scholarly journals COMPULSORY VACCINATION FOR CHILDREN: VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 115-140
Author(s):  
Siti Fazilah Abdul Shukor ◽  
Nurul Jannah Mustafa Khan ◽  
Farahdilah Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Compulsory Vaccination ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The World

Immunisation protection includes vaccination programme that is very crucial to prevent the spread of disease among children or those with low immune systems. However, the cases of contagious diseases such as measles have increased dramatically in many countries around the world, including Malaysia. This may be partly due to the rise of certain groups or movements that do not believe in the efficacy of the vaccines. This paper outlined the scenario and existing framework on the administration of the vaccines in Malaysia, with respect to the practices of some countries namely the United State, Italy and Singapore on the implementation of the immunisation programme to its community. Subsequently, this paper highlighted the issues on compulsory vaccination on whether it violated the fundamental liberties incorporated in the Federal Constitution. The researchers adopted a doctrinal approach, whereby materials were compiled from the Malaysian and other jurisdictions’ legislations, case laws, journal articles, and databases. This paper is intended for policymakers as well as the public to understand the possibility for implementing compulsory vaccinations from a legal perspective.

New protests in Chile

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Malcolm Coad
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
National Trade ◽  
The Church

Chile's military regime in 1982 celebrated its ninth anniversary to the accompaniment of the most widespread and publicly expressed opposition since the coup of 11 September 1973. The collapse of its much-vaunted ‘economic miracle’ … most painfully demonstrated by devastated national industries, an unemployment rate of 25%, and a foreign debt estimated by some economists as the highest per capita in the world … has brought criticism from even the most ardent supporters of General Pinochet. As legal labour representatives became more vocal, leaders of the largest union federation, the National Trade Union Co-ordinating Body (CNS), were jailed, while in February the outspoken President of the Public Servants Union, Tucapel Jimenez, was found dead and mutilated by a roadside near Santiago. In the first six months of this year 837 people were charged with political offences, an increase of more than a third over the same period in 1981, while thousands more were detained on suspicion and reports of torture increased. Relations between the regime and the Church worsened, despite the latter's reining in of some of its human rights activity.

scholarly journals How to uphold a Human Right in the World and Indonesia? A Book Review Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia, Rahayu Hartini, Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 2015, 408 Pages, ISBN 978-979-70490-6-5

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yufi Al Izhar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Class Group ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

Human Rights are basically universal and their rights cannot be taken and revoked by anyone. This is interpreted no matter how bad a person's behavior, a person will still be considered as human as they should be, and will continue to have their rights as human beings, which means that their human rights are inherent and will always be permanently attached to him. Human Rights (HAM) are believed to be the right of life naturally possessed by every human being without exception and a special human thing such as class, group, or social level. Human Rights have basically been championed by humans in all parts of the world throughout the ages. The book written by Prof. Dr. Rahayu, which is very intended for both Faculty of Law students and non-Faculty of Law students, provides an answer to the doubts of the public regarding Human Rights that actually occur in Indonesia and internationally. She also explained the meanings of the struggle of each country that issued their public opinion in the interest of the International, this meant that something that happened in the international arena was certainly a collection of perceptions of settlement within a country. Therefore, Human Rights Law cannot be separated from the main supporting factors which are the material of the countries that make the agreement.

scholarly journals Evangelicals at the Inter-American Court of Human Rights

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 360-364
Author(s):  
Rene Urueña
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Public Sphere

Christian Evangelicals are a growing political force in Latin America. Most recently, they have engaged the Inter-American Court of Human Rights to challenge basic LGBTI achievements, such as same-sex marriage and other demands for equal rights. Several commentators thus speak of an imminent showdown between human rights protections and Christian Evangelism in the region, which would mirror similar conflicts elsewhere in the world. This essay challenges this narrative and warns against a top-down “secular fundamentalism,” which may alienate a significant part of the region's population and create deep resentment against the Court. As it turns forty, the Court faces a “spiritual” crisis: conservative religious movements have become one of its key interlocutors, with demands and expectations that compete with (but could also complement) those of other regional social movements. Difficult as it may be, the Court needs to be bold in creating argumentative spaces that allow for the Evangelical experience to exist in the public sphere in Latin America, in a context of respect for human rights in general, and for LGBTI rights in particular.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP TOLERANSI KEBEBASAN BERAGAMA DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HAK ASASI MANUSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Nathanael Bagas Setyawan ◽  
Ridwan Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The World ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
Religious Problems

Activities to religion are generally carried out by all religious communities in the world without limiting an activity in the process, because it can disrupt the worship process. But in its implementation, especially in Indonesia, the public is less aware of the importance of tolerating religious freedom in order to prevent religious conflicts in the concept of Human Rights. Historically, religious problems are a social problem because they involve the lives of people who cannot be separated from the study of social sciences. Therefore, the religious sciences are essentially parts of Sociology, Psychology and Anthropology. Whereas the issue of religious intolerance in Indonesia is a crucial problem, because these problems can divide the Indonesian people, even though religious problems are a problem that does not need to be exaggerated because in essence every religion teaches good things so that the issue of religious freedom of others is in vain. So from that a country needs to have a law to regulate the existing government system, one of which is to regulate religion in Indonesia. Religion in Indonesia itself has been regulated in chapter XI of Religion in Article 29 paragraph (2) where the State guarantees the independence of each resident to embrace their respective religion and to worship according to that belief. Not only about religious freedom, the context of violations concerning religion in Indonesia has also been regulated in law, but the public still underestimates the law because they themselves are also taboo on the laws that apply in Indonesia. Problems concerning religious intolerance can be prevented through counseling on vulnerable areas that will cause religious commotion, so that the pillars of nationality contained in the Pancasila can still survive and run as they should. This study analyzes the Protection of Religious Freedom in Indonesia in the perspective of Human Rights in Indonesia.  Keywords : Agama, intoleransi, konflik, kebebasan, perlindungan hukum.

“You Talk Of Terrible Things So Matter-of-Factly in This Language of Science”: Constructing Human Rights in the Academy

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charli Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Politics ◽  
The Media

How does the everyday politics behind scientific inquiry impact what we come to know about the world? Here I consider this question in the context of my own fieldwork on the human rights response to children born of war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. First, I reflect on how the academy functions to direct researchers' attention and skill sets to certain types of human rights problems in certain ways, inevitably affecting what we can know about our subject matter. Second, I consider the practical politics by which human rights scholars interface with policy-makers, the media, and the public, and the extent to which members of the human rights scholarly community constitute nodes in the wider networks we are studying.

scholarly journals eWords for New Worlds

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahia Smail Salhi ◽  
Vahideh Golzard
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Health Information ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
The Public ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact

Abstract The potential impact of the internet on women’s empowerment can be identified in a variety of ways. The internet can provide diverse avenues for women’s social, political and economic empowerment and valuable sites can help with education, health, information and awareness of human rights in the public and the private spheres. Beyond these parameters the internet is also an open gate to the world, one that allows women to join global networks from the confines of their homes and break the boundaries of closed societies. In this article, we explore the changes the internet has brought to the lives of Iranian women. Drawing on interviews with a group of Iranian women who are active internet users in Tehran, we address how they understand and perceive digital empowerment.

scholarly journals Compulsory Vaccination in a Fundamental Rights Perspective: Lessens from the ECtHR

ICL Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Krasser
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
Compulsory Vaccination ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Court ◽  
Master Thesis

Abstract The multiple COVID-19 vaccines developed over the past months are typically thought of as the only means to meet the challenges posed by the current pandemic. Still, the public opinion on vaccines is heavily divided. And, of course, discussions about compulsory vaccination, oftentimes based on fundamental rights arguments, tend to become heated. This note This note builds on the arguments developed in the author’s master thesis Anja Krasser, ‘Die grundrechtliche Zulässigkeit einer Impfpflicht in Österreich’ (Universität Graz 2019) which have previously been summarized in Anja Krasser, ‘Zur grundrechtlichen Zulässigkeit einer Impfpflicht’ (2020) 2020/206 RdM 136. analyses the issues at hand based on the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR).

scholarly journals Cultural Heritage and the Crisis of Democracy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yussef Campos
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Direct Elections ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Artistic Heritage

Democracy in Brazil is experiencing a crisis that has not been seen for a long time. After the 1988 Constitution, democratic institutions began to show signs of strengthening, such as the Public Ministry, the Judiciary, direct elections, among others. However, the rise of the extreme right – a non-exclusive event in our country – has mitigated and persecuted these institutions, with their dismantling, their ideological and religious equipment and even their extinction, as happened with the Ministry of Culture. The National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute has also been the target of repeated attacks. Appointments of unprepared individuals, without adequate qualification to assume management and leadership positions at the Institute has been the Achilles heel of the almost centenary IPHAN (National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute, in the acronym in Portuguese). Other facts mark the attack on places of memory and Brazilian heritage. In the midst of demonstrations around the world about the modification of place names that honor human rights defenders and the overthrowing of their statues, in Brazil the president of the republic testifies to his inability to occupy this position by giving prizes to torturers who acted as torturers in the Civil-Military Dictatorship (1964–1985). Thus, this brief text will seek to exemplify how some facts – some prior to the current administration but which solidify with it – exemplify the current democratic crisis, which strikes not only Heritage and places of memory, but also an entire state structure that comes undone through the virulence of fake news and corruption led by the Bolsonaro family.

scholarly journals Autoimmunity and Antibody Dependent COVID-19 Enhancement of SARS CoV-2 Vaccination: Moving from Nobel Prize to Prison Sentence.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Kelleni
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Autoimmune Myocarditis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Compulsory Vaccination ◽  
European Court ◽  
A Company

mRNA based and adenovirus vectored vaccines, types of nucleic acid-based vaccination, were first ever or first commercially ever approved for the public, respectively. However, these new types possess a potential risk to induce auto-immune diseases e.g. thrombocytopenia and some of these complications might also reason for some of the post vaccination sudden death reports e.g. autoimmune myocarditis and immune induced thromboembolism. Moreover, all SARS CoV-2 types of vaccines, depending on the spike protein immunogenicity, especially the conventional inactivated ones might increase the likelihood of COVID-19 severity upon re-infection through antibody dependent enhancement which might also reason for some of the serious adverse effects encountered with administration of convalescent plasma to COVID-19 patients. Importantly, we recommended the CDC to change its neutral recommendation and to advice against administration of nucleic acid-based vaccines to persons complaining from autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, we urge the FDA to consider a reevaluation of the emergency approval granted to Pfizer-BioNTech SARS CoV-2 mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccine as a company specific extra risk might be present wishing for an independent re-evaluation of the important Israeli pan-national experiment. On the other hand, we agree with the EMA decision to reevaluate the safety of Oxford/AstraZeneca (AZD1222) vaccine that ultimately led to a potential thrombosis labelling. Most importantly, a moral, legal, and sacred constitutional public right to know and decide basing on a personalized risk benefit ratio must be secured. Finally, we totally condemn, from a medical point of view, any national policy that necessitates these experimental vaccines and we also condemn the European Court of Human Rights shameful ruling that compulsory vaccination would not contravene human rights law and we suggest that the rapid race to develop and approve SARS CoV-2 vaccines with all its political and economic aspects might eventually end with a man-made Hades that might exceed COVID-19 in its dangers with a potential to replace Nobel Prize with an imprisonment sentence regardless of the signed agreements that will not, ever, secure impunity.

scholarly journals Women: the Target of Fundamentalists

1970 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Anna Karamanou
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms

Recently, we experienced the drama of Safiya Husseini, sentenced to death by stoning by the Islamic court of Sokoto in Nigeria, for committing the “crime” of having an extra-marital child. It was followed by the death penalty for Abok Alfa Akok, a pregnant southern Sudanese woman. These two incidents brought to the public debate the issue of the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms for millions of women around the world. Although the international outcry, the mobilization of the civil society and the European Parliament managed, in the last minute, to save the lives of the two women, the issue of violence against women remains.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document