scholarly journals Comparative analysis of didactic difficulties of Russian and foreign teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-486
Author(s):  
Olga V. Korshunova ◽  
◽  
Olga G. Selivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
General Education ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Holistic Learning ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Foreign Teachers ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Urban Educators ◽  
Theoretical Generalization

The need to solve the problem of improving the quality of education actualizes the comprehension of the problem of identifying, establishing the causes of occurrence, developing ways to overcome the didactic difficulties of teachers in the information society. However, no scientific studies based on the results of the works of foreign scientists on this issue, systematically reflecting the essence of the issue for Russian schools in a comparative way in modern conditions, have not been found. At the same time, comparative analysis can contribute to a deeper understanding of the educational situation in the context of the study of professional didactic difficulties of both Russian and foreign teachers. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption of the presence of invariant (regardless of historical time, country) and variable (determined by the socio-cultural conditions of a particular country, the territorial location of the educational organization (village-city), professional and personal characteristics of the teacher, etc.) difficulties of teachers. The purpose of the study is to formulate and characterize the current state of the problem of identifying, establishing the causes of its occurrence, developing ways to overcome the didactic difficulties of teachers in a comparative aspect. The methodological foundations are systematic, monitoring and praxeological approaches with leading methods of content analysis, "panel research", theoretical generalization of empirical data based on the results of the activities of 15 innovative regional sites in the Kirov region (a sample of 68 teachers from urban and rural schools). The results of the application of the methodology "Professional needs and difficulties of teachers" made it possible to confirm the theoretical conclusions on the difficulties of foreign teachers and to record the empirical facts of the didactic difficulties of teachers in Russia. Thus, significant similarities were revealed between the difficulties of teachers of the studied groups in 10 studied blocks (50 competencies) of a teacher: personal, legal, economic, managerial, general cultural, general educational, communicative, psychological, methodological, technological. The processing used qualitative methods of mathematical statistics. Urban educators show a higher level of professional hardship. Difficulties of varying degrees were identified for all studied competencies. 4 groups of difficulties were identified: 1st group: difficulties experienced by more than 50% of teachers (3 indicators each); 2nd – from 40 to 50% (5-6 indicators); 3rd group – from 30 to 40% (more than 10); 4th group – less than 30% (about 30). At the same time, it was found that more than half of the respondents experience difficulties due to the low level of proficiency in digital technologies; the presence of a professional deficit in pedagogical communication is confirmed by the choice of the indicator “contact with people” (43.24% of rural and 72.73% of urban teachers); makes it difficult for teachers to independently study didactic theories and achieve meta-subject results, etc. The classification of teachers' difficulties developed by the authors on the basis of "design, implementation and analysis of holistic learning", which allows to systematically identify similar and different elements of didactic difficulties of teachers in Russia and abroad; presented the author's interpretation of the term "didactic difficulties of teachers" in the context of determining the axes of the didactic triangle; generalized scientific and methodological options for overcoming the didactic difficulties of teachers of general education in Russia and abroad (organizing methodological work at school, conducting communication and creativity trainings for teachers on relevant topics) expand the theoretical understanding of the problem under study and can be useful in organizing the activities of school, municipal and regional methodological services in the implementation of scientific and methodological support for teachers of general education.

The (Mis) Education of Immigrant Children in Today’s America

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Gabriela E. Gui
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Survey Interviews ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Education Classrooms

In today’s America, not every child starts on a level playing field, and very few children move ahead based solely on hard work or talent. Generational poverty and a lack of cultural capital hold many students back, robbing them of the opportunity to move up professionally and socially. Children of immigrants are especially at-risk because, in addition to facing poverty, race, geographical location or economic disadvantages, they are also confronted with failure due to their limited or non-existent English proficiency. This study focuses on the degree to which teachers in a mid-sized urban school district take into consideration the individual needs of immigrant children in the process of their education. The study also examines the preparation teachers have had to equip them with knowledge of best practices in teaching immigrant children, and the relationship between teachers’ practices, beliefs, and their demographic and personal characteristics (age, gender, years of experience, level of education, etc.). Quantitative data was collected via a survey. Interviews with teachers and one central office administrator provided data for the qualitative section of the study. The findings revealed that teachers, in general, appeared to lack knowledge of specific policies for mainstreaming immigrant students into general education classrooms; their use of effective teaching practices for working with immigrant children were limited; and most of the teachers had not participated actively in professional development that focused on teaching immigrant children.

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE TYPES OF SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE SITUATION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
O. A. Belyaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Individual

The ideas of the article are based on the high social significance of discussing the practices of inclusive interaction in various spheres of life and ensuring the variability of approaches to the integration of children with special educational needs into the general education system. On the basis of the environmental approach in education, presented in the works of domestic and foreign authors, the basic principles are outlined and the general difficulties of the functioning of inclusive practice at the present stage are identified. The strategy of applying the vector approach to the examination and modeling of the environment of inclusive interaction and designing ways to improve it for the organization of psychological and pedagogical support of the educational process in school is justified. On the basis of the generalized results of the survey of teachers who organize the education of children with disabilities in non-specialized classes, the features and the type of relations that are currently developing in the joint education of schoolchildren with different educational needs during their integration into a single educational space are characterized. Using the methodology of psychological and pedagogical expertise of the school environment, the typification of the most characteristic influences exerted at modern schools on a child with a developmental disorder is carried out. The emerging dominant modality of the educational environment, its orientation to the development of relationships between teachers and peers, based on the priority of stimulating the activity of the individual with different degrees of manifestation of its freedom or dependence, is revealed. The article describes potential capabilities of each of the diagnosed types of environment in terms of its resources for ensuring freedom of choice of activities, stimulating activity, developing students' independence, and forming their personal characteristics. The diagnosed priority of creative and career-oriented orientation allowed us to draw conclusions about the currently established approaches to the inclusion of children with deviant development in the environment of normotypic peers.

scholarly journals The system of personalized instruction in school education: problems of implementation and adaptation

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Polina O. Kraynova ◽  
Alexey S. Obukhov
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Personalized Learning ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Learning System ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual

In the context of global trends in the humanization of education, issues of differentiation, individualization and personalization of education are actively discussed. At the same time, the key question remains – how to preserve the individual capabilities, interests and needs of each student while maintaining collective learning formats? How to take into account the personal characteristics and capabilities of each when passing and mastering general education programs? One such solution was the PCBL personalized learning platform developed in the USA. Currently, the Khoroshevskaya school is introducing and adapting this platform to the Russian conditions of education. The article examines the specific case of implementing a system of personalized competency-based education in a separate school – what problems, barriers and difficulties are encountered in its implementation. The study is built in the logic of qualitative research on the basis of high-quality research interviews with the main participants in the educational process in the context of introducing a personalized learning system.

Mother’s love in “Shakhnameh” by Ferdowsi and “Khamsa” by Nizami

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-115
Author(s):  
Nodira J. Ashurova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Medieval Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Analysis Of The Images ◽  
Images Of Women

The image of good-natured women mothers in medieval literature has always been in the center of attention of writers to express instructive thoughts and lofty humanistic ideas. In this regard, in order to give aesthetic significance to their works, writers with great professional creative skill in their works vividly depicted the images of women. Along with beauty, tenderness, restraint and courage, motherly love was the source of their power and strength in the writer's work. The article attempts to make a comparative analysis of the images of bold and beautiful women in “Shahnama” by Ferdowsi and “Khamsa” by Nizami. The novelty of the research comes down to the fact that the comparative aspect of the concept of a woman-mother is considered from the point of view of typological commonality and character differences. The images in the above-mentioned works are analyzed and the behavioral features, beauty, charm, knowledge and mind of women are characterized, the differences in images are determined.

scholarly journals On first volume of the compilation “100 Songs of Yakutia” (songs for voice with piano arranged by M. N. Zhirkov and G. G. Lobachev, song fragments from the operas by M. N. Zhirkov And G. I. Litinsky)

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Vladimirovna Pavlova-Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
National Library ◽  
Type Analysis ◽  
Sakha Republic ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

The object of this research is the arrangement of Yakut folk songs preserved in the fund of the first Yakut composer M. N. Zhirkov (1892-1951) in the National Library of Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The subject of this research is the manuscript “100 Songs of Yakutia”. Part of them were published in the compilations “Sakha Yryalara” (1948) and “Yakut Folk Songs” (1958). Special attention in the comparative aspect is given to the published examples, namely in the music collections of A. V. Scryabin and F. G. Kornilov. The article discusses the inner content of songs arrangement that were included into the manuscript “100 Songs of Yakutia”, commentaries of the experts, and testimonies of the contemporaries. The author raises the question of co-authorship of the melodies and arrangements, some of which are the folk melodies. The examples characterized with the developed melodious structure are viewed as the result of melodic creativity of the amateur authors, as well as the impact of musical professionalism of the European type. Analysis of the manuscript heritgage of M. N. Zhirkov demonstrated that multiple arrangements of the Yakut folk songs were conducted in collaboration with Moscow composers G. I. Litinsky and G. G. Lobachev. The article is first to carry out a comparative analysis of the corpus of song arrangements from the manuscript of M. N. Zhirkov “100 Songs of Yakutia” preserved in the funds of the National Library of Sakha Republic (Yakutia).

scholarly journals REPRESENTATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN KAREN HORNEY’S CHARACTEROLOGICAL ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
E. A. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Problem ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Karen Horney

The purpose of research is to establish K. Horney’s views on psychological problems, by means of theoretical analysis of literature. The term "psychological problem" is not mentioned by Karen Horney, however, she describes emotional, cognitive and behavioral problems of individual components of personality, which allows us to treat the problems as psychological. Emotional, cognitive and behavioral problems are interrelated components that allow us to speak about the specific structure of psychological problems. According to Karen Horney, problems appear due to socio-cultural conditions that create stressful situations for the person (or their environment), their processing depends on the personal characteristics, and in some cases leads to neurosis or psychological problems. Neurosis emerges in the setting of psychological problems and a failed attempt to adapt to them; neurosis can be regarded as a secondary problem on the background of the primary psychological problem. Karen Horney identifies personal problems, problems of work activity, relationship problems and problems associated with the aim. Social issues, particularly the problem of work activity or relationship problems, can occur secondary and result from personal problems. The results obtained show that, in spite of the fact that Karen Horney’s studies did not focus on psychological problems, by comparing problems with a neurosis, she refers to certain types of psychological problems, their causes, mechanisms of occurrence, structure, implications which allows one to highlight the psychological problems as a separate psychological category. The results are expanding the understanding of the matter and may be useful in practical psychology when dealing with clients.

scholarly journals Problems of Organizing the System of General Military Training in 1918-1920: Western Siberia and Olonetsk Province – a Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 288-299
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kalinina ◽  
Tatiana V. Sarycheva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
General Education ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Active Research

The article examines the problems of organizing the system of general military training and the development of physical culture and sports in 1918-1920 in Olonets province and the Western Siberia. The scale of the Russian state determined the different time frames for the creation of branches of the General Education on its territory, in connection with which the question of the identity of their functioning in different regions of the country is interesting. On the basis of legislative acts, archival and documentary sources, the authors reconstruct the activities of the provincial and district branches of the General Education on the organization of military training courses, on the creation of elementary sports facilities, on attracting young people to physical education and sports. The study focuses on the problems and difficulties of organizing this work in districts. Domestic historiography on the history of the organization of general military training in the Russian province is insignificant. Active research work on the development of physical culture and sports in 1918-1920 continues in modern Russia is going on, without losing its relevance to the present. The novelty of the research is determined by the introduction of previously unpublished sources into scientific circulation. For the first time, the authors attempted a comparative analysis to determine the tendency for the creation and operation of branches of the General Education on the example of two regions significantly remote from the center of the country – Western Siberia and Olonets province. The restoration of historical details on the organization of physical culture and sports in the years 1918-1920 on the ground: the creation of provincial and district branches of the Vsevobuch, financing, the opening of general military training courses and the development of physical culture and sports on the ground will help significantly complete the picture of the historical events of the Civil War in Western Siberia and in the Olonets province

scholarly journals SANITARY-EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING OF ADOLESCENTS: RISK FACTORS, TECHNOLOGIES OF PROVIDING

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. Labutieva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
General Education ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Organizations

In modern conditions, there is an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders among all age groups and high rates of adolescent suicides. The purpose of the study is to assess the sanitary-epidemiological and psychological well-being of adolescents studying in various educational institutions. The object of the study was 100 girls and 100 boys aged 15-18 years, studying in general education schools and col-leges. The study used hygienic, sociological, clinical, follow-up and statistical methods. The assessment of the conditions and organization of training in the schools surveyed allowed them to be classified as optimally acceptable, and in colleges – to potentially dangerous, and to predict in the latter the formation of morphofunctional deviations in adolescents. Various forms of mental disorders were revealed in 67.5 % of the surveyed patients. A significant part (36 %) of them were made up of painful conditions, 16 % of them – neurotic reactions, 20 % – pathocharacter reactions. Actually, neuroses were revealed in 20 % of surveyed patients. There was found a significant prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents in colleges – 82 %, compared to schools – 53 % due to pathocharacter reactions. Pathocharacterological and accented personal characteristics are the most important predictors of mental disorders. From them are formed risk groups, which should be in the sphere of attention of medical and pedagogical workers of educational organizations. The features of the formation of mental disorders in adolescents require pri-mary and secondary psychoprophylaxis in these groups.

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