scholarly journals COCONUT LEAF WASTE PROCESSING WITH BIODRYING PROCESS AS RAW MATERIAL FOR BIOMASS PELLETS IN WASTE TO ENERGY

ASTONJADRO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Nova Ulhasanah ◽  
Ariyanti Sarwono ◽  
Michael Yosafaat ◽  
Dennis Filippi ◽  
Mega Mutiara Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Research Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Way

<p>Coconut leaf waste is a type of waste that contains a good enough calorific value to be used as raw material for biomass pellets. The minimum standard calorific value of biomass in Indonesia according to SNI 8675:2018 is 16.05 MJ/kg. Meanwhile, based on the research results, the calorific value of coconut leaf waste has a value of 13.34 MJ/kg. The way that can be applied to increase the calorific value is by biodrying. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the biodrying process in processing coconut leaf waste. This study use bioactivators in the form of tempe yeast, baker's yeast, and tapai yeast. Mass loss and moisture reduction can be achieved, respectively, 8.25-17.62% and 62.4-65.6%. The calorific value can reach the minimum standard after seven days of processing with a value of 17,995-18,623 MJ/kg.</p>

scholarly journals A Methodological Approach to Assess the Potential of Non-Recycled Waste for Refuse Derived Fuels Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 11003
Author(s):  
Moh Nurhadi ◽  
Eddy Prianto
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Waste Composition ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuels ◽  
Recycled Waste

Modernization of waste processing through Waste-to-Energy has been a new trend to solve waste management and energy scarcity. This model however it may raise a conflict with recycling activities. This article establishes a methodological approach to assess Non-Recycled Waste for Refuse Derived Fuels materials. The approach is simulated by using calorific value of waste from Semarang Landfill which has calorific value 5,500 to 6,070 kcal/kg and waste composition of Banjarmasin Landfill which has been classified according to recycling perspective. The simulation shows that a low recycling rate (25% plastic and paper taken for recycling) will produce 3,882 kcal/Kg while a high recycling rate (50%) will produce 3,793 kcal/Kg. This simulation successfully calculates that non-recycled waste materials are still potential for RDFs materials.

Life as a Raw Material: Illusions of Control

Somatechnics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oron Catts ◽  
Ionat Zurr
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Short History ◽  
Know How ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The paper discusses and critiques the concept of the single engineering paradigm. This concepts allude to a future in which the control of matter and life, and life as matter, will be achieved by applying engineering principles; through nanotechnology, synthetic biology and, as some suggest, geo-engineering, cognitive engineering and neuro-engineering. We outline some issues in the short history of the field labelled as Synthetic Biology. Furthermore; we examine the way engineers, scientists, designers and artists are positioned and articulating the use of the tools of Synthetic Biology to expose some of the philosophical, ethical and political forces and considerations of today as well as some future scenarios. We suggest that one way to enable the possibilities of alternative frames of thought is to open up the know-how and the access to these technologies to other disciplines, including artistic.

scholarly journals Technology Entrepreneurship and the Performance of Enterprises in the Conditions of Covid-19 Pandemic: The Fuzzy Set Analysis of Waste to Energy Enterprises in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3891
Author(s):  
Piotr Kordel ◽  
Radosław Wolniak
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Technology Entrepreneurship ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Impact

This article’s aim is to explain the impact of technology entrepreneurship phenomenon on waste management enterprise performance in the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic. The concept of technology entrepreneurship according to the configuration approach and the category of high-performance organization are the theoretical bases of empirical investigation. For the implementation of empirical research, Fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FsQCA) was adopted. The research sample included a group of producers of Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) as a central part of the waste to energy industry located in Poland. The research results showed that the waste to energy sector is highly immune to pandemic threats. While during COVID-19, the basic economic parameters (i.e., sales, profitability and employment) of the entire industry in Poland clearly decreased, the same parameters in the case of the waste to energy industry remained at the same level. The research results allow the formulation of two high-performance models of technology entrepreneurship in the waste to energy industry under COVID-19 conditions. The first model is based on traditional technologies and hierarchical organizational structures, and the second is using innovative technologies and flexible structures. Both technology entrepreneurship models are determined by their emergence as complementary to implementation strategies and the opportunity-oriented allocation of resources within business model portfolios.

Integrated Process for Textile Cotton Waste (TCW) Valorization: Waste-to-Energy and Wastewater Decontamination

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ribeiro ◽  
C. Vilarinho ◽  
J. Araújo ◽  
J. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cotton Waste ◽  
Textile Industries

The increasing of world population, industrialization and global consuming, existing market products existed in the along with diversification of raw materials, are responsible for an exponential increase of wastes. This scenario represents loss of resources and ultimately causes air, soils and water pollution. Therefore, proper waste management is currently one of the major challenges faced by modern societies. Textile industries represents, in Portugal, almost 10% of total productive transforming sector and 19% of total employments in the sector composed by almost 7.000 companies. One of the main environmental problems of textile industries is the production of significant quantities of wastes from its different processing steps. According to the Portuguese Institute of Statistics (INE) these industries produce almost 500.000 tons of wastes each year, with the textile cotton waste (TCW) being the most expressive. It was estimated that 4.000 tons of TCW are produced each year in Portugal. In this work an integrated TCW valorisation procedure was evaluated, firstly by its thermal and energetic valorisation with slow pyrolysis followed by the utilization of biochar by-product, in lead and chromium synthetic wastewater decontamination. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a small scale rotating pyrolysis reactor with 0.1 m3 of total capacity. Results of pyrolysis experiments showed the formation of 0,241 m3 of biogas for each kilogram of TCW. Results also demonstrated that the biogas is mostly composed by hydrogen (22%), methane (14 %), carbon monoxide (20%) and carbon dioxide (12%), which represents a total high calorific value of 12.3 MJ/Nm3. Regarding biochar, results of elemental analysis demonstrated a high percentage of carbon driving its use as low cost adsorbent. Adsorption experiments were conducted with lead and chromium synthetic wastewaters (25, 50 and 100 mg L−1) in batch vessels with controlled pH. It was evaluated the behaviour of adsorption capacity and removal rate of each metal during 120 minutes of contact time using 5, 10 and 50 g L−1 of adsorbent dosage. Results indicated high affinity of adsorbent with each tested metal with 78% of removal rate in chromium and 95% in lead experiments. This suggests that biochar from TCW pyrolysis may be appropriated to wastewaters treatment, with high contents of heavy metals and it can be an effective alternative to activated carbon.

Can animals sing? On birdsong, music and meaning

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hektor KT Yan
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
A Value ◽  
Music And Meaning ◽  
To Come ◽  
Factual Issue ◽  
The Way

This article deals with conceptual questions regarding claims to the effect that humans and animals share artistic abilities such as the possession of music. Recent works focusing on animals, from such as Hollis Taylor and Dominique Lestel, are discussed. The attribution of artistic traits in human and animal contexts is examined by highlighting the importance of issues relating to categorization and evaluation in cross-species studies. An analogy between the denial of major attributes to animals and a form of racism is drawn in order to show how questions pertaining to meaning can impact on our understanding of animal abilities. One of the major theses presented is that the question of whether animals possess music cannot be answered by a methodology that is uninformed by the way concepts such as music or art function in the context of human life: the ascription of music to humans or non-humans is a value-laden act rather than a factual issue regarding how to represent an entity. In order to see how humans and animals share a life in common, it is necessary to come to the reflective realization that how human beings understand themselves can impact on their perception and experience of human and non-human animals.

Marl Clay Pottery Fabrics of the New Kingdom from Memphis, Saqqara and Amarna

1992 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Bourriau ◽  
P. T. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Commodity Exchange ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Vienna System ◽  
The Way

This paper attempts to introduce a research tool essential for the study of production and trade and the way they were organized in ancient Egypt by examining marl clay pottery fabrics from the New Kingdom. Marl clay was the preferred raw material for the containers used in the transport of food within the Nile Valley and beyond. Sample sherds from Memphis, Saqqara and Amarna are described and illustrated macroscopically (20 × magnification) and microscopically (from thin sections). The results are used to create a concordance between the fabric classifications used at these sites, and with that used at Qantir and with the Vienna System. The data given will allow other archaeologists to link their own material to that described and so have access to the evidence this pottery provides on chronology and commodity exchange.

Advancements in Grate Cooling Technology

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Owens ◽  
Joe Szczepkowski
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Pilot Program ◽  
Technical Paper ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Cooling Technology

Over the last few years an increase in the calorific value of the waste has been observed at our waste-to-energy facilities. Wheelabrator Technologies, Inc. in conjunction with Von Roll/Inova decided to install a zone of water-cooled grate blocks at the Millbury Massachusetts waste-to-energy facility as a pilot program. Common in Europe these water-cooled grate blocks address the issue of higher BTU waste and increase the overall life expectancy of the blocks compared to regular air-cooled grate blocks. This technical paper provides an overview on the installation, operation, and maintenance of a zone of water-cooled grate blocks. Discussed are the procedures for evaluating the overall project and some of the challenges we resolved.

scholarly journals Symmetry breakdown and coupling constants of leptons

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil C. Marques ◽  
Dominique Spehler
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Electroweak Interactions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Fundamental Interactions ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
Symmetry Breakdown ◽  
A Value ◽  
Intermediate Bosons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

Based on a new approach to symmetries of the fundamental interactions we deal, in this paper, with the electroweak interactions of leptons. We show that the coupling constants, arising in the way leptons are coupled to intermediate bosons, can be understood as parameters associated to the breakdown of SU(2) and parity symmetries. The breakdown of both symmetries is characterized by a new parameter (the asymetry parameter) of the electroweak interactions. This parameter gives a measure of the strength of breakdown of symmetries. We analyse the behaviour of the theory for three values of this parameter. The most relevant value is the one for which only the electromagnetic interactions do not break parity (the maximally allowed left-right asymetric theory). Maximamally allowed parity asymmetry is a requirement that is met for a value of Weinberg's theta-angle that is quite close to the experimental value of this parameter.

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