THE EFFECT OF INTERMITTENT HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA ON OXIDATIVE STRESS STATUS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITY IN RAT BRAIN

Background: High altitude can cause hypobaric hypoxia (HH), resulted from the lower barometric pressure and hence partial pressure of oxygen. Hypoxia can lead to a lot of deleterious molecular and cellular changes, such as generation of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increasing of ROS can cause oxidative stress if the antioxidant enzyme does not increase simultaneously. Oxidative damage in brain has toxic effect on cognitive functions.Objective: In this study, we investigate effect of acute intermittent HH on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in rat brain.Method: Wistar rats divided into 5 groups, consisting control group and four experimental groups which treated to HH. Rats were exposed to simulated HH equivalent to 35.000 feet in hypobaric chamber for 1 minute, repeated once a week.Results: Level of malondialdehyde and carbonyl in rat brain under acute HH increased at HH exposure (group I) compare to control group. These levels decreased afterward at intermittent HH exposure (group II-IV). Specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) shows increasing level at intermittent HH exposure, especially group IV was increasing of SOD level significantly. The increasing pattern of specific activity of catalase was inversely from SOD pattern, but it still has higher activity in intermittent HH compare to control group.Conclusion: Brain tissue seems to be able to perform an adequate adaptive response to hypobaric hypoxia after the training, shown by its significantly decreased MDA and carbonyl level and also increased specific activity of SOD and catalase.

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Oxidative Stress Status in Patients with Choledocholithiasis: Before and After Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and Biliary Clearance

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.8.6493 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 2172-2176

Author(s):

Catalin Victor Sfarti ◽

Alin Ciobica ◽

Carol Stanciu ◽

Gheorghe G. Balan ◽

Irina Garleanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Endoscopic Sphincterotomy ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Oxidative Stress Marker ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxidative Stress Parameter ◽

Extrahepatic Cholestasis ◽

Biliary Clearance ◽

Oxidative Stress Status ◽

Before And After

Choledocholithiasis may cause biliary obstruction which leads to hepatocellular injury. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in this disorder. This study evaluates the oxidative stress burden in patients with choledocholithiasis and secondary cholestasis, before and after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Experimental part: Patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis and secondary extrahepatic cholestasis were included in the study between January 1st 2016 and October 31st 2016. In all patients oxidative stress markers were collected within 2 hours before and 48 hours after therapeutic ERCP. Selected markers were superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results were compared to those from a group of 40 healthy subjects. Significantly lower concentrations of SOD (p = 0.03) and GPX (p [ 0.0001) activities, associated with an increased level of MDA level (p [ 0.0001) were shown in patients before biliary clearance compared with the healthy control group. After ERCP the only oxidative stress parameter which showed improvement was the SOD specific activity (p = 0.037). This study shows that extrahepatic cholestasis secondary to choledocholithiasis is associated with increased oxidative stress status. After biliary clearance one oxidative stress marker was significantly improved (SOD), suggesting a possible antioxidant effect of such procedure.

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The Relevance of Oxidative Stress Status in One Week and One Month Alcohol Abstinent Patients

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.2478/jomb-2014-0008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 284-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ovidiu Alexinschi ◽

Roxana Chirita ◽

Alin Ciobica ◽

Padurariu Manuela ◽

Romeo Dobrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Alcohol Withdrawal ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Oxidative Stress Marker ◽

Control Group ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Oxidative Stress Status ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background: Although it is generally accepted that there is an increased oxidative stress status in alcoholics, the separate relevance of oxidative stress following alcohol withdrawal is still not understood to this date. There are reports stating that the increased oxidative stress status in alcoholics may persist independently of the constant presence of alcohol intake, while on the other side, it was demonstrated that the antioxidant defense mechanism could significantly increase after alcohol withdrawal. Methods: In the present work, we were interested in studying the relevance of oxidative stress status in the alcohol withdrawal processes, by determining some oxidative stress markers (two antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase - SOD and glutathione peroxidase - GPX and a lipid peroxidation maker - MDA) after one week and one month of abstinence, as compared to the baseline and a control group of subjects. Results: Our data confirmed the increased oxidative stress status in alcoholic patients and, more importantly, we de m - onstrated here a significant decrease of the oxidative stress status one week and one month following the withdrawal, as showed by a significant increase in the specific activity of SOD (p<0.003), as well as by a decrease in MDA levels (p<0.019). Still, in the case of all three markers of oxidative stress status which we determined, the levels after one week or one month of abstinence were significantly altered when compared to controls. Conclusions: This suggests that severe and prolonged deficiency in the oxidative stress marker levels needs longer than one month of abstinence to normalize.

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Neuroprotective effects of Zingerone against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced brain mitochondrial toxicity in Swiss albino mice

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v10i2.1734 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 548-552

Author(s):

Mohammad Firoz Alam

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Brain Mitochondria ◽

Control Group ◽

Mitochondrial Toxicity ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Group I ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Group Ii

The present study targeted the brain mitochondria dysfunction in Swiss albino mice through carbon tetrachloride intoxication and its treatment with Zingerone. It is proposed that brain mitochondria is the main organelle responsible for oxidative stress by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups; Group-1 was control; Group-2 was carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxic (1.5mg kg-1 bm i.p two days in a week.); Group-3 was pretreated with Zingerone (100 mg kg-1 b.m) a day before the administration of CCl4 and Group-4 was only Zingerone (100 mg kg-1 bm) given orally for 15days once in a day. At the end of the experiment mice were sacrificed and mitochondria were isolated from brain. Isolated brain mitochondria were further analyzed for oxidative stress marker. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content was increased significantly by CCl4 administration in Group-II as compared to the control Group-I, while the antioxidant (GSH) and other antioxidant enzyme GPx , GR, and CAT was depleted significantly in CCl4 treated Group-II as compare to control Group-I. Zingerone protected the toxicity of brain mitochondria by reducing the lipid peroxidation and enhancing the antioxidant enzyme in Group-III and there was no significant changes were noticed in Group-IV as compared to Group-I. Overall results showed the potential effects of Zingerone in protecting the neuronal cell loss by oxidative stress. Thus, the present study indicated that the Zingerone may be used as the potential therapeutic tools for the prevention of CCl4 induced brain mitochondrial toxicity.

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Effects of Zataria multiflora Extract and Carvacrol on Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain

Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.15171/ps.2018.27 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 187-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Reza Mohebbati ◽

Mohammad Jalili-Nik ◽

Maryam Paseban ◽

Mohammad Naser Shafei ◽

Abolfazl Khajavirad Rad

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Rat Brain ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Zataria Multiflora ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Thiol Content

Background: Due to the antioxidant effects of Zataria multiflora (ZM) and Carvacrol (CAR) in various problems and the prominent role of the ROS in neurotoxicity induced by Doxorubicin (DOX), this study was designed to investigate the effects of ZM hydroalcoholic extract and CAR on DOX-induced oxidative stress in rat brain Methods: 24 male rats were randomly divided into four groups including: 1)Control ,2)Doxorubicin (DOX) that received DOX via a tail vein on the first day of the study, 3,4) ZM+DOX and CAR+DOX which received ZM and CAR by gavage for 28 consecutive days. Brain tissue removed for redox markers evaluation. Results: MDA level in the DOX group was significantly increased compared to control group while in treated groups did not show any significant changes in comparison with the DOX group. Also, Thiol content in DOX group showed significant reduction compared to control group. Thiol contents in treated groups showed no significant difference compared to DOX group. Catalase (CAT) activity, an antioxidant enzyme, in the DOX group were significantly decreased compared to control group and increased in treated rats in comparison with the DOX group. Activity of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme, in the DOX group was significantly reduced compared to control group and increased in treated rats in comparison with the DOX group. Conclusion: The present study showed that ZM hydroalcoholic extract and CAR could inhibit DOX induced oxidative stress of the brain mainly with effect on the enzymatic antioxidant defense system.

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Amelioration of oxidative stress in broilers during summer

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1006361s ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (5-6) ◽

pp. 361-381

Author(s):

V. Sujatha ◽

Pandurang Korde ◽

S.K. Rastogi ◽

A.K. Madan ◽

S. Maini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Total Protein ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Synthetic Vitamin ◽

Group I ◽

Feed Premix

A comparative study on antistressor and antioxidative effects of synthetic vitamin C and polyherbal feed premix Ayucee supplementation in broilers was conducted during the summer months of June-July when the mean temperature-humidity index was 84.74?2.51. Day old broiler chicks (n =60) were randomly divided into three groups. Control group I was given basal diet and treatment groups (II&III) were supplemented with Synthetic vitamin C (100g/tonne of feed) and Ayucee (100g/tonne of feed) from day 0 to six weeks of age. Biochemical parameters were analysed after 3rd & 5th week & erythrocytic antioxidant enzymes were analysed after 3rd & 6th week of experiment. Hormonal & immunological parameters were analysed after 6th of experimental study. After 3rd week, mean plasma glucose, cholesterol & antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase (GSSG) were significantly (P? 0.01) lower in treated groups (II & III) than control (I); however total protein, albumin to globulin ratio & antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (P? 0.05) different in group II & III compared to group I. After 5th week, mean plasma glucose, total protein, albumin globulin ratio were significantly (P? 0.05) different in both the treatments compared to control. Erythrocytic GSSG were significantly (P? 0.05) different in both the treatments than control, as observed after 6th week. Stress hormones namely cortisol & thyroxine (T4) were observed to be significantly (P?0.05) higher in untreated control than the treated groups. However, the two treatments did not differ significantly. Mean total immunoglobulin (Ig) level was significantly (P?0.01) higher in AYUCEE & vit-C treated birds than control after 6th week of study. It can be concluded from the results that oxidative stress in broilers during summer could be ameliorated using antioxidant synthetic vitamin C & the polyherbal antistressor, immunomodulator & adaptogenic feed premix AYUCEE.

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Protective effects of Celosia argentea Linn. Vitamin E and dexamethasone on radiation-induced damage on the developing rat cerebellum

Anatomy Journal of Africa ◽

10.4314/aja.v8i2.190407 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1647-1661 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Love Chioma Kanu ◽

Olatunde Owoeye ◽

Innocent Ohiorenuan Imosemi ◽

Adelofolarin Obanishola Malomo

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Gamma Radiation ◽

Rat Brain ◽

Control Group ◽

Rat Cerebellum ◽

Group I ◽

Celosia Argentea ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

Developing Rat

The potential neuroprotective effect of aqueous extract of Celosia argentea Linn (AECA), Vitamin E (Vit E) and Dexamethasone (Dexa) on radiation-induced damage on the developing rat cerebellum was studied. Forty-two female rats weighing between 147 g and 222 g were randomized into six groups (N=7). Control group – Group I, Irrad group – Group II, AECA group – Group III, AECA + Irrad group – Group IV, Vit E + Irrad group – Group V and Dexa+ Irrad group – Group VI. Rats were mated and pregnant rats were exposed to 2.5 Gy gamma radiation on gestation day 7. The administration of 400 mg/kg of AECA, 500 mg/kg of Vit E and 0.005 ml/rat of Dexa started from gestation day 1 till postnatal day 28. Postpartum, 5 pups from each group were exposed to behavioural and biochemical tests and then sacrificed. Brain tissue fixed in 10% formalin, processed by paraffin wax method was stained with H&E and Cresyl violet stains for histology. Radiation significantly (p<0.05) reduced gross, behavioural, histological and histomorphometric parameters, while eliciting oxidative stress relative to control group on post-natal days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Treatment with AECA, Vit E and Dexa with radiation significantly (p<0.05) reduced most of the alterations induced by radiation in the various parameters. This study confirmed development of oxidative stress in rat pups using single dose 2.5 Gy gamma-irradiation. The antioxidant properties of AECA and Vit E and the anti-inflammatory property of Dexa were able to mitigate the alterations in the developing rat brain parameters.Key words: Gamma-radiation, neuroprotective, plant products, rat brain.

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Chemopreventive effect of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage as shown by the comet assay in peripheral blood of rats

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-014-0371-y ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dilek Pandir ◽

Ozlem Kara

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Single Dose ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Control Group ◽

Enzyme Systems ◽

Group I ◽

Chemopreventive Effect

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of bilberry on cisplatin induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in rat blood. Twenty-one female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into three groups: group I — untreated; group II — treated with cisplatin (single dose 7.5 mg/kg b.w.); and group III — treated with cisplatin (single dose 7.5 mg/kg b.w.) and bilberry (200 mg/kg b.w. for 10 days). Antioxidant enzyme systems including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) that might occur on erythrocytes have been determined and single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) was utilized to evaluate the DNA damage in lymphocytes. Treatment with cisplatin has increased the levels of MDA and decreased antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes. Comet assay showed significantly higher values at dose of 7.5 mg/kg cisplatin as the result of oxidative DNA damage when compared to the control group. Cisplatin treatment with bilberry resulted in a highly significant (P < 0.05) decreased in the lymphocytes DNA when compared to the cisplatin group. Bilberry has been effective on antioxidant enzyme systems and MDA level and significantly decreased the comets. Our results indicate that bilberry is capable of preventing genotoxic and cytotoxic damage caused by cisplatin in peripheral blood cells in rats.

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Cytoglobin, neuroglobin, and acetylcholinesterase activity in rat brain as adaptation responses to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.13592.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 426

Author(s):

Angelina Stevany Regina Masengi ◽

Fanny Septiani Farhan ◽

Wawan Mulyawan ◽

Mohamad Sadikin ◽

Ninik Mudjihartini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rat Brain ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Hypoxic Condition ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia

Background: Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia is suggested to possess a protective effect toward the hypoxic condition. The aim of this study is to analyze the expression of cytoglobin (Cygb), neuroglobin (Ngb) and the specific activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain tissue as adaptive responses to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. Methods: Twenty-five adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 5 groups: 1) The control group (normoxia); 2) group exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHH); 3) group exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) on day-1 and re-exposed on day-8 (intermittent hypobaric hypoxia once or IHH1x); 4) group that is exposed to HH on day-1, re-exposed to HH on day-8 and day-15 (intermittent hypobaric hypoxia two times or IHH2x); 5) group exposed to HH on day-1, re-exposed to HH on day-8, day-15 and day-22 (intermittent hypobaric hypoxia 3x or IHH3x). Homogenized brain tissue was then measured and analyzed for Cygb and Ngb protein expression, and also AChE specific activity. Results: Cytoglobin and Ngb were decreased in the acute induction and increased significantly along with the increasing frequency of the IHH induction. There were significant differences in Cygb expression between IHH2x and IHH3x groups compared to normoxia group, and between IHH1x, IHH2x and IHH3x compared to AHH group. There were significant differences in Ngb expression between IHH2x and IHH3x groups compared to normoxia group and between IHH2x and IHH3x groups compared to AHH group. The specific activity of AChE was increased significantly since the first induction of AHH, but then decreased in IHH3x. There were significant differences in the specific activity of AChE between IHH2x and IHH3x groups compared to normoxia and between IHH2x and IHH3x groups compared to IHH1x groups. Conclusions: We conclude that IHH, especially IHH3x, seems to induce the protective adaptive response in the rat brain tissue through the changes of these three parameters.

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Nephrotoxicity and its prevention by catechin in ferric nitrilotriacetate promoted oxidative stress in rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1191/0960327104ht427oa ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 137-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kanwaljit Chopra ◽

Devinder Singh ◽

Vikas Chander

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Renal Function ◽

Renal Dysfunction ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Control Group ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Group Iii ◽

Ferric Nitrilotriacetate ◽

Group I ◽

Rats And Mice

Intraperitoneal injection of ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) to rats and mice results in iron-induced free radical injury and cancer in kidneys. This study was designed to investigate the effect of catechin, a bioflavonoid with antioxidant potential, on Fe-NTA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Four groups were employed in the present study. Group I served as control group, Group II animals received Fe-NTA (8 mg iron/kg body weight i.p.), Group III animals were given 40 mg/kg catechin p.o. twice a day for 4 days and on the 5th day Fe-NTA was challenged, and Group IV animals received catechin alone for 4 days. Renal function was assessed by measuring plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. The oxidative stress was measured by renal malondialdehyde levels, reduced glutathione levels and by enzymatic activity of catalase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase. One hour after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Fe-NTA (8 mg iron/kg), a marked deterioration of renal architecture, renal function and severe oxidative stress was observed. Pretreatment of animals with catechin markedly attenuated renal dysfunction, reduced elevated thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), restored the depleted renal antioxidant enzymes and normalized the renal morphological alterations. These results clearly demonstrate the role of oxidative stress and its relation to renal dysfunction, and suggest a protective effect of catechin on Fe-NTA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

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Comparison of Oxidative Effects of Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Smoke Exposure Performed Experimentally

European Addiction Research ◽

10.1159/000518204 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Oktay Aslaner

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Tobacco Smoke ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽

Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽

Control Group ◽

Exposure Group ◽

Oxidative Effects

Objective: Cigarette smoking is a life-threatening habit that has rapidly spread in every socioeconomic part of the public worldwide. There exist mechanisms of nicotine delivery available to use in the hope of halting cigarette smoking, and the electronic cigarette (EC) is one of the common methods used for tobacco smoking replacement. This study aimed to investigate experimentally the oxidative effects of tobacco smoke and EC smoke which contain nicotine. Method: We constructed smoke circuit rooms for exposing the rats to EC or tobacco smoke. Three groups were created, the control group (N = 8); the electronic cigarette group (N = 8), exposure to electronic cigarette smoke for 2 h per day; and the tobacco group (N = 8), exposure to traditional cigarette smoke for 2 h per day. After the first and second week of exposure, blood samples were obtained, and serum oxidative stress index (OSI), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, and prolidase levels were evaluated. Results: Higher values of OSI and prolidase levels were detected in the first week of EC or tobacco smoke exposure in both study groups (p < 0.001) when compared with the control group, and partial decrements were observed in the second week. By contrast, elevated PON1 levels were observed in the second week after EC or tobacco smoke exposure. The highest OSI levels were observed in the tobacco smoke group (p < 0.001). The lowest values of PON1 levels were detected in the first week of the electronic cigarette smoke group, and this decremental value was statistically different than normal, the second week of the electronic cigarette smoke group, the first week of the traditional cigarette smoke exposure group, and the second week of the traditional cigarette smoke exposure group values (p < 0.000). Conclusion: Our results indicate that EC smoke induced oxidative stress. Therefore, ECs are potentially risky for human health and can lead to important health problems.

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