Yield estimation of forage oat (Avena sativa L.) Chihuahua variety: ruler and plate methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Iban Mendoza-Pedroza ◽  
Javier Sánchez-Espinoza ◽  
Perpetuo Álvarez-Vázquez ◽  
Eliseo Sosa-Montes ◽  
M. Á. Maldonado-Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Rule Method ◽  
Linear Regressions

Objetive: To analyze forage estimations with the direct method and the plant height. Diseño/Metodología/Aproximación: The treatments were the plants age, assessed in a random block design, with three repetitions. Simple linear regressions were carried out and adjusted using the SPSS statistical software. Resultados: The highest and lowest yields occurred at 105 and 30 days after sowing (DAS), with 5,412 and 783 kg DM ha-1, respectively. Height with the rule had a significant effect on forage production, with an R2 of 0.83. For each increase per cm the plants increased 56,134 kg DM ha-1. The height with the plate had an R2 of 0.97, so that 65.032 kg DM ha-1 are produced for each cm in height. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: None Hallazgos/conclusiones: The forage accumulation in Avena sativa L., var. Chihuahua varied depending on the age of the plant. The heights calculated with the plate method, had greater reliability for the forage yield estimate, compared to the graduated rule method.

scholarly journals Evaluación de leguminosas como abono verde en cultivos forrajeros para ganaderías en el Caribe seco colombiano

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Edwin Castro-Rincón ◽  
José Edwin Mojica-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Evangelista Carulla-Fornaguera ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Lascano-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
The Impact

The dual-purpose livestock systems in the tropics milk production is reduced during the dry season due to the decrease in the quantity and quality of forage on offer. The impact can be reduced by using forage crops as supplements generated with the use of green fertilizers. The objective of this research was to determinate the nitrogen contribution of legumes in corn forage production. During the years 2013 to 2014, in the Colombian Dry Caribbean three experiments were established with seven levels of nitrogen (N) (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) and the incorporation of Canavalia brasiliensis (CIAT 17009), Vigna unguiculata (CIAT 4294), Clitoria ternatea (CIAT 21815), Canavalia ensiformis (CIAT 21826) and Lablab purpureus (CIAT 22656) in a random block design. C. ensiformis showed the highest contribution of N (151 kg/ha) and V. unguiculata the lowest (35 kg/ha). The application of 200 kg of N and the incorporation of C. ensiformis and C. brasiliensis did not show a difference in the yield of maize biomass. N use efficiency by corn crop was 31 - 84%, reduced with increased in the dose of N. Levels of NO3 in the soil ranged from 20 to 41 mg/kg at the time of harvest, suggesting that a high proportion of N coming from the legume was not assimilated by the crop. The C:N ratio was 11.63 in legumes and 23.94 in weeds. Organic soil C increased by 22% due to legume green manure, with the highest content (0.70%) in L. purpureus. The legumes C. ensiformis, C. brasiliensis and L. purpureus showed high potential to provide N, C, and to conserve soil moisture.

scholarly journals Production and Quality Pennisetum purpureum at Shading Condition and Nitrogen Fertilizer Dosage

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Windu Mangiring ◽  
Nurleni Kurniawati ◽  
Priyadi Priyadi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Shade Condition

This experiment aims to determine 1) The effect of  shading and nitrogen fertilizer to production   of Pennisetum purpureum ; and 2) The effect of  shading and nitrogen fertilizer  to quality of Pennisetum purpureum,experiment performed in January until May 2016at fieldSTIPER Dharma Wacana Metro.The experiment was investigated in random block design with three replication. The first factor is consisted of two treatment of shading level, i.e (0%) without shading  and (50%)  paranet shade. The second factor consisted of three treatment of nitrogen fertilizer dosage, i.e 50 kgha-1 nitrogen fertilizer, 100 kgha-1nitrogen fertillizer and 200 kgha-1 nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that effect paranet shade 50% in fact evidently  decrease the production of Pennisetum purpureum 60 %. Quality of Pennisetum purpuremlike  nitrate content, crude protein content  and crude fiber contenton 50%paranet shade 0,2%-0,11%;7,8%-10,8%; and 29,13%-30,00%. In shade condition, a dose of 50 kgha-1not significant production of elephant grass forage, elephant grass forage production response to increasing doses of N (50-200 kgha-1)is more significant than whitout shade. Key words : Pennisetum purpureum,elephant grass, paranet shade, nitrogen

scholarly journals Increasing selection gain and accuracy of harvest prediction models in Jatropha through genome-wide selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano dos Santos ◽  
Erina Vitório Rodrigues ◽  
Bruno Galvêas Laviola ◽  
Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Selection Cycle ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractGenome-wide selection (GWS) has been becoming an essential tool in the genetic breeding of long-life species, as it increases the gain per time unit. This study had a hypothesis that GWS is a tool that can decrease the breeding cycle in Jatropha. Our objective was to compare GWS with phenotypic selection in terms of accuracy and efficiency over three harvests. Models were developed throughout the harvests to evaluate their applicability in predicting genetic values in later harvests. For this purpose, 386 individuals of the breeding population obtained from crossings between 42 parents were evaluated. The population was evaluated in random block design, with six replicates over three harvests. The genetic effects of markers were predicted in the population using 811 SNP's markers with call rate = 95% and minor allele frequency (MAF) > 4%. GWS enables gains of 108 to 346% over the phenotypic selection, with a 50% reduction in the selection cycle. This technique has potential for the Jatropha breeding since it allows the accurate obtaining of GEBV and higher efficiency compared to the phenotypic selection by reducing the time necessary to complete the selection cycle. In order to apply GWS in the first harvests, a large number of individuals in the breeding population are needed. In the case of few individuals in the population, it is recommended to perform a larger number of harvests.

scholarly journals Characterization of the effects of macronutrient deficiencies in mangabeira seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽  
Marialva Alvarenga Moreira ◽  
João Paulo Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
Frederico Antônio Loureiro Soares
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

Knowledge of the mineral nutrition requirements of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is relatively scarce and rudimentary because there is a lack of consistent data concerning its nutritional demands at different developmental stages. The aim of this research was to characterize the visual symptoms of macronutrient deficiencies and to evaluate the effects of these deficiencies on the growth, the production of dry matter, and the leaf content of mangabeira. To achieve this goal, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Goiano Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano) in Rio Verde - GO, from January to June 2011 in which mangabeira plants were arranged in a random block design and grown in nutrient solutions. This experiment was replicated four times. The plants were treated with either a complete nutrient solution or a nutrient solution from which the individual macronutrient of interest (nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), or sulfur (S) had been omitted. The omission of a macronutrient from the nutrient solution resulted in morphological alterations that were characteristic symptoms of the particular nutritional deficiency and caused decreases in growth and dry matter mass production. The accumulation of macronutrients displayed the following order in mangabeira leaves: N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg.

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic gains for growth traits in young plants of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake

CERNE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Galhardo Godoy ◽  
Sebastião Carlos da Silva Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

The objective of this study was the selection of superior genotypes for growth traits, correlating them to initial height growth in the field, at age eight months. A random block design was used in the nursery, with eight clones, three replicates and four plants per plot. And a random block design was also used in the field, with eight clones, four replicate blocks and nine plants per plot. Data being analyzed in the nursery at age 120 days included: height of field seedling, at age eight months (Hc), height of nursery seedling (Hm), root collar diameter (Dc), shoot diameter (Db), shoot dry matter (PMSPA), root dry matter (PMSR), total dry matter (PMST), ratio of shoot dry matter to root dry matter (PMSPA/PMSR), Dickson quality index of root collar diameter (IQD-Dc), Dickson quality index of shoot diameter (IQD-Db). Analyses of variance showed that significant genetic differences exist among clones for all traits and, given the high heritability values found, the estimated genetic gains were generically very high. As for predicted indirect genetic gain, selection in nursery seedlings for Dc, PMSPA/PMSR, IQD-Dc provided the highest values of indirect gain in field seedling height.

scholarly journals Coffee hull in the diet of dairy heifers: nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Luciano da Silva Cabral ◽  
Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira ◽  
Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design

It was evaluated nitrogen compounds and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed diets containing coffee hulls (0.0; 8.75; 17.25; and 26.25% of dry matter) replacing ground corn concentrate at the following levels of coffee hulls in the total diet dry matter: 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. It was used 24 crossbreed heifers (7/8, 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein-Zebu), which were distributed in a random block design made up accordingly to the weight of the animals. Spot samples of urine were colleted aproximatelly four hours after morning feeding and were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis by using urine purine derivatives. It was not observed effect of coffee hull levels in the diet on total nitrogen intake (160 g/day) and nitrogen excretion in the urine (87.4 g/day). The inclusion of coffee hull in the diet linearly increased nitrogen excretion in feces, as well as nitrogen balance. There was linear reduction in urinary excretion of allantoin, in total purine derivative and absorbed purine, which reduced 0.715, 0.873, and 0.954 mmol/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate, respectively. Coffee hull altered microbial protein synthesis, which reduced in 0.687 g/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate. Reduction in microbial protein synthesis can reduce weight gain in heifers fed coffee hulls.

scholarly journals Botanical and mineral composition of dominant wild forages for feeding of dairy goats in Payakumbuh Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
Khalil ◽  
Imana Martaguri
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Field Edge ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract The objectives of this study were (i) to identify the diversity of forages that are usually consumed or fed to the dairy goats, (ii) to assess the mineral composition of dominant forages concerning the soil mineral status of growing areas. Eight dairy goat farms surveyed and collected forage samples to define the diversity and dominant forages used to feed the goat. Samples of three dominant forages (Asystasia gangetica, Axonopus compressus, and Panicum maximum) and soils were then collected in five different areas where the farmers usually derived the forages (banana plantation, idle lands, riverbanks, roadside, and rice field edge). Plant samples were collected by using a plate meter used for the calculation of botanical composition. Fresh samples were then chopped, dried, and then ground in meal form before analysis for dry matter (DM), and minerals of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, and S. The same minerals were analyzed for soil samples. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design of 5x3 consisting of 3 plant species and five growing areas as replications. Data were statistically analyzed using correlation and variance analysis in Random Block Design (RBD). Results showed of the total about 45 types of plants commonly consumed by goats, there were three dominant species, i.e., P. maximum (38.60%), A. gangetica (24.23%), and A. compressus (17.23%). The Ca content of forages highly correlated with the Ca in the soils, while magnesium in the forage was negatively correlated with the magnesium in the soil. It was concluded that the dominant forages were found a good source of Ca and Mg but deficient phosphorus.

scholarly journals Lamb performance in hardwood silvopastures, I: animal gains and forage measures in summer

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel J Pent ◽  
Scott P Greiner ◽  
John F Munsell ◽  
Benjamin F Tracy ◽  
John H Fike
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Stocking Rates

Abstract The integration of trees into pasture systems can have variable effects on forage and animal growth. Some reports of these systems have indicated that animal gains are similar or better even when tree presence lowers forage yield. Forage production and animal performance were compared in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.)-based and honeylocust (Gleditisia triacanthose L.)-based silvopasture systems and open pastures in a randomized complete block design with three blocks over three summers. Cool season-based, mixed grass pastures were rotationally stocked with four to seven lambs depending on available forage. A rising plate meter was used to estimate pre- and post-graze forage mass. Forage samples of the mixed sward were collected and analyzed for nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations. Species percent cover was estimated using a modified Daubenmire approach at the same 12 points within each experimental unit every 4 wk during the study. Pre-graze herbage mass was similar (P = 0.0717) in honeylocust silvopastures (5020 ± 30 kg·ha−1) and open pastures (4930 ± 30 kg·ha−1) and lowest (P < 0.0001) in the black walnut silvopastures (3560 ± 30 kg·ha−1). Forages in the black walnut and honeylocust silvopastures had similar (P = 0.4867) N concentrations (23.3 ± 0.4 and 23.9 ± 0.4 g·kg−1, respectively), which was greater (P ≤ 0.0003) than that of the forages in the open pastures (21.0 ± 0.4 g·kg−1). Forages in the honeylocust silvopasture had lower (P ≤ 0.0042) NDF concentrations (507 ± 3 g·kg−1) than forages in the black walnut silvopasture and open pastures (mean = 525 ± 3 g·kg−1). Forage species present in the black walnut silvopastures differed from those present in the open and honeylocust systems, which had similar composition. Despite differences in stocking rates, total lamb weight gains per system did not differ (P ≥ 0.7592) among black walnut, honeylocust, and open pasture systems (10 ± 2, 12 ± 2, and 10 ± 2 kg·d−1, respectively). Silvopasture practices can improve land productivity when incorporated into cool season forage pastures.

scholarly journals Green ear yield and grain yield of maize after harvest of the first ear as baby corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio L e Silva ◽  
Paulo Igor B e Silva ◽  
Ana Karenina F de Sousa ◽  
Kamila M Gurgel ◽  
Israel A Pereira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Female Inflorescence ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Corn Grain

Baby corn (BC) consists of the corn ear harvested two or three days after silk emergence. BC is a profitable crop, making possible a diversification of production, aggregation of value and increased income. Removing the first female inflorescence induces corn to produce others, making possible to produce several BC ears or, alternatively, BC (by harvesting the first ear) and green ears or grain. The objective of this work was to evaluate green ear yield and grain yield, after harvesting the first ear as BC. Corn cultivar AG 1051 was submitted to the following treatments, in a random block design with ten replicates (52 plants per plot): BC harvesting; green ear harvesting (grain moisture content between 60 and 70%); mature ear harvesting; BC harvesting and harvesting of other ears as green or mature ears. Marketable green ears yield or grain yield produced without removing the first inflorescence were superior to the green ears yield or grain yield produced after removal of the first inflorescence harvested as baby corn. Harvesting only the first ear as baby corn, and then harvesting green ears or the mature ears, provided lower baby corn yields than that obtained by harvesting all ears as baby corn. Economically, the best net revenues would be obtained by exploring the crop for the production of green ears, green ears + baby corn, baby corn, baby corn + grain, and grain, in this order.

scholarly journals DISSOLUTION PROFILE OF AMBROXOL HCl TABLET WITH ADDITIONAL VARIATIONS OF LUDIPRESS® AND LACTOSE USING THE DIRECT PRESS METHOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
RESMI MUSTARICHIE ◽  
DOLIH GOZALI ◽  
DRADJAD PRIAMBODO
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Dissolution Test ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design

Objective: The drug will provide a therapeutic effect when dissolved so that it is easily absorbed. The process of dissolving drugs is called dissolution. Additional substances contained in pharmaceutical preparations, one of which serves to accelerate the solubility of active substances. The aim of this study was to obtain a comparative composition of Ludipress® and lactose additives suitable for producing ambroxol HCl tablets that met the ambroxol acceleration ambroxol in the body. Methods: Ambroxol HCl tablets were made by direct pressing method. For research purposes, 4 formulas with variations of Ludipress® and Lactose were designed. The tablet was then evaluated, which includes uniformity in weight, diameter, thickness, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution. Data obtained in the analysis using the perfect random block design method (DBAS) with α = 0.05 where blocks and groups were used. Results: From the results of the Mass Printing Evaluation of Tablets, it was found that the four formulas that were designed met the resting angle, flow rate, real density, compressed density, and compressibility met existing requirements. The results of evaluation tablets, which included uniformity of weight, uniformity of size, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution test, were found that only F1 formula did not meet uniformity requirements. All four formulas meet the Indonesian pharmacopeia requirements for time of violence, fragility and disintegration. The dissolution test results showed that in the 45-minute test each percent dissolved concentration of the active substance for F1, F2, F3, and F4 was 58.77974, 66.91104, 80.09946, and 64.02293 suggesting only the F3 formula fulfilled the dissolution requirements according to European Pharmacopoeia which stated that the concentration of dissolved active tablets should not be less than 75% during the 45-minute test. Conclusion: The formula that met the solubility requirements consisted of an additional 69% Ludipress® and 10% lactose with a solubility value of 80.09%.

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