ROLE OF DROUGHT AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS IN ORGANIZATION OF NUT ORGANIZATIONS IN MOUNTAIN AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Odina Khasanova ◽  
Karomathon Kholmatova
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mountain Areas

scholarly journals Formation Patterns of Mediterranean High-Mountain Water-Bodies in Sierra-Nevada, SE Spain

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Diaz-Hernandez ◽  
Antonio Jose Herrera-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Glacial Processes ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Water Volumes

At present, there is a lack of detailed understanding on how the factors converging on water variables from mountain areas modify the quantity and quality of their watercourses, which are features determining these areas’ hydrological contribution to downstream regions. In order to remedy this situation to some extent, we studied the water-bodies of the western sector of the Sierra Nevada massif (Spain). Since thaw is a necessary but not sufficient contributor to the formation of these fragile water-bodies, we carried out field visits to identify their number, size and spatial distribution as well as their different modelling processes. The best-defined water-bodies were the result of glacial processes, such as overdeepening and moraine dams. These water-bodies are the highest in the massif (2918 m mean altitude), the largest and the deepest, making up 72% of the total. Another group is formed by hillside instability phenomena, which are very dynamic and are related to a variety of processes. The resulting water-bodies are irregular and located at lower altitudes (2842 m mean altitude), representing 25% of the total. The third group is the smallest (3%), with one subgroup formed by anthropic causes and another formed from unknown origin. It has recently been found that the Mediterranean and Atlantic watersheds of this massif are somewhat paradoxical in behaviour, since, despite its higher xericity, the Mediterranean watershed generally has higher water contents than the Atlantic. The overall cause of these discrepancies between watersheds is not connected to their formation processes. However, we found that the classification of water volumes by the manners of formation of their water-bodies is not coherent with the associated green fringes because of the anomalous behaviour of the water-bodies formed by moraine dams. This discrepancy is largely due to the passive role of the water retained in this type of water-body as it depends on the characteristics of its hollows. The water-bodies of Sierra Nevada close to the peak line (2918 m mean altitude) are therefore highly dependent on the glacial processes that created the hollows in which they are located. Slope instability created water-bodies mainly located at lower altitudes (2842 m mean altitude), representing tectonic weak zones or accumulation of debris, which are influenced by intense slope dynamics. These water-bodies are therefore more fragile, and their existence is probably more short-lived than that of bodies created under glacial conditions.

Conservation and value of local livestock breeds: usefulness of niche products and/or adaptation to specific environments

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Verrier ◽  
M. Tixier-Boichard ◽  
R. Bernigaud ◽  
M. Naves
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Chicken Breed ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
High Quality Product

SummaryTwo cases of livestock production involving French local breeds are analysed. The first shows how a high quality product under AOC (Protected Designation of Origin — PDO) has been defined for the Bresse chicken breed, formely kept by fancy breeders. The second shows the role of the local cattle breeds Abondance and Tarentaise in both the use of mountain areas and the development of PDO products. How to consider such values in a public policy dealing with farm animal genetic resources is discussed.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH IN THE KEMEROVO REGION

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Надежда Егорова ◽  
Nadezhda Egorova ◽  
Юрий Удодов ◽  
Yurii Udodov
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Kuznetsk Coal ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Geographical Knowledge ◽  
Kuznetsk Coal Basin ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
Geography Teaching ◽  
History Of

<p>The article describes the main stages of development of geographical knowledge about nature, economy and population in theKemerovoregion. The stage of initial accumulation of geographical knowledge and the development of the mineral riches of the plains and mountain areas of the region was defined. The article features the contribution of the explorers to the study of the physiographic features of the Kuznetsk region, the contribution of scientific research in academic and interdisciplinary expeditions to expand the knowledge about the territory. It defines the role of geologists in the discovery, exploration and in the study of the region and the Kuznetsk coal basin. The author has selected special Lutugin and Soviet stages in the development of geological knowledge, including that about the Kuznetsk coal basin (Kuzbass). The article specifies the contribution of scientists to the study of the relief, climate and inland waters, including the contribution of botanists, zoologists, soil scientists of theTomskandNovosibirskuniversities in the study of soil-vegetation cover of theKemerovoregion. The emphasis is on physical-geographical and economic-geographical research, the role of the Department of geography, Geology and geography teaching methodology in these studies. In conclusion, a retrospective of the main stages of geographical research of the territory of theKemerovoregion and their event content was constructed.</p>

scholarly journals The Legacy of the Idrija Mine Twenty-Five Years after Closing: Is Mercury in the Water Column of the Gulf of Trieste Still an Environmental Issue?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10192
Author(s):  
Elena Pavoni ◽  
Elisa Petranich ◽  
Sergio Signore ◽  
Giorgio Fontolan ◽  
Stefano Covelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Northern Adriatic Sea ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Gulf Of Trieste ◽  
Freshwater Inputs

Mercury (Hg) contamination in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) due to mining activity in Idrija (Slovenia) still represents an issue of environmental concern. The Isonzo/Soča River’s freshwater inputs have been identified as the main source of Hg into the Gulf, especially following periods of medium-high discharge. This research aims to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of dissolved (DHg) and particulate (PHg) Hg along the water column in the northernmost sector of the Gulf, a shallow and sheltered embayment suitable for the accumulation of fine sediments. Sediment and water samples were collected under unperturbed and perturbed environmental conditions induced by natural and anthropogenic factors. Mercury in the sediments (0.77–6.39 µg g−1) and its relationship to grain size were found to be consistent with previous research focused on the entire Gulf, testifying to the common origin of the sediment. Results showed a notable variability of DHg (<LOD–149 ng L−1) and PHg (0.39–12.5 ng L−1) depending on the interaction between riverine and marine hydrological conditions. Mercury was found to be mainly partitioned in the suspended particles, especially following periods of high discharge, thus confirming the crucial role of the river inputs in regulating PHg distribution in the Gulf.

scholarly journals Changes in Foliar Functional Traits of S. pyrenaicus subsp. carpetanus under the Ongoing Climate Change: A Retrospective Survey

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Rosina Magaña Ugarte ◽  
Adrián Escudero ◽  
Daniel Sánchez Mata ◽  
Rosario G. Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Physiological Approach ◽  
Stomatal Traits

The sensitivity of stomatal behavior and patterning (i.e., distribution, density, size) to environmental stimuli, renders them crucial for defining the physiological performance of leaves. Thus, assessing long-term modifications in stomatal traits in conserved specimens arises as a valuable eco-physiological approach to predict how the rising trend of warmer, drier summers could affect plant fitness; particularly in mountain areas already experiencing climate aggravation and lacking the related monitoring schemes like Mediterranean high-mountains. Variations in foliar and stomatal traits were studied in conserved specimens of Senecio pyrenaicus subsp. carpetanus from Sierra de Guadarrama over the past 71 years. Our findings revealed decreasing trends in leaf width, stomatal size, and increasing tendency in stomatal density, all correlated with the recent 30-year climate exacerbation in these mountains. This evidenced a positive selection favoring traits that allow safeguarding plant performance under drier, hotter weather conditions. The significant relation between stomatal traits and climatic variables upholds the role of stomatal patterning in sensing environmental cues in this species, feasibly optimizing physiological responses involved in the growth–water loss trade-off. The transition to smaller, densely packed stomata observed in recent decades could indicate local-adaptive plasticity in this species, enhancing stomatal response, as coarser environmental conditions take place in Sierra de Guadarrama.

scholarly journals The Growth of Mountain Tourism in a Traditional Forest Area of Greece

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stilianos Tampakis ◽  
Veronika Andrea ◽  
Paraskevi Karanikola ◽  
Ioannis Pailas
Keyword(s):  
Forest Service ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Local Growth ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Reliability Factor ◽  
Forest Recreation

The recreational value of forests in mountain areas creates significant potential for local growth. Indeed, in recent decades, it has been noted that there has been an increase in the popularity of forests recognized as tourism destinations with a strong recreational importance. In the forest area of Metsovo, the locals are aware of the role of tourism in local growth, and it is considered, along with forestry and livestock farming, as the major critical advantage for sustainable development. Research Highlights: Although the locals are satisfied with the quality of their lives, they consider that mountain tourism should be enhanced with certain prerequisites, such as forest infrastructure and improvement of the road network. Background and Objectives: The case study aims to examine and interpret the locals’ views in the mountain area of Metsovo on different factors that are able to support and encourage the growth of mountain tourism. Materials and Methods: Simple random sampling was applied, and data collection took place in 2018. In order to analyze and synthesize the locals’ views, reliability, factor, and hierarchical cluster analyses were used. Results: The main findings of the survey indicate that according to the locals’ views, there is a need for strategic organization addressing primarily forest recreation infrastructures from the Forest Service. Conclusions: The locals’ views are focused on mountain tourism-related exploitation with the aim of forest recreation infrastructures. Indeed, the locals acknowledge the important role of the forest service in conservation schemes, but they also identify that there are forest recreational potentials in their area that need to be enhanced by the central administration and locally by the Forest Service.

Growing Ourselves to Death? Economic and Ecological Crises, the Growth of Waste, and the Role of the Media and Cultural Industries

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Trish Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Media Industries ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Discourses

Since the financial crash of 2008, large sectors of capitalist economies have been enveloped by a crisis that is typically represented by media discourses in purely economic and financial terms. However, the crisis is also ecological. Yet, while media discourses frequently embrace and propose small-scale environmental remedies, it is rarely pointed out that such calls stand at odds with the consumer capitalist system under which the media industries operate. Adopting a ‘business as usual’ approach to consumption, the media industries encourage the public to shop their way out of recession, despite crippling austerity measures that have been imposed on them. This is in the face of an unprecedented ecological crisis which is now largely accepted as due to anthropogenic factors. In light of this ecological crisis, continued growth-based economic paradigms are increasingly deemed unsustainable. Yet frequently, media discourse uncritically takes growth and waste as two aspects of an unchanging and necessary paradigm. Against this backdrop of economic and ecological crises this paper draws on a set of critical cross-disciplinary literature from Harvey's political economy, to Foster and Moore's political ecology to Baran and Sweezy on waste, through to Adorno, Bourdieu and Garnham, to identify and engage with the strategic role of the media. It outlines crisis theories of economy and ecology, moving on to discuss crucial, if neglected aspects of the role of the media and cultural industries with respect to these crises. This paper advances the view that the role of the media in construction of norms with respect to consumption practices and waste is of significance and arguably needs to be incorporated into crisis theory of both economy and ecology.

scholarly journals The impact of anthropogenic factors on the natural values of the water reservoirs in Sosnowiec (Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Dąbrowska ◽  
Marek Sołtysiak
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Many plant and animal species are closely related to the aquatic environment. Small reservoirs are a place of the biodiversity concentration. Reservoirs are especially important for amphibian species as a place of feeding, shelter and wintering. Many anthropogenic factors has a significant impact on the natural values of water reservoirs (surroundings of the water reservoirs, the shore`s type, distance from roads and buildings, the role of the object and the chemical status). They can eliminate or change amphibian population. The effect of three such factors was determined for one of the cities in the Upper Silesian Agglomeration - Sosnowiec (91 km2). The paper presents an assessment of the impact of the type of surroundings, the percentage share of the open space around water reservoirs and the distance from roads and buildings on the number of amphibian species present in the reservoir. In the analysis were taken into account 20 reservoirs, in which amphibian species were found. This analysis indicates the influence urban factors on the number of amphibian species in water reservoirs based on positive correlations in the case of Spearman Rank correlation and the Fisher’s exact test. Results of these calculations highlight the negative impact of the anthropopressure (the changes in the environment) on the amphibian breeding places and the biodiversity.

scholarly journals The role of rivers and streams in the migration of alien plants into the Polish Carpathians

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Zając ◽  
Barbara Tokarska-Guzik ◽  
Maria Zając
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
River Valleys

The role of rivers and streams in the migration of alien plants into the Polish CarpathiansThe Carpathians are among the regions of Poland that are generally less susceptible to invasive alien plants. The factor limiting the spread of the species of this group is, above all, the mountain climate. Even species originating from other mountain regions, e.g. the HimalayanImpatiens glandulifera, have their localities only at low elevations, in the Carpathian foothills. In most cases, alien plant species migrate into the Carpathians from the lowlands. The river valleys provide the migration corridors used by alien species in the course of their progress into new territories of the upper mountain localities. The situation along some mountain rivers, where invasive alien species dominate the native vegetation, is dramatic. Their spread is facilitated not only by easy diaspore transport but also by some anthropogenic factors, such as, river engineering and the transformation of riparian habitats and progressing devastation. Currently, we can observe some invasive alien plants "in statu nascendi", developing a new, secondary range in the Carpathians (e.g.Chaerophyllum aureum) or at the foothills, along the Wisła (Vistula) and San river valleys (e.g.Eragrostis albensis). For some species, cities were the destination for the first stage of future migration, e.g.Acer negundo. In the Carpathians, where many national parks and nature reserves are located, the continuous monitoring of the spread of invasive alien plants should be one of the principal activities of botanists.

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