessed for suitability to study Fno virulence. Results Larvae were killed by Fno in a dose-dependent manner but the insects could be rescued from lethal doses of bacteria by antibiotic therapy. Infection progression was assessed by histopathology (haematoxylin and eosin staining, Gram Twort and immunohistochemistry) and enumeration of bacteria recovered from the larval haemolymph on selective agar. Fno was phagocytosed and could survive intracellularly, which is consistent with observations in fish. Virulence of five Fno isolates showed strong agreement between G. mellonella and red Nile tilapia hosts. Conclusions This study shows that an alternative host, G. mellonella, can be applied to understand Fno infections, which will assist efforts to identify solutions to piscine francisellosis thus securing the livelihoods of tilapia farmers worldwide and ensuring the production of this important food source.

scholarly journals Features of parasitocenosis in eimeriosis in young ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (14) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Vera Usevich ◽  
N. Kurochkina ◽  
M. Drozd ◽  
Ol'ga Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Therapeutic Effectiveness ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Eimeria Arloingi

Abstract. The prevalence of coccidiosis diseases of various animal species has a global scale, so this problem has attracted the attention of veterinary specialists around the world. The purpose of this study was to study the specific features of the species composition and laboratory diagnostics of eimeriosis in young ruminants and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and prevention when using drugs from different groups. The material for the study was goats and calves. The research was carried out on the basis of two farms of the same agricultural holding in the Sverdlovsk region. Diagnostics was performed based on clinical and laboratory studies. Results of the study. The main pathogens in the goat breeding complex in goats of different ages were identified: the main causative agent of coccidiosis in 120-day-old goats was Eimeria arloingi, which accounted for 54 % of all detected oocysts in the samples. Eimeriosis occurred as a mixed invasion of Eimeria arloingi with Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae (33 %) and Eimeria intracata (13 %). Eimeria arloingi (68 %), in 21-days-old goats – Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae (32 %). Eimeriosis caused by Eimeria bovis was detected in 30-days-old calves (100 %). The article describes the results of using various anticoccidial drugs in the treatment and prevention of eimeriosis. A comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of known coccidiostatics is given. The economic efficiency of different groups of drugs was evaluated. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the morphological and quantitative assessment of parasitocenoses in eimeriosis in young ruminants was carried out. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various traditional remedies and a new drug for the treatment of eimeriosis in calves and goats was carried out. Conclusion. Not all of the drugs used have the same therapeutic effectiveness both in terms of treatment time and the quality of elimination of the etiological factor.

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