scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE LECTRODEPOSITION PROCESS OF ANTIMONY-SELENIUM SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
V.A. Majidzade ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Region ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Cyclic Polarization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edx Analyses ◽  
High Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Antimony Selenide ◽  
Electrolysis Mode ◽  
High Absorption

Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3), is an excellent photovoltaic absorber due to its high absorption coefficient (> 105 cm–1) at the visible region and 1.17 eV band gap. In recent years, the power conversion efficiency of Sb2Se3 thin film solar cells has gradually enhanced. Therefore, given the great interest in this material, this work is devoted to the study of a mathematical model for the optimization of the preparation of thin Sb–Se films by the electrochemical method. The study was conducted by potentiodynamic, potentiostatic and galvanostatic methods carried out under different conditions at Pt, Cu and Ni elec-trodes. The kinetics and mechanism of the electroreduction of antimony and selenite ions in the tartaric acid were studied separately for the electrochemical deposition. On the basis of cyclic polarization, X-ray phase and SEM-EDX analyses, it is found that Sb–Se thin films are deposited on Pt and Ni electrodes, but not on Cu electrode. The mathematical calculations were performed in the OptimME software package using specially developed software for this process. By studying the effects of various factors (concentration of the initial components, temperature, current density, etc.), the optimal electrolysis mode and electrolyte composition for the co-deposition process were selected. Based on these results, Student and Fisher criteria were assigned for future purposes and regression coefficients were estimated. The obtained regression equation determines the electrolyte content and the electrolysis conditions, which allows precipitating the Sb–Se alloy containing the required amount of Sb. Calculations and experimental results show that the error of the regression equation for obtaining the Sb–Se alloy is =6.4%.

An investigation of physical properties and photovoltaic performance of methylammonium lead-tin iodide (CH3NH3Sn1-xPbxI3) solar cells

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Malekan ◽  
Mehdi Adelifard ◽  
Mohamad Mehdi Bagheri Mohagheghi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Absorption Coefficient ◽  
High Absorption

Purpose In the past several years, CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite material has been extensively evaluated as an absorber layer of perovskite solar cells due to its excellent structural and optical properties, and greater than 22% conversion efficiency. However, improvement and future commercialization of solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3 encountered restrictions due to toxicity and instability of the lead element. Recently, studies on properties of lead-free and mixture of lead with other cations perovskite thin films as light absorber materials have been reported. The purpose of this paper was the fabrication of CH3NH3Sn1-xPbxI3 thin films with different SnI2 concentrations in ambient condition, and study on the structural, morphological, optical, and photovoltaic performance of the studied solar cells. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed the formation of both CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3SnI3 phases with increasing the Sn concentration, and improvement in crystallinity and morphology was also observed. All perovskite layers had a relatively high absorption coefficient >104 cm−1 in the visible wavelengths, and the bandgap values varied in the range from 1.46 to 1.63 eV. Perovskite solar cells based on these thin films have been fabricated, and device performance was investigated. Results showed that photo-conversion efficiency (PCE) for the pure CH3NH3PbI3sample was 1.20%. With adding SnI2, PCE was increased to 4.48%. Design/methodology/approach In this work, the author mixed tin and lead with different percentages in the perovskite thin film. Also, the preparation of these layers and also other layers to fabricate solar cells based on them were conducted in an open and non-glove box environment. Finally, the effect of [Sn/Pb] ratio in the CH3NH3Sn1-xPbxI3 layers on the structural, morphological, optical, electrical and photovoltaic performance have been investigated. Findings CH3NH3Sn1-xPbxI3 (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0) perovskite thin films have been grown by a spin-coating technique. It was found that as tin concentration increases, the X-ray diffraction and FESEM images studies revealed the formation of both CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3SnI3 phases, and improvement in crystallinity, and morphology; all thin films had high absorption coefficient values close to 104 cm−1 in the visible region, and the direct optical bandgap in the layers decreases from 1.63 eV in pure CH3NH3SnI3 to 1.46 eV for CH3NH3Sn0.0.25Pb0.75I3 samples; all thin films had p-type conductivity, and mobility and carrier density increased; perovskite solar cells based on these thin films have been fabricated, and device performance was investigated. Results showed that photo-conversion efficiency (PCE) for the pure CH3NH3PbI3sample was 1.20%. With adding SnI2, PCE was increased to 4.48%. Originality/value The preparation method seems to be interesting as it is in an ambient environment without the protection of nitrogen or argon gas.

scholarly journals Electrodeposition of the Sb2Se3 thin films on various substrates from the tartaric electrolyte

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vusala Asim Majidzade ◽  
Akif Shikhan Aliyev ◽  
Parvin Haydar Guliyev ◽  
Dunya Mahammad Babanly
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Cyclic Polarization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edx Analyses

The present contribution is devoted to the electrochemical deposition of Sb2Se3 thin films from tartrate electrolyte. The study was conducted by potentiodynamic, potentiostatic and galvanostatic methods carried out under different conditions at Pt, Cu and Ni electrodes. The kinetics and mechanism of the electroreduction of antimony and selenite ions in the tartaric acid were studied separately for the electrochemical deposition. Comparison of the obtained polarization curves showed that co-deposition occurs between electroreduction potentials of antimony and selenium, indicating depolarization electrode effect for antimony ions. The influence of electrolyte compo­sition, pH, current density, temperature, etc. has been studied. On the basis of cyclic polarization, X-ray phase and SEM-EDX analyses, it is found that Sb-Se thin films are deposited on Pt and Ni electrodes, but not on Cu electrode. Black, uniform, crystalline and shiny films of the stoichiometric composition of Sb2Se3 compound are deposited on Pt and Ni electrodes within the 338-348 K temperature interval, pH 1.85, current density of 2.5-3.0 A/dm2, and annealing temperature of 703 K. Experiments were carried out using the optimal electrolyte composition containing 0.05 M SbOCl + 0.05 M H2SeO3 + 0.007 M C4H6O6.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Cu2O Nanostructured Thin Film by Anodizing

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Voon ◽  
B.Y. Lim ◽  
S.C.B. Gopinath ◽  
Y. Al-Douri ◽  
K.L. Foo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nanostructured Thin Film ◽  
Narrow Bandgap ◽  
Type Semiconductor ◽  
High Absorption Coefficient ◽  
P Type ◽  
O Phase ◽  
High Absorption

Abstract Cuprous oxide, a narrow bandgap p-type semiconductor, has been known as a potential material for applications in supercapacitors, hydrogen production, sensors, and energy conversion due to its properties such as non-toxicity, easy availability, cost effectiveness, high absorption coefficient in the visible region and large minority carriers diffusion length. In this study, Cu2O nanostructured thin film was fabricated by anodizing of Cu plates in ethylene glycol containing 0.15 M KOH, 0.1 M NH4F and 3 wt.% deionized water. The effects of anodizing voltage and temperature of electrolyte were investigated and reported. It was found that nanoporous Cu2O thin film was formed when anodizing voltages of 50 V and 70 V were used while a dense Cu2O thin film was formed due to the aggregation of smaller nanoparticles when 30 V anodizing voltage was used. Nanoplatelets thin film was formed when the temperature of electrolyte was reduced to 15 °C and 5 °C. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of Cu2O phase in thin film formed during anodizing of Cu plates, regardless of the anodizing voltage and temperature of electrolyte. Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed the presence of Cu2O peak at 630 nm corresponding to band gap of 1.97 eV. A mechanism of the formation of Cu2O thin film was proposed. This study reported the ease of tailoring Cu2O nanostructures of different morphologies using anodizing that may help widen the applications of this material

scholarly journals Preparation of CdTe Nuclear Detector Material in Thin Film Form using Thermal Evaporation Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
K M A Hussain ◽  
T. Faruqe ◽  
J. Parvin ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
Z. H. Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thermal Evaporation ◽  
Radiation Detector ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Evaporation Method ◽  
X Ray

A study is initiated about cadmium telluride (CdTe) materials deposition and characterization for radiation detector application. The CdTe thin film was grown on glass substrate using thermal evaporation technique in vacuum to avoid the inclusion of impurities in the films. Three different samples were prepared where film thickness were 500, 600 and 700 nm measured by insitu quartz crystal thickness monitoring device during deposition process. The structural studies of the films were carried out using (X-ray diffraction) XRD analytical study and optical measurements were performed in the UV-VIS-NIR region using a spectrophotometer. The films grown at room temperature are polycrystalline as found by X-ray diffraction peaks. The optical transmission spectra of CdTe films showed a high transmission of about 85% to 90% in the visible region with a sharp fall near the fundamental absorption at 880 nm wavelength for the 500 and 600 nm films, and fundamental absorption at 1270 nm wavelength for 700 nm film.

Effect of trytophan as dopant on potassium acid phthalate single crystals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slow Evaporation Technique ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Potassium Acid Phthalate ◽  
Acid Phthalate

Optically transparent single crystals of potassium acid phthalate (KAP, 0.5 g) 0.05 g and 0.1 g (1 and 2 mol %) trytophan were grown in aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. Single crystal X- ray diffraction analysis confirmed the changes in the lattice parameters of the doped crystals. The presence of functional groups in the crystal lattice has been determined qualitatively by FTIR analysis. Optical absorption studies revealed that the doped crystals possess very low absorption in the entire visible region. The dielectric constant has been studied as a function of frequency for the doped crystals. The thermal stability was evaluated by TG-DSC analysis.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Percentages of Binders on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Rhizophora spp. Particleboard as Natural-Based Tissue-Equivalent Phantom for Radiation Dosimetry Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1868
Author(s):  
Siti Hajar Zuber ◽  
Nurul Ab. Aziz Hashikin ◽  
Mohd Fahmi Mohd Yusof ◽  
Mohd Zahri Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rokiah Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radiation Dosimetry ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Equivalent ◽  
Tissue Equivalent Phantom ◽  
Edx Analyses

Rhizophora spp. particleboard with the incorporation of lignin and soy flour as binders were fabricated and the influence of different percentages of lignin and soy flour (0%, 6% and 12%) on the physico-mechanical properties of the particleboard were studied. The samples were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and internal bonding. The results stipulated that the addition of binders in the fabrication of the particleboard did not change the functional groups according to the FTIR spectrum. For XRD, addition of binders did not reveal any major transformation within the composites. SEM and EDX analyses for all percentages of binders added showed no apparent disparity; however, it is important to note that the incorporation of binders allows better bonding between the molecules. In XRF analysis, lower percentage of chlorine in the adhesive-bonded samples may be advantageous in maintaining the natural properties of the particleboard. In internal bonding, increased internal bond strength in samples with binders may indicate better structural integrity and physico-mechanical strength. In conclusion, the incorporation of lignin and soy flour as binders may potentially strengthen and fortify the particleboard, thus, can be a reliable phantom in radiation dosimetry applications.

scholarly journals Rational Design of Aqueous Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles as Potential Theranostic Agents of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Koralli ◽  
Spyridon Tsikalakis ◽  
Maria Goulielmaki ◽  
Stella Arelaki ◽  
Janina Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Polymer Nanoparticles ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
High Absorption Coefficient ◽  
High Absorption

Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have emerged as a new promising class of cancer theranostic agents due to their desirable optical features, such as high absorption coefficient and photoluminescence quantum yields,...

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