scholarly journals Effect of negative factors on the use of oak and beech for decorative veneers

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
P. Král ◽  
J. Hrázský
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Material Preparation

The paper summarizes results of an institutional research aimed at the analysis of relationships between the quality of decorative veneers of oak and beech and negative factors decreasing the use of veneers. Effects of factors were assessed in the preparation, storage and protection of a raw material, treatment of logs before slicing and stay-log cutting and in the manufacture of veneers proper. Intensity of spraying was measured, protection of raw material during storage and regimes of hydrothermic preparation were assessed. Qualitative yield was determined in 386 logs of a diameter from 34 to 66 cm comparing four methods of cutting: half-round cutting and two-sized slicing with half-round cuttingand stay-log cutting of ahalf-round log and a whole log. The quality of veneers is also affected by the relative position and quality of cutting tools. Results of the paper consist in conclusions and recommendations for the better and more complete use of oak and beech to obtain quality veneers. The paper sets conditions for storage and protection, raw material preparation and regimes of hydrothermic treatment. Based on the research results we recommend to cut logs of oak of 30 to 40 cm diameter from two opposite sides (two-sided slicing) with the subsequent cutting into two parts. Each of the parts is sliced separately to a residual board. It is suitable logs of oak of 40 to 66 cm diameter to be lengthwise trimmed from two or four faces and then cut into two parts. It is recommended logs of beech of 30 to 44 cm diameter to be stay-log cut without lengthwise division in the whole log and logs over 44 cm diameter to be stay-log cut when divided into two parts. The necessary precondition of a quality veneer with a smooth surface and uniform thickness is keeping the geometry of cutting tools. It is necessary to check regularly determined parameters of a knife and nose bar in relation to a bolt. The nose bar and knife have to be made from a suitable material not causing colouring.

Industrial technologies for processing waste oils

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
L. Stan'kovski ◽  
◽  
V.A. Dorogochinskaya ◽  
B.P. Tonkonogov ◽  
A.A. Molokanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Distillate Fractions ◽  
Material Preparation ◽  
Selection Of

A brief review of the state of collection, disposal and processing of used oils shows the availability of their resource in the country and the main trends in the organization of qualified collection, disposal and processing according to the lubricating oil version. The relevant technologies are given for individual stages and in general for enterprises, the choice of which depends on the quality and characteristics of raw materials. The advantage of the technological scheme, including coagulation purification at the stage of raw material preparation and vacuum distillation with the selection of distillate fractions and the residue, followed by additional purification of the residue, is shown. The use of this technology makes it possible to increase the yield and quality of the target product, which is practically impossible for the raw materials currently available in the Russian Federation using other technologies.

scholarly journals PENGARUH RASIO ISOPROPIL ALKOHOL TERHADAP RECOVERY DAN KARAKTERISTIK SERBUK PEKTIN DARI KULIT KAKAO

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Venitalitya A. S. Augustia ◽  
Dian Ika Nugraha ◽  
Sang Kompiang Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Equivalent Weight ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Material Preparation

Cocoa is a fruit crop which is able to be planted in tropical climate, e.g. Indonesia. Generally, people only take the flesh of cocoa fruit and the peel is removed so that it will increase the volume of waste. The cocoa peel contains useful compounds for food and pharmaceutical industries, such as pectin. Hence, a research to increase the pectin retrieval quality from cocoa peel is needed in order to utilize the useful cocoa waste. Methods used in this research is solid-liquid extraction with water as solvent in the presence of acid (HCl). The process of making pectin powder is done through several steps here: (1) Raw material preparation, (2) Pectin extraction, and (3) Analysis of pectin powder. The extraction process is done at temperature of 70℃ for 90 minutes with the pH of the solvent is 1.5. The variation is done on the ratio of volume of isopropyl alcohol to the retrieved pectin. The result of the research shows that the recovery of pectin is at its peak at 6.50% with the percentage of water at 5,82%, equivalent weight of 6454,5242, metoxyl percentage of 5,76%, galacturonate percentage of 35,45%, and esterification level of 92,31%. The best quality of pectin, determined by the highest value of characterization, is obtained when the ratio of the filtrate to the volume of isopropyl alcohol is 1:1.

scholarly journals Medicine as a Driver for the Development of the Regional Economy in the Coal-Mining Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Kharlampenkov ◽  
Irina Kudryashova ◽  
Mikhail Sokolovsky ◽  
Nataly Zaharova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Regional Economy Development ◽  
New Jobs

Recently, there has been a reassessment of the impulses and drivers of economic development of such mono raw material subjects of the Russian Federation as Kuzbass. Their resource orientation is replaced by the need to search for new forms and content, including not only “monetization”, but also “socialization” of the effects obtained. Taking into account the global trend towards the “servicization” of the economy, the development of IT-technologies, the relevance of this problem in relation to the medicine in Kuzbass is extremely increasing. The article examines the state of medicine in the Kemerovo region, identifies trends in its development, positive and negative factors that promote or hinder sustainable growth. Based on the analysis of foreign approaches to modernizing the sphere of medicine, innovative tools for reforming this industry at the municipal and regional levels are proposed in order to create new jobs, improve the quality of life in Kuzbass. The authors proved the thesis that medicine in Kuzbass can become a driver of the municipal and regional economy development.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

Physico-Chemical Aspects of the Influence of Raw Material Components on the Quality of Ceramic Brick

2019 ◽  
Vol 777 (12) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
G.Yu. SHAGIGALIN ◽  
◽  
P.A. FEDOROV ◽  
L.N. LOMAKINA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Physico Chemical

New technologies of meat raw material preparation in production of uncooked smoked sausages

Vsyo o myase ◽  
1918 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
V.V. Nasonova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Motovilina ◽  
E.K. Tunieva ◽  
T.G. Kuznetsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Preparation

scholarly journals Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Sarika ◽  
Paul Nancarrow ◽  
Abdulrahman Khansaheb ◽  
Taleb Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals A Methodology Based on FT-IR Data Combined with Random Forest Model to Generate Spectralprints for the Characterization of High-Quality Vinegars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
José Luis P. Calle ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Gerardo F. Barbero ◽  
José Á. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Ft Ir

Sherry wine vinegar is a Spanish gourmet product under Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Before a vinegar can be labeled as Sherry vinegar, the product must meet certain requirements as established by its PDO, which, in this case, means that it has been produced following the traditional solera and criadera ageing system. The quality of the vinegar is determined by many factors such as the raw material, the acetification process or the aging system. For this reason, mainly producers, but also consumers, would benefit from the employment of effective analytical tools that allow precisely determining the origin and quality of vinegar. In the present study, a total of 48 Sherry vinegar samples manufactured from three different starting wines (Palomino Fino, Moscatel, and Pedro Ximénez wine) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data were combined with unsupervised exploratory techniques such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), as well as other nonparametric supervised techniques, namely, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), for the characterization of the samples. The HCA and PCA results present a clear grouping trend of the vinegar samples according to their raw materials. SVM in combination with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) successfully classified 100% of the samples, according to the type of wine used for their production. The RF method allowed selecting the most important variables to develop the characteristic fingerprint (“spectralprint”) of the vinegar samples according to their starting wine. Furthermore, the RF model reached 100% accuracy for both LOOCV and out-of-bag (OOB) sets.

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