scholarly journals The Fabrication of Roof Tiles Utilizing Palm Oil Boiler Ash and Used Rubber Thread Fibers Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Achiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Waste Rubber ◽  
Physical Density ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Boiler Ash

Polymer composite roof tiles are produced from palm oil boiler ash and used rubber thread fibers waste. The material was strengthened by asphalt through a molding and pressurized conventional technique of sand, palm oil boiler ash waste, rubber thread fibers waste, asphalt and epoxy resin mixture. The composition of boiler ash and rubber thread fibers varied of 20% : 0%, 18% : 2%, 16% : 4%, 14% : 6%, 12% : 8%, 10% : 10%. The results were tested for physical (density and water absorption), mechanical (compressive, impact and tensile strength) and thermal (Differential Thermal Analysis) properties. The characterization shows that the optimum mixture of sand, ash, thread, asphalt and resin compositions are 55% : 12% : 8% : 10% : 15% respectively, with the highest density of 1.64 gram/cm3, waster absorption value of 1.72%, 77.68 kJ/m2 impact value, 19.373 MPa tensile strength and 360°C for differential thermal analysis temperature. Those results meet the SNI standard for existing roof tiles. This shows that the materials used in the research can be a cheap and environmentally friendly alternative to roof tile raw materials.

The Roman Ceramics of Salobrena (Granada-Spain) and their Raw Materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M De Andres ◽  
Isabel MuÑOZ
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTNineteen roman ceramic sherds found near Salobreña (Granada, Spain), in the western coast of the Mediterranean Sea, as well as different ceramic clays from the surroundingsare studied. Both clays and ceramic sherds are characterizad by X-ray diffraction and spectrometry, differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron and optical microscopies. A good number of the ceramic pieces, among which some “Terrae Sigillatae”, have a composition similar to that of the local clays and, thus, have been probably manufactured at Salobreña. Only a few of them have a foreign origin. For most of them, the firing temperature was about 800-850 °C, although some have been produced at 900-1000 °C, and some others at 1000-1100 °C. It is concluded that Salobreña appearsto have been an important settlement just in the third century of the Christian era.

Theoretical Assessment of the Prospects for the Use of Raw Materials in Ceramic Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 499-503
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Gurieva ◽  
Anastasia A. Ilyina ◽  
Aleksandr V. Doroshin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Metallurgical Slags ◽  
Theoretical Assessment ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions

The paper presents the results of analyzing the prospects of using clay raw materials in a composition with metallurgical slags for the production of ceramic products. The results of the analysis of the chemical and mineralogical properties of clay from the Khalilovsky deposit in the Orenburg region and nickel slags from the dumps of the South Ural Nickel Combine are presented. The studies were carried out using X-ray fluorescence and differential thermal analysis methods. The article presents the performed X-ray and derivatograms of slag and clay and the features of the experimental types of raw materials revealed during their analysis. The connection between the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the experimental clay and slags on the technological properties of finished ceramic products has been theoretically established. The use of XRF and DTA to study the characteristics of plastic and non-plastic raw materials made it possible at the first stages of the experiment to reject materials that were unsatisfactory in properties for the production of ceramic products, which contributes to the optimization of experiments, rational consumption of costs of newly mined clay raw materials.

Influence of Heating Rate and Burning Temperature on the Thermal Decomposition of Textile Sludge

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1005-1009
Author(s):  
M.E.D. Altidis ◽  
Crislene Rodrigues da Silva Morais ◽  
B.F.R. Guedes ◽  
Pablo Araújo Rodrigues ◽  
M.A.F. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Burning Temperature ◽  
Textile Sludge

The generation of waste is a consequence of human action as a result of user and processor of raw materials. In effluents textiles sewage treatment, waste generation, especially the sludge, is a constant making it necessary to use alternatives for its management. This work aims to study the influence of the burning temperature on the thermal decomposition of textile sludge by Thermogravimetry and Differential Thermal Analysis in order to use it as an additive in concrete and / or pre-molded. The TG curves of textile sludge burned at temperatures of 110°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, 550°C and 600°C showed at two to three steps of thermal decomposition. The infrared spectrum showed characteristic bands of SiO2, OH and CH and the spectrum of the sinterized sludge showed the elimination of OH and CH bands.

scholarly journals Pengujian Mekanik dan Biodegradabilitas Plastik Biodegradable Berbahan Baku Pati Bonggol Pisang dengan Penambahan Kitosan, Sorbitol, dan Minyak Kayu Manis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Oetary ◽  
Syaubari Syaubari ◽  
Medyan Riza
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Complete Degradation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Break Water

<p>Biodegradable plastic is an alternative to conventional plastic which has been very difficult to degrade and causes environmental pollution. Biodegradable plastic raw materials come from plants or plant wastes, so they are easily degraded by the environment and the utilization of waste becomes more efficient. The general objective of this study is to obtain the characteristics of plastics that meet the standards by varying the concentration of the materials used. This study used Kepok banana hump starch with variations in the concentration of chitosan, sorbitol, and cinnamon oil. The variable used is the ratio of weight of starch and water (1: 5). The concentration of chitosan nanoparticles was 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%, sorbitol concentrations were 2 ml, 4 ml, and 6 ml, and the concentration of cinnamon was 0%, 0.5%, and 1%. Tests carried out are tensile strength, elongation of break, water absorption, and biodegradability. The best tensile strength results are 19.6 MPa, the best elongation is 47.69%, the highest water absorption is 53.77% and the lowest is 22.63%, and the complete degradation takes the longest time of 77 days.</p>

scholarly journals Potensi Pemanfaatan Serat Selulosa sebagai Material Bahan Baku dalam Sintesis Filter Udara Non-Woven sesuai Standar TAPPI T 205

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Irwan Suriaman ◽  
Mardiyati ◽  
Jooned Hendrarsakti ◽  
Ari Darmawan Pasek
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Materials Used

Industry 4.0 era materials used by entrepreneurs should be recycled, environmentally friendly, renewable with less chemical content. Indonesia as a tropical country has a large land area with the potential to produce the largest natural fiber in the world. One opportunity that can be applied to the utilization of natural fibers in air filters that currently use dominant materials is synthetic fibers. natural fiber has the advantage because it does not contain toxic chemicals, local raw materials, and is easily produced. This research will analyze the mechanical and morphological characteristics of biological fibers that have great potential as pre-filter raw material. Analysis of mechanical properties through tensile strength testing for single fibers and morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile testing was the results are; palm oil has a tensile strength of 620 MPa; 998 MPa and 213 MPa flax coconut fiber. For the morphological test results from SEM analysis for ramie fiber, it looks solid without fiber holes; The fibers appear to be many small fibers bound to one another while coir fibers have many pore holes in one observed fiber.

Influence of Raw Materials on the Preparation of Terracotta Panel

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 267-270
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Bao Hua Wang ◽  
Liang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermo Gravimetry ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Drying Behavior

Influence of the ratio of raw materials on the extrusive property and drying performance of the terracotta panel was investigated by the thermo-gravimetry, differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and SEM methods. The results show that the optimization extrusion property of paste body and drying behavior can be achieved by the ratio of plastic and non-plastic materials is 45:55.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF STRAW PYROLYSIS THERMAL EFFECTS FOR ESTIMATION OF POSSIBILITY ITS IMPLEMENTA-TION IN AUTOTHERMAL MODE

2019 ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Astafev ◽  
Roman Borisovich Tabakaev ◽  
Dias Erlanovich Musafirov ◽  
Aleksandr Sergeyevich Zavorin ◽  
Yuriy Vladimirovich Dubinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Laser Flash ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
Calculation Results

The aim of the work is research of straw pyrolysis in various modes, the determination of process thermal effects and estimation of straw thermal processing possibility in the autothermal mode. Physical experiment and differential thermal analysis were used as research methods. Thermotechnical characteristics of raw materials are determined by ISO 1171:2010, GOST R 55660-2013 and a bomb calorimeter; thermal and physical characteristic are determined by the analyzer of thermal diffusivity Discovery Laser Flash DLF-1200. In result of the work is established that thermal effects occur in the straw after heating to 200 °C. The first shows of exothermic reactions are observed when the reactor is heated to 303 °C – in this case the temperature of the straw reaches 308.8 °C. By differential thermal analysis is established that the temperature range of heat input was set from 235 to 575 °C and value of the thermal effect in this range was set 1475 kJ/kg. For this range, the heat costs for the organization of pyrolysis in the autothermal mode and the total thermal effect of the process are calculated. The calculation results showed that the maximum thermal effect (398.9 kJ/kg) can be obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 460 °C. For these conditions, the influence of the initial straw moisture content on the autothermality of pyrolysis process was evaluated and it was established that process can be organized due to its own thermal effects when the raw material moisture is less than 30.5%.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF WHEAT BRAN AND PRODUCTS OF THEIR PYROLYSIS FOR EVALUATION OF ENERGY USE POSSIBILITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Astaf'yev ◽  
Mariya Andreyevna Gaydabrus ◽  
Kanipa Talgatovna Ibrayeva ◽  
Roman Borisovich Tabakayev ◽  
Nikolay Alekseyevich Yazykov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas

The aim of the work is research thermal characteristics of bran and products of pyrolytic processing to evaluation the possibility of their use as a fuel. As research methods, experiments were used to determine the yield of pyrolysis products and their characteristics, as well as differential thermal analysis. Thermotechnical characteristics of raw materials are determined by АСТМ Е1755-01, ISO 589:2008, ISO 5071-1:2013 and a bomb calorimeter ABK-1 (RET, Russia). The elemental composition of the raw materials is determined by the Vario Micro Cube analyzer (Elementar, Germany). In result of the work is established that wheat bran has a high heat of combustion (16.6 MJ/kg) for biomass and a high yield of volatile (81%). The ash content of raw materials was 6.9%, herewith the ash residue has a sintered character at temperatures above 725 °C, which indicates the slag ability. The active stage of bran decomposition proceeds in a temperature range 225–500 °C, that established by means of the differential thermal analysis. The results of material balance determination showed that the carbon residue (43%) has a predominant yield from the raw materials, the share of pyrogenetic water is 29%, which is due to the exothermic reactions in the bran during heating, resin – 12%, gas – 16%. The CO2 and CO concentrations are dominated in composition of pyrolysis gas during a heating temperature to 350 °C, which is associated with the decomposition of the main components in the bran – cellulose and hemicellulose. The methane concentration begins to increase after 350 °C and reaches a maximum at 450 °C, the decomposition of thermally more resistant lignin was occured at these temperatures. The maximum gas heat of combustion (9.3 MJ/m3) was associated to the peak of methane concentration in gas.

PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI CAMPURAN LIMBAH ROTAN DAN PENYULINGAN KULIT KAYU GEMOR (Alseodaphne spp)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Budi Tri Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Materials Used

Utilization of rattan waste and gemor bark (Alseodaphne spp) distillation  for particle board had been carried out. The aim of this research was to know physical mechanical particle board from rattan waste mixed with gemor bark distillation. The raw materials used were cut-rattan waste of 2 cm and gemor bark distillation mashed in 16 mesh. The adhesive used were starch and PVAC. Composition variety of the mixture of rattan waste and gemor bark distillation particle were 50%: 50%, 60%: 40%, 70%: 30% and 5% adhesive. The results showed that highest average of modulus of rupture (26,62 kg/cm2) was obtained in 60% : 40% comparison of rattan waste and gemor bark distillation with starch adhesive (a2b1) and the density was 0.75 gr/cm3. The highest average of modulus of elasticity (633,76 kg/cm2) was in composition of 60%: 40% with PVAc adhesive (a2b2) and the density was 0,71 gr/cm3. The highest average of tensile strength (3,15 kg/cm2) was obtained in composition of 60%: 40% with starch adhesive (a2b1) and the density was  0.75 gr/cm3.Keywords: rattan waste, gemor bark distillation, particle board

scholarly journals Clays of Wierzbka I deposit (northern margin of Holy Cross Mountains) for the production of clinker tiles

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Marcin Gajek ◽  
Janusz Partyka ◽  
Alicja Rapacz-Kmita ◽  
Łukasz Wójcik ◽  
Magdalena Dudek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Technological Value ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sintering Shrinkage

Abstract The paper presents results of research on the assessment of the suitability of the Wierzbka I Triassic clay raw materials, which are part of the Wierzbka deposit near Suchedniów, for the production of clinker tiles obtained by pressing. Red colour clays are often used in the production technology of clinker tiles. The high content of Fe2O3 in the composition of red clays promotes the sintering process and affects the colour of the resulting material, a typical characteristic of clinker materials. The raw materials used in this technology should have good sinterability, which guarantees a material with low water absorption, high chemical resistance and mechanical strength. Samples of the raw materials were taken from three different depths of the deposit, and subjected to analysis as follows: chemical composition, phase composition (XRD, thermal analysis DSC/TG), sintering shrinkage, sintering curve and the characteristic temperatures. The analysis of the microstructure was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-ray and thermal analysis of the studied clays revealed the presence of clay minerals such as: illite, kaolinite, illite/smectite, but also quartz and ferruginous minerals. There was no presence of calcium carbonate in the tested samples of the raw clay, which particularly distinguishes these materials as being suitable for use in the fast firing technology of clinker tiles. Samples of the raw materials were pressed under a pressure ranging from 21 to 42 MPa and then fired at temperatures in the range 1130 to 1220°C. The obtained sintered bodies were characterized by a high degree of sintering, an apparent density of 2.31g/cm3, an open porosity of less than 2.5% and water absorption below 1.0%. The results of this study indicate a high technological value of raw materials from the Wierzbka I deposit.

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