scholarly journals Irrigation regimes and water consumption of soybeans and corn depending on irrigation methods

Author(s):  
A.P. Shatkovskyi ◽  
O.V. Zhuravlov ◽  
I.M. Ovchatov
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Rakhiya Yelnazarkyzy ◽  
Serik Kenenbayev ◽  
Z.O. Ospanbayev ◽  
P.A. Kalashnikov

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
F. U. Zhuraev ◽  
G. Kh. Karimov

Experience shows that for the irrigation of intensive gardens, various types of equipment and technologies are used, such as continuous irrigation (invasive), drip irrigation, subsurface irrigation and other methods. All irrigation options have some shortcomings, such as water evaporation, high water consumption, high consumption of mineral fertilizers and energy. (Research purpose) To develop an automated system for subsurface irrigation of intensive gardens with groundwater using electric pumps and solar panels, and to create a mathematical model of soil moisture distribution. (Materials and methods) Special devices shaped as pegs were designed to supply water with dissolved mineral fertilizers directly into the root system of intensive gardens. The authors investigated the pegs’ geometric parameters and the criteria for their placement in the soil, taking into account the consumption of water and nutrients. The authors examined soil mechanical composition and salinity as well as its physical and mechanical, technological properties. (Results and discussion) It was found out that the installation of the peg facilitates soil moisturizing through the central pipeline within the radius of 1.55-1.75 meters at the depth of 0.7-0.9 meters. Three-four pegs, being equidistant from each other and inclined in relation to the vertical axis by 20-30 degrees, were placed around a tree. Water consumption was determined for various irrigation methods: for furrow irrigation (control) – 1125.7 cubic meters per hectare, for continuous irrigation (invasive) – 1812.3 cubic meters per hectare, for drip irrigation – 618.6 and subsurface irrigation – 506.4 cubic meters per hectare. (Conclusions) Based on the results of the experimental study carried out in farms with intensive gardens using various irrigation methods, continuous irrigation (invasive), drip irrigation and subsurface irrigation were compared in terms of water consumption. The results show that drip irrigation and subsurface irrigation ensure less water consumption than flood irrigation, by 46 per cent and 57 per cent respectively. It was found out that subsurface irrigation ensures 57 per cent water and 25-35 per cent mineral fertilizer economy, in comparison with the other methods of providing trees with water and nutrients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Adiljan Atajanov ◽  
Ibrahim Khudaev ◽  
Nail Usmanov ◽  
Laziz Babajanov

This article focuses on improving water-saving technologies for efficient use of water resources, the development and recommendation of modern irrigation methods, and assessing the impact of surface area on irrigation water consumption.


2021 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
А.А. Новиков

Организация эффективного промышленного производства картофеля – одна из актуальных задач современного российского АПК. Цель исследований: оптимизация режимов орошения и минерального питания при выращивании картофеля с использованием капельного орошения. Исследования влияния водообеспеченности и питательного режима почвы на рост, развитие, водопотребление и урожайность картофеля при поливе системами капельного орошения проводили в 2008–2010 годах на светло-каштановых почвах СПК «Престиж» Ленинского района Волгоградской области. Почвы подзоны характеризуются маломощными гумусовыми горизонтами (0,15–0,25 м) и низким содержанием гумуса (1,6–2,3%) в пахотном слое. Реакция почвенного раствора слабощелочная (рН – 7,0–8,3). В рамках двухфакторного опыта изучались три режима орошения с поддержанием предполивного порога влажности почвы на уровне 80% НВ: вариант А1 – с фазы цветения, А2 – с фазы бутонизации, А3 – с фазы всходов, а также четыре дозы минеральных удобрений расчетно на получение уровня урожая: N40P50K0– 20 т/га, N100P100K70 – 30 т/га, N155P150K180– 40 т/га и N210P200K290 – 50 т/га. Для поддержания порога предполивной влажности почвы 70% НВ в период от посадки до всходов требовалось провести 1–2 полива, в период от посадки до бутонизации – от 1 до 3 поливов, в период от посадки до начала цветения – от 2 до 5 с поливной нормой 160 м3/га. Для поддержания порога предполивной влажности почвы 80% НВ с фазы всходов необходимо провести от 8 до 20 поливов, с начала фазы бутонизации – от 7 до 18 поливов, с начала фазы цветения – от 6 до 15 поливов по 130 м3/га. Суммарное водопотребление картофеля при сочетании факторов, обеспечивающих формирование урожайности до 50 т/га зрелых клубней, составляло 3470–3590 м3/га воды. Период вегетации от посадки до начала фазы сбора продукции возрастал с 91–97 суток при внесении удобрений дозой N40P50K0 и поддержании предполивного уровня влажности почвы 80% НВ с начала фазы цветения до 100–108 суток при внесении удобрений дозой N210P200K290и поддержании предполивного уровня влажности почвы 80% НВ с фазы всходов. The organization of effective industrial production of potatoes is one of the urgent tasks of the modern Russian agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the research is to optimize irrigation regimes and mineral nutrition when growing potatoes using drip irrigation. Studies of the influence of water availability and the nutrient regime of the soil on the growth, development, water consumption and yield of potatoes when watering with drip irrigation systems were carried out in 2008–2010 on light chestnut soils of the SEC Prestige of the Leninsky district of the Volgograd region. The soils of the subzone are characterized by low-power humus horizons of 0.15–0.25 m and a low humus content (1.6–2.3%) in the arable layer. The reaction of the soil solution is slightly alkaline (pH – 7.0–8.3). As part of a two-factor experiment, three irrigation regimes were studied with maintaining the pre-irrigation threshold of soil moisture at 80% NWC: option A1 – from the flowering phase, A2 – from the budding phase, A3 – from the germination phase, as well as four doses of mineral fertilizers calculated to obtain the yield level: N40P50K0– 20 t/ha, N100P100K70 – 30 t/ha, N155P150K180– 40 t/ha and N210P200K290 – 50 t/ha. To maintain the threshold of pre-watering soil moisture of 70% NWC in the period from planting to germination, 1–2 watering was required, in the period from planting to budding – from 1 to 3 watering, in the period from planting to the beginning of flowering – from 2 to 5 with a watering rate of 160 m3/ha. To maintain the threshold of pre-watering soil moisture of 80% NWC from the germination phase, it is necessary to carry out from 8 to 20 watering, from the beginning of the budding phase – from 7 to 18 watering, from the beginning of the flowering phase – from 6 to 15 watering of 130 m3/ha. The total water consumption of potatoes with a combination of factors that ensure the formation of a yield of up to 50 t/ha of mature tubers was 3470–3590 m3/ha of water. The vegetation period from planting to the beginning of the harvest phase increased from 91–97 days when applying fertilizers with a dose of N40P50K0and maintaining a pre-watering soil moisture level of 80% NWC from the beginning of the flowering phase to 100–108 days when applying fertilizers with a dose of N210P200K290 and maintaining a pre-watering soil moisture level of 80% NWC from the germination phase.


1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1046-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Xiao ◽  
K. V. Subbarao ◽  
K. F. Schulbach ◽  
S. T. Koike

Experiments were conducted in field plots to evaluate the effects of broccoli residue on population dynamics of Verticillium dahliae in soil and on Verticillium wilt development on cauliflower under furrow and subsurface-drip irrigation and three irrigation regimes in 1994 and 1995. Treatments were a factorial combination of three main plots (broccoli crop grown, harvested, and residue incorporated in V.dahliae-infested plots; no broccoli crop or residue in infested plots; and fumigated control plots), two subplots (furrow and subsurface-drip irrigation), and three sub-subplots (deficit, moderate, and excessive irrigation regimes) arranged in a split-split-plot design with three replications. Soil samples collected at various times were assayed for V. dahliae propagules using the modified Anderson sampler technique. Incidence and severity of Verticillium wilt on cauliflower were assessed at 7- to 10-day intervals beginning a month after cauliflower transplanting and continuing until harvest. Number of propagules in all broccoli plots declined significantly (P < 0.05) after residue incorporation and continued to decline throughout the cauliflower season. The overall reduction in the number of propagules after two broccoli crops was approximately 94%, in contrast to the fivefold increase in the number of propagules in infested main plots without broccoli after two cauliflower crops. Disease incidence and severity were both reduced approximately 50% (P < 0.05) in broccoli treatments compared with no broccoli treatments. Differences between furrow and subsurface-drip irrigation were not significant, but incidence and severity were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the deficit irrigation regime compared with the other two regimes. Abundance of microsclerotia of V. dahliae on cauliflower roots about 8 weeks after cauliflower harvest was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in treatments with broccoli compared with treatments without broccoli. Rotating broccoli with cauliflower and incorporating broccoli residues into the soils is a novel means of managing Verticillium wilt on cauliflower and perhaps on other susceptible crops. This practice would be successful regardless of the irrigation methods or regimes followed on the susceptible crops.


2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Lavini ◽  
Maria Riccardi ◽  
Cataldo Pulvento ◽  
Sergio De Luca ◽  
Michela Scamosci ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
N M Ilkhamov ◽  
I G Kurbanov ◽  
J Kh Aliev ◽  
S E Ganiev ◽  
Ch V Toshpulatov

Abstract Reducing water consumption in crop irrigation in the world agriculture, studying soil moisture and water consumption by different irrigation methods, improving soil agrophysical properties and increasing productivity, as well as increasing the productivity of vegetable crops by various irrigation methods and improving phytosanitary conditions (weed and pest density, disease). Extensive research is being conducted to assess the level of one of the most pressing issues in agriculture is the development, improvement and widespread introduction of cost-effective irrigation methods in the spring and summer planting and care of vegetable crops in conditions of water scarcity.


Author(s):  
F. A. Minza ◽  
A. P. Shatkovskyi ◽  
O. V. Zhuravlov

Optimization of drip irrigation regimes for intensive apple orchards is the basis of agrotechnology for their cultivation with fruit yields exceeding 50 t/ha. There are many different ways of controlling irrigation regimes that enable to use individually or comprehensively relevant instruments, tools, computer programs, mathematical models etc. Using any approach is based on data on weather and soil conditions, biological and varietal characteristics of crop water consumption. The purpose of the research was to adapt the calculated method of determining the total water consumption (ETs) "Penman-Monteith" when using drip irrigation for apple trees on the rootstock M-9 in the conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine. The scientific-methodological approaches set out in the FAO 56 guidance were used when conducting the experiment. In the experiments, CropWat 8.0 computer program and iMetos digital weather station were used as tools to obtain data and calculate water consumption. When using the Penman – Monteith method, 6–10 vegetation irrigations with the rates of 620–700 m3/ha were conducted during the study period. With that the average yield of marketable fruits was 32.9 t/ha, and the average coefficient of irrigation efficiency was 31.5 m3/t. In production conditions, the actual total water consumption of apple trees when using the Penman-Monteith method was established as 3269.7 m3/ha, the reference water consumption (ETo) for this soil and climate zone during the growing season. In all phases of tree development, the ratio of apple coefficients (Kc) - typical one based on the recommendations of FAO 56 and calculated one, obtained based on the experimental data was established. A comparison of the actual value of the ETc and the calculated one using apple Kc according to the FAO 56 guidance was done. It is recommended that when determining the parameters of the drip irrigation regimes for apple trees on the rootstock M-9 in the Steppe of Ukraine when using CropWat 8.0 computer program and iMetos digital weather station to use the adjusted values ​​of Kc.


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