Assessment of environmental and economic benefits of packaging waste system in Italy

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
Francesco Colelli ◽  
Edoardo Croci
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Avoided Emissions ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits

The paper quantifies social costs and social benefits of packaging waste management system in Italy from 2015 to 2030. Future social costs and benefits are estimated based on the growth of waste generated and on the stringency of recycling and landfilling targets. Packaging waste generation is projected based on macroeconomic factors, consumer practices and technological eco-innovations. Social benefits are derived by the reduction of externalities' correspondent to the achievement of packaging waste management targets. We quantify two environmental ben-efits: avoided emissions and raw materials saved. We find that social costs may rise substan-tially in the future, as total system's operations costs in 2030 may increase by 48% with re-spect to 2015, due to the growth in the quantities of packaging waste generated. Meeting recy-cling and landfilling targets set by the new Circular Economy Package would imply a further 5% increase in total social costs in 2015. This latter increase is more than compensated by so-cial benefits related to the reduction in externalities due to more stringent targets.

Co-Processing Hazardous Waste in the Chinese Cement Industry - Status 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Xu ◽  
Shao Feng Sun ◽  
Kårehelge Karstensen ◽  
Da Hai Yan ◽  
Zheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
The World

As China develops its economy, hazardous waste generation is expected to increase rapidly. Recovery and recycling, i.e. co-processing of Alternative Fuels and Raw materials (AFRs) and treatment of hazardous waste in energy-and resource-intensive industries such as the cement industry seems to be an supplementary option to conventional technologies which can increase the overall waste management capacity in China significantly. With the largest cement production in the world, the industry can save significant amounts of non-renewable coal and raw materials by substitution with wastes which needs treatment. However, co-processing requires appropriate regulations and policies to support its development and safe and sound implementation.

scholarly journals TRADITIONAL MARKET SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDY IN KEPANJEN, MALANG DISTRICT

Konversi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardianto Hardianto ◽  
I Nyoman Sudiasa ◽  
Shendy Hilda Sari
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Method Calculation ◽  
Solid Waste Generation

Traditional markets are commercial areas that produce household-type solid waste so that the generation, composition, and the characteristics of the solid waste in Kepanjen Market will be different. This research is related to the reduction potential to improve solid waste management with the aim of determining the generation, composition, characteristics, collection and the transportation of the solid waste. The data used in this study include operational technical solid waste data, as well as secondary data such as area, number of traders, solid waste management resources, collection facilities, transportation routes, supporting maps. Solid waste generation calculation uses load-count analysis method. Calculation of solid waste composition uses the crossroad method. Calculation of physical characteristics includes specific gravity of solid waste. Calculation of transportation of solid waste uses the Hauled Container System method. Mass balance is analyzed using recovery factor values. The results of the analysis show that the solid waste generation average is 2.94 m3/day, with a specific gravity of 190.03 kg/m3. The highest composition of solid waste is food solid waste by 28.67% and vegetable and fruit solid waste by 22.67%. These components can be used as compost raw materials. The potential reduction with the mass balance method shows that the residue is 201.49 kg/day, reduction scenario can reduce solid waste by 36.06% of the total load that must be transported to the Final Processing Site. The solid waste transport result with the capacity/size of 6-10 m3 of a transport vehicle (arm roll truck) shows that the effective working hours for 8 hours can pick up the solid waste in 1 trip, and the transport fleet can serve other markets.

Application of Reverse Logistics for the Recycling of Polypropylene Waste and Oyster Shell

2019 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
M.F.S. Gonçalves ◽  
N.C. Pereira ◽  
Mauro Cesar Terence
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Reverse Logistic ◽  
Proactive Measures

The increase in waste generation affects the daily lives of millions of people. This study is about the waste of the polypropylene and oyster shell. Some of the present research focuses on strategic proactive measures incorporating life cycle analysis, and others on end-of-pipe, traditional waste management technology evaluations. In all recovery actions, economic benefits are related with direct and indirect gains. Decreasing the use of raw materials and waste materials, obtaining valuable spare parts and other financial opportunities like second hand market are among direct gains. The objective is meet the waste of the polypropylene and oyster shell and measure the structure of reverse logistic to these waste. The structure of the reverse logistic is to increaser amount more volume the waste and to be viable to treatment. The study intend approach the chain reverse of the waste and show the limitation and opportunities this process. Is hoped to find the results of the characterization and discover what ways is possible to application.

scholarly journals Waste management system in Romania – status and development for bioeconomy

2019 ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
Steliana Rodino ◽  
Marian Butu ◽  
Raluca Ion
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Water And Soil Pollution ◽  
Superior Level

The waste management strategies released and applied in EU countries endeavor to achieve the improvement of natural resources use and efficiency towards reducing the air, water and soil pollution due to improper waste disposal or treatment. This paper is a blueprint on waste generation and waste management Policies, Laws and strategies existing in Romania compared to EU countries. According to Directive 2008/98/EC Waste, is defined as “any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard”. One of the main principles of waste management strategies is to be able to process the waste generated towards reaching as up as possible the Waste Management Hierarchy. From the circular economy concept point of view, the incorrect treatment of waste is representing an important loss of resources, both in raw materials and energy and therefore recycling and reuse should reach a superior level every year.

scholarly journals Textile packaging waste in the context of implementing the concept of circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (05) ◽  
pp. 499-503
Author(s):  
Eftalea Carpus ◽  
Angela Dorogan ◽  
Cristina Stroe
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Legislative Measures

At European level, there are concrete measures regarding waste management in the circular economy, and these refer to: mandatory recycling rates for different categories of waste: plastics, glass, metals, paper and cardboard as well as biodegradable waste; the obligation to redesign the products in order to increase the proportion of raw materials resulting from recycling and to increase the degree of recycling of products, in order to consider them as secondary raw materials; promoting and stimulating the reuse of products; increasing the recycling rate of municipal waste by 2030 to a minimum of 65%; increasing the recycling rate of packaging waste by 2030 to a minimum of 75%; reduction of food wastage and implicitly of the resulted food waste by 50% by 2030. The large amount of packaging waste determined the taking of legislative measures that defined the obligations of pack- aging producers/distributors, recycling objectives and the waste management hierarchy. New targets for the recycling of packaging waste predict a growth to 65% in 2025 and 70% in 2030 [1]. Textile packaging waste is an important link in the integrated management of waste whose recovery contributes to the conservation and improvement of natural capital.

When Do We Confront? Perceptions of Costs and Benefits Predict Confronting Discrimination on Behalf of the Self and Others

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Good ◽  
Corinne A. Moss-Racusin ◽  
Diana T. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Social Costs ◽  
The Self ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Social Sanctions ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits ◽  
Past Experiences

Across two studies, we tested whether perceived social costs and benefits of confrontation would similarly predict confronting discrimination both when it was experienced and when it was observed as directed at others. Female undergraduate participants were asked to recall past experiences and observations of sexism, as well as their confronting behaviors. Path modeling in Study 1 ( N = 148) demonstrated that women were more likely to report confronting if they believed that the confrontation would make a difference (perceived benefits), or they were less concerned about social sanctions (perceived costs), and the prediction patterns were similar for both experienced and observed sexism. Study 2 ( N = 166) replicated the results of Study 1, as well as tested the moderating influence of gender identification. In situations of higher perceived social costs, women who were less strongly identified with their gender group were more responsive to the perceived benefits of the confrontation when deciding whether to confront on behalf of the self. The results of the two studies suggest that researchers should investigate methods for enhancing perceived social benefits and reducing perceived social costs when designing intervention programs aimed at increasing confrontation and decreasing the prevalence of discrimination.

scholarly journals Trash Basket Sensor Notification Using Arduino with Android Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel ALFoudery ◽  
Abdulrahman Abdullah Alkandari ◽  
Nayfah Mohsen Almutairi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Process Improvement ◽  
Garbage Collection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Android Application ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collection And Management

<span lang="EN-US">The protection of society and environment from garbage accumulation and its polluting effects is carried by waste management companies, the services provided by these companies are improving life overall quality. By preserving raw materials, proper collecting and elimination of trash have reduced pollution and environmental impact. On the other hand, areas which are suffered from inappropriate negative service appreciate the garbage collector’s valuable efforts. Appropriate garbage collection and management facilities have made a recycling process improvement which caused a reduction in waste generation. Also controlling the released contaminators and pollutants has decreased the impact on landfills and protected the environment from the pollution negative effects. Using mobile and electronic technology to enable waste management companies to finish its work and make it easier for collecting trash in a simple and an easy way. We introduce Trash Sensor Android Application to help waste management companies detect trash levels to collect it and help citizens from undesired odours.</span>

Analysis on PLA Textile Fiber Production Technology and Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 52-54 ◽  
pp. 2145-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chang
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Textile Fiber ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Combustion Property

PLA fiber is a green eco-fiber of excellent properties and sustainable development, with adequate sources of raw materials, low energy consumption, good biodegradability, and excellent physical and mechanical properties, thus the development of this product not only has considerable economic benefits, and also has excellent social benefits. In this paper, through comprehensively testing the properties of PLA fiber, it carries out the systematical analysis and research on the Tests of PLA fiber length, fineness, over length, double length, and defects, combustion property, heat resistance, and hydrolysis property, etc. several aspects.

scholarly journals Waste Management. The Disconnection between Normative and SMEs Reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1787
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Villegas Pinuer ◽  
Joan Llonch Andreu ◽  
Pilar López Belbeze ◽  
Leslier Valenzuela-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Waste Hierarchy ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

Waste generation is a critical factor in global environmental degradation, where SMEs have been historically relevant yet underestimated. This study covers the issue of the disconnection between the normative and SMEs reality. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the relationship between waste management norms and their application in Chilean SMEs. For context, Chile is the nation that generates the most amount of waste per capita in the region. Nevertheless, the country also has one of the most rigorous waste frameworks in the region, by means of the Extended Responsibility Producer (ERP) law, which has been gradually implemented since 2016. Data for the study were collected through in-depth interviews with 25 SMEs. The results show the practical limitations of SMEs in complying with the waste law, the lack of traceability in the waste management system, and the need for economic support and technical assistance to improve the use and management of sustainable raw materials. Therefore, this study contributes to the limited knowledge of how SMEs implement waste management norms and their importance in diminishing waste generation and promoting waste hierarchy.

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