ACTIVITY OF PERICARP EXTRACT OF MANGOSTEEN AGAINST ORAL STREPTOCOCCI

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Dewi Nurul Mustaqimah ◽  
Josh Erry HW
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Oral Pathogens

The increasing prevalence of dental caries is still as a major world health problem. Caries is the direct result of acid production by cariogenic oral pathogens, especially Streptococcus mutans. New and better antimicrobial agents active against cariogenic bacteria with minimal side effects on the oral tissues are much needed, especially natural agents derived directly from plants. Phytochemical studies have shown that the extracts from various parts of mangosteen or Garciniamangostana Linn tree contain varieties of secondary metabolites such as prenylated and oxygenated xanthones, many of which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties against oral pathogens. Several studies which examined the eficacy of herbal for human health have shown that xanthones from mangosteen have remarkable biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer etc, and had no cytotoxic effects on human gingival fibroblasts. Their results showed that among these xanthone derivatives obtain from pericarp extract of mangosteen, α-mangostin has the most potent antimicrobial activity against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. It can be concluded that the strong antimicrobial activity of the pericarp extract of mangosteen is a good drug of choice that might be helpful in preventing the dental caries.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4383
Author(s):  
Barbara Lapinska ◽  
Aleksandra Szram ◽  
Beata Zarzycka ◽  
Janina Grzegorczyk ◽  
Louis Hardan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Modifying the composition of dental restorative materials with antimicrobial agents might induce their antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria, e.g., S.mutans and L.acidophilus, as well as antifungal effect on C.albicans that are major oral pathogens. Essential oils (EOs) are widely known for antimicrobial activity and are successfully used in dental industry. The study aimed at evaluating antibacterial and antifungal activity of EOs and composite resin material (CR) modified with EO against oral pathogens. Ten EOs (i.e., anise, cinnamon, citronella, clove, geranium, lavender, limette, mint, rosemary thyme) were tested using agar diffusion method. Cinnamon and thyme EOs showed significantly highest antibacterial activity against S.mutans and L.acidophilus among all tested EOs. Anise and limette EOs showed no antibacterial activity against S.mutans. All tested EOs exhibited antifungal activity against C.albicans, whereas cinnamon EO showed significantly highest and limette EO significantly lowest activity. Next, 1, 2 or 5 µL of cinnamon EO was introduced into 2 g of CR and microbiologically tested. The modified CR showed higher antimicrobial activity in comparison to unmodified one. CR containing 2 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against S.mutans and C.albicans, while CR modified with 1 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against L.acidophilus.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking of Novel Thiourea Derivatives Tagged with Thiadiazole, Imidazole and Triazine Moieties as Potential DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV Inhibitors

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba E. Hashem ◽  
Abd El-Galil E. Amr ◽  
Eman S. Nossier ◽  
Elsayed A. Elsayed ◽  
Eman M. Azmy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Thiourea Derivatives ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Ic50 Values

To develop new antimicrobial agents, a series of novel thiourea derivatives incorporated with different moieties 2–13 was designed and synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated. Compounds 7a, 7b and 8 exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the fungal Aspergillus flavus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.95 ± 0.22 to 3.25 ± 1.00 μg/mL. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies against MCF-7 cells revealed that compounds 7a and 7b were the most potent with IC50 values of 10.17 ± 0.65 and 11.59 ± 0.59 μM, respectively. On the other hand, the tested compounds were less toxic against normal kidney epithelial cell lines (Vero cells). The in vitro enzyme inhibition assay of 8 displayed excellent inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli DNA B gyrase and moderate one against E. coli Topoisomerase IV (IC50 = 0.33 ± 1.25 and 19.72 ± 1.00 µM, respectively) in comparison with novobiocin (IC50 values 0.28 ± 1.45 and 10.65 ± 1.02 µM, respectively). Finally, the molecular docking was done to position compound 8 into the E. coli DNA B and Topoisomerase IV active pockets to explore the probable binding conformation. In summary, compound 8 may serve as a potential dual E. coli DNA B and Topoisomerase IV inhibitor.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL 1-((DIMETHYLAMINO)METHYL)-3-(4-(3-(SUBSTITUTE DPHENYL)-4-OXOTHIAZOLIDIN-2-YL)PHENYLIMINO)-5-NITROINDOLIN-2-ONES AS POTENT ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
KOSARAJU LAHARI ◽  
RAJA SUNDARARAJAN
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Mannich Bases ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Group Variation

Objective: Isatins have emerged as antimicrobial agents due to their broad spectrum of in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities. In addition, thiazolidinone also reported to possess various biological activities particularly antimicrobial activity. Due to the importance, we planned to synthesize compounds with isatin functionality coupled with thiazolidinone as possible antitubercular and antimicrobial agents which could furnish better therapeutic results. Methods: In vitro Mycobacterium tuberculosis method and agar streak dilution test are used to estimate antitubercular and antimicrobial potency of title analogs, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration of entire title compounds was determined against all tested microorganism such as M. tuberculosis, four Gram-positive, three Gram-negative bacteria, and two fungi. Results: A series of new thiazolidinone substituted Schiff and Mannich bases of 5-nitroisatins were designed and synthesized by a multistep synthesis from isatin. Structures of synthesized compounds are characterized using Fourier-transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, and bases of elemental analysis. Mild to good antitubercular and antimicrobial activity was showed by synthesized 5-nitroisatin analogs. The relationship between the biological activity and the functional group variation of the tested compounds was discussed. Conclusion: 3-(4-(3-(4-Aminophenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-yl)phenylimino)-1-((dimethyl amino)methyl)-5-nitroindolin-2-one 6 and 3-(4-(3- (2-aminophenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-yl)phenylimino)-1-((dimethylamino)methyl)-5-nitroindolin-2-one 13 were found to be the most potent compounds of this series which might be extended as a novel class of antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Mutacin B-Ny266, a Lantibiotic Active against Caries Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Dufour ◽  
Abdelahhad Barbour ◽  
Yuki Chan ◽  
Marcus Cheng ◽  
Taimoor Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Chromosomal Locus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Plaque Biofilm

ABSTRACT Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized proteinaceous antibacterial peptides. They selectively interfere with the growth of other bacteria. The production and secretion of bacteriocins confer a distinct ecological advantage to the producer in competing against other bacteria that are present in the same ecological niche. Streptococcus mutans, a significant contributor to the development of dental caries, is one of the most prolific producers of bacteriocins, known as mutacins in S. mutans. In this study, we characterized the locus encoding mutacin B-Ny266, a lantibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity. The chromosomal locus is composed of six predicted operon structures encoding proteins involved in regulation, antimicrobial activity, biosynthesis, modification, transport, and immunity. Mutacin B-Ny266 was purified from semisolid cultures, and two inhibitory peptides, LanA and LanA′, were detected. Both peptides were highly modified. Such modifications include dehydration of serine and threonine and the formation of a C-terminal aminovinyl-cysteine (AviCys) ring. While LanA peptide alone is absolutely required for antimicrobial activity, the presence of LanA′ enhanced the activity of LanA, suggesting that B-Ny266 may function as a two-peptide lantibiotic. The activation of lanAA′ expression is most likely controlled by the conserved two-component system NsrRS, which is activated by LanA peptide but not by LanA′. The chromosomal locus encoding mutacin B-Ny266 was not universally conserved in all sequenced S. mutans genomes. Intriguingly, the genes encoding LanAA′ peptides were restricted to the most invasive serotypes of S. mutans. IMPORTANCE Although dental caries is largely preventable, it remains the most common and costly infectious disease worldwide. Caries is initiated by the presence of dental plaque biofilm that contains Streptococcus mutans, a species extensively characterized by its role in caries development and formation. S. mutans deploys an arsenal of strategies to establish itself within the oral cavity. One of them is the production of bacteriocins that confer a competitive advantage by targeting and killing closely related competitors. In this work, we found that mutacin B-Ny266 is a potent lantibiotic that is effective at killing a wide array of oral streptococci, including nearly all S. mutans strains tested. Lantibiotics produced by oral bacteria could represent a promising strategy to target caries pathogens embedded in dental plaque biofilm.

Antimicrobial actions of α-mangostin against oral streptococci

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong T. M. Nguyen ◽  
Robert E. Marquis
Keyword(s):  
Acid Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
World Health ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Intact Cells

The increasing prevalence of dental caries is making it more of a major world health problem. Caries is the direct result of acid production by cariogenic oral bacteria, especially Streptococcus mutans . New and better antimicrobial agents active against cariogenic bacteria are badly needed, especially natural agents derived directly from plants. We have evaluated the inhibitory actions of α-mangostin, a xanthone purified from ethanolic extracts of the tropical plant Garcinia mangostana L., by repeated silica gel chromatography. α-Mangostin was found to be a potent inhibitor of acid production by S. mutans UA159, active against membrane enzymes, including the F(H+)-ATPase and the phosphoenolpyruvate – sugar phosphotransferase system. α-Mangostin also inhibited the glycolytic enzymes aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactic dehydrogenase. Glycolysis by intact cells in suspensions or biofilms was inhibited by α-mangostin at concentrations of 12 and 120 µmol·L–1, respectively, in a pH-dependent manner, with greater potency at lower pH values. Other targets for inhibition by α-mangostin included (i) malolactic fermentation, involved in alkali production from malate, and (ii) NADH oxidase, the major respiratory enzyme for S. mutans. The overall conclusion is that α-mangostin is a multitarget inhibitor of mutans streptococci and may be useful as an anticaries agent.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Activity-Guided Isolation from Achillea monocephala, and Biological Activities of its Different Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Turgut Taşkın ◽  
Eray M. Güler ◽  
Şeyda Şentürk ◽  
Damla D. Çelik ◽  
Turan Arabacı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Biological Potential

Background: The genus Achillea is one of the most important genus of the Asteraceae family and many species of Achillea are used in traditional medicine to treat several ailments. Aim: The aim of the current research was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxic activities of n-hexan, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts and to isolate the active compounds from the extract showing the strongest cytotoxic activity. In addition to this, it was aimed to evaluate the biological activities (cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-urease, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial) of different extracts and active compounds from Achillea monocephala. Methods and Materials: The in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-urease, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of different extracts from A. monocephala aerial parts were examined. The structures of the active compounds were determined by NMR techniques, UV, IR and LC-MS/MS analysis and their biological potential was examined. Results: The chloroform extract showed strong and selective cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7). Besides, this extract exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity than other extracts. Therefore, through activity-guided procedures, luteolin, naringenin and 8-hydroxy-salvigenin compounds were isolated from this extract. The methanol extract showed stronger antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC) and anticholinesterase activity than other extracts. The n-hexan extract exhibited the highest anti-urease activity. In this study, it was determined that the isolated compounds had a strong biological activity. Naringenin compound had stronger ABTS radical cation scavenging and ferric reducing/antioxidant power, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity than other compounds. 8-hydroxy-salvigenin compound showed the highest urease and acetylcholinestease enzyme inhibition. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the extracts and isolated compounds from the A. monocephala may be used as antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-urease, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial agents in the future.

scholarly journals Antifungal and antibacterial activities of polyherbal toothpaste against oral pathogens, In vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Batool Sadeghi-Nejad ◽  
Eskandar Moghimipour ◽  
Sedigheh Yusef Naanaie ◽  
Shahrzad Nezarat
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Original article Article History: Received: 23 April 2018 Revised: 20 July 2018 Accepted: 06 August 2018 * Corresponding author:Batool Sadeghi-NejadAbadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.Email: [email protected] Introduction One of the most common chronic oral infections in the world is dental caries [1]. Oral pathogenic microorganisms have been the cause of dental plaques, dental caries, as well as gingival and periodontal diseases [2]. Streptococcus mutans is one of the main opportunistic pathogens of dental caries, which is responsible for the formation of dental plaque and caries [3]. Other microorganisms associated with this oral condition include Escherichia coli, S. aureus [4], and Candida species. C. albicans is the most frequent yeast isolated from the oral cavities with poor oral hygiene [2]. The formulation ingredients of commercial toothpastes are mostly chemical substances, such as fluoride and whitening agents [2]. The literature contains evidence regarding the adverse effects of fluoride and bleaching agents (e.g., peroxide-based agents) used in the commercial toothpastes [5]. With this background in mind, the present study aimed to formulate a polyherbal toothpaste without any A B S T RA C TBackground and Purpose: Herbal toothpastes are more secure and efficacious and less poisonous due to containing natural chemicals as compared with the synthetic toothpastes. The present study aimed to formulate a polyherbal toothpaste using accessible medicinal plants in Iran and evaluate its efficiency in the protection of oral hygiene and prevention of dental caries. Materials and Methods: The developed toothpaste was made of the leaf extracts of Artemisia dracunculus, Satureja khuzestanica (Jamzad), and Myrtus communis (Linn), combined at four different dilutions, namely 1:4 (25%), 1:1 (50%), 3:4 (75%), and (100%), with sterile distilled water. The product was tested against five microorganisms, including Streptococcus mutans, Lactobaccilus caseie, S. sanguis, S. salivarius, and Candida albicans, using agar well diffusion method. Results: After 24 h of incubation, the maximum mean diameters of inhibition zone against L. caseie and C. albicans were obtained as 17-30 and 10-25 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the minimum mean diameter of inhibition zone against S. salivarious was estimated as 15-20 mm. Conclusion: The formulated toothpaste showed potent inhibitory activities against Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans. Therefore, more studies are required to accurately investigate the efficacy of the formulated toothpaste. Keywords: Antibacterial, Antifungal, Oral pathogens, Polyherbal toothpaste, Yeast

New Caffeic Acid Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents: Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Docking

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maia Merlani ◽  
Vakhtang Barbakadze ◽  
Lela Amiranashvili ◽  
Lali Gogilashvili ◽  
Vladimir Poroikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Caffeic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Microdilution Method

Background: Phenolic acids (caffeic-, ferulic and p-coumaric acid) are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and exhibit broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial activity. Objective: The goal of this paper is the synthesis of some caffeic acid derivatives selected based on computer-aided predictions and evaluate their in vitro antimicrobial properties against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and also a series of fungi. Methods: In silico prediction of biological activity was used to identify the most promising structures for synthesis and biological testing, and the putative mechanisms of their antimicrobial action. The designed compounds were synthesized using classical organic synthesis methods. The antimicrobial activity was studied using microdilution method. Results: Twelve tested compounds have shown good antibacterial activity. Five out of twelve tested compounds appeared to be more active than the reference drugs ampicillin and streptomycin. Despite that all compounds exhibited good activity against all bacteria tested, the sensitivity of bacteria towards compounds in general was different. The evaluation of antifungal activity revealed that all compounds were more active than ketoconazole, while seven compounds (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 12) appeared to be more active than bifonazole. Docking results indicate that gyrase inhibition is the putative mechanism of antibacterial action while the inhibition of 14α-demethylase may be responsible for antifungal action. Prediction of cytotoxicity by PROTOX showed that compounds are not toxic (LD50 1000-2000 mg/kg). Conclusion: Thirteen compounds, from which six are new ones, were synthesized, and twelve compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity. The studied compounds appeared to be promising potent and non-toxic antimicrobials, which could be considered as leads for new pharmaceutical agents.

scholarly journals In Vivo Colonization with Candidate Oral Probiotics Attenuates Colonization and Virulence of Streptococcus mutans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David. J. Culp ◽  
William Hull ◽  
Matthew J. Bremgartner ◽  
Todd A. Atherly ◽  
Kacey N. Christian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Autochthonous Bacteria ◽  
High Sucrose

A collection of 113 Streptococcus strains from supragingival dental plaque of caries-free individuals were recently tested in vitro for direct antagonism of the dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans, and for their capacity for arginine catabolism via the arginine deiminase system (ADS). To advance their evaluation as potential probiotics, twelve strains of commensal oral streptococci with various antagonistic and ADS potentials were assessed in a mouse model for oral (i.e., oral mucosal pellicles and saliva) and dental colonization under four diets (healthy or high-sucrose, with or without prebiotic arginine). Colonization by autochthonous bacteria was also monitored. One strain failed to colonize, whereas oral colonization by the other eleven strains varied by 3 log units. Dental colonization was high for five strains regardless of diet, six strains increased colonization with at least one high-sucrose diet, and added dietary arginine decreased dental colonization of two strains. Streptococcus sp. A12 (high in vitro ADS activity and antagonism) and two engineered mutants lacking the ADS (ΔarcADS) or pyruvate oxidase-mediated H2O2 production (ΔspxB) were tested for competition against S. mutans UA159. A12 wild type and ΔarcADS colonized only transiently, whereas ΔspxB persisted, but without altering oral or dental colonization by S. mutans. In testing four additional candidates, S. sanguinis BCC23 markedly attenuated S. mutans’ oral and dental colonization, enhanced colonization of autochthonous bacteria, and decreased severity of smooth surface caries under highly cariogenic conditions. Results demonstrate the utility of the mouse model to evaluate potential probiotics, revealing little correlation between in vitro antagonism and competitiveness against S. mutans in vivo. IMPORTANCE Our results demonstrate in vivo testing of potential oral probiotics can be accomplished and can yield information to facilitate the ultimate design and optimization of novel anti-caries probiotics. We show human oral commensals associated with dental health are an important source of potential probiotics that may be used to colonize patients under dietary conditions of highly varying cariogenicity. Assessment of competitiveness against dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans and impact on caries identified strains or genetic elements for further study. Results also uncovered strains that enhanced oral and dental colonization by autochthonous bacteria when challenged with S. mutans, suggesting cooperative interactions for future elucidation. Distinguishing a rare strain that effectively compete with S. mutans under conditions that promote caries further validates our systematic approach to more critically evaluate probiotics for use in humans.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil Against Major Oral Pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadmehdi Fani ◽  
Jamshid Kohanteb
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Pathogens

The objective of present investigation was to determine antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris oil on some oral pathogens. Thymus vulgaris oil was prepared by hydrodistillation and tested against 30 clinical isolates of each of Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, prepared from related oral infections using agar disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Thymus vulgaris oil at concentrations of 16 to 256 μg/mL exhibited strong inhibitory activity on all clinical isolates producing inhibition zones of 7.5 to 42 mm as measured by agar disk diffusion method. Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus mutans were the most sensitive isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.9 and 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration values for C albicans, A actinomycetemcomitans, and P gingivalis were 16.3, 32, and 32 μg/mL, respectively.

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