scholarly journals COVID‑19 and comorbid chronic diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
S. V. Zaikov
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Brain Infarction ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Comorbid Chronic Diseases ◽  
Multimorbid Patients

ABSTRACT. This literature review includes the latest studies and meta-analyses, dedicated to the problem of comorbidity in coronavirus disease (COVID‑19). The most often comorbid conditions that accompany severe and fatal cases of COVID‑19 include arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus (DM), ischemic heart disease (IHD), brain infarction, chronic bronchitis /сhronic obstructive lung disease. These diseases share some common features like proinflammatory condition and the deterioration of innate immunity. Mechanisms of unfavorable influence of DM, AH, IHD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on the course of COVID‑19 include the imbalance of biochemical cascades of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and so-called cytokine storm, induced by glucolipid metabolic disturbances. Revealing of causality between chronic diseases and severe course of COVID‑19 in future studies can help health system providers to find the susceptible population, to estimate the risk of deterioration of clinical condition and to prescribe the preventive measures (for instance, vaccination of high-risk individuals from influenza and, in the future, from COVID‑19). Severe course of COVID‑19 and high mortality in multimorbid patients underline the need in the strict control of their basic biological parameters (arterial pressure, fasting plasma glucose etc.). Apart from that, with the aim of minimization of infection risk these patients need to imply stricter quarantine and shielding measures than the relatively healthy people. Medical workers should also emphasize on telemedicine technologies in management of such patients.

scholarly journals Digital Interventions for Psychological Comorbidities in Chronic Diseases—A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Marta Maisto ◽  
Barbara Diana ◽  
Sonia Di Tella ◽  
Marta Matamala-Gomez ◽  
Jessica Isbely Montana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Digital Contents ◽  
Psychological Comorbidities ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analyses

Chronic diseases represent one of the main causes of death worldwide. The integration of digital solutions in clinical interventions is broadly diffused today; however, evidence on their efficacy in addressing psychological comorbidities of chronic diseases is sparse. This systematic review analyzes and synthesizes the evidence about the efficacy of digital interventions on psychological comorbidities outcomes of specific chronic diseases. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted. Only Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were considered and either depression or anxiety had to be assessed to match the selection criteria. Of the 7636 identified records, 17 matched the inclusion criteria: 9 digital interventions on diabetes, 4 on cardiovascular diseases, 3 on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and one on stroke. Of the 17 studies reviewed, 14 found digital interventions to be effective. Quantitative synthesis highlighted a moderate and significant overall effect of interventions on depression, while the effect on anxiety was small and non-significant. Design elements making digital interventions effective for psychological comorbidities of chronic diseases were singled out: (a) implementing a communication loop with patients and (b) providing disease-specific digital contents. This focus on “how” to design technologies can facilitate the translation of evidence into practice.

scholarly journals Determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults with chronic diseases in the USA: an analysis of the nationally representative COVID-19 impact survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e044600
Author(s):  
Jessica Y. Islam ◽  
Denise C. Vidot ◽  
Marlene Camacho-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundPreventive behaviours have been recommended to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Adults with chronic diseases (CDs) are at higher risk of COVID-19-related mortality compared to the general population. Our objective was to evaluate adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults without CDs compared with those with CDs and identify determinants of non-adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours.Study designCross-sectional.Setting and participantsWe used data from the nationally representative COVID-19 Impact Survey (n=10 760) conducted in the USA.Primary measuresAdults with CDs were categorised based on a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease/heart attack/stroke, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis or emphysema, cystic fibrosis, liver disease, compromised immune system, or cancer (54%).ResultsCompared with adults without CDs, adults with CDs were more likely to adhere to preventive behaviours including wearing a face mask (χ2-p<0.001), social distancing (χ2-p<0.001), washing or sanitising hands (χ2-p<0.001), and avoiding some or all restaurants (χ2-p=0.002) and public or crowded places (χ2-p=0.001). Adults with a high school degree or below [Adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR):1.82, 95% Confidence interval (CI)1.04 to 3.17], household income <US$50 000 (aPR:2.03, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.72), uninsured (aPR:1.65, 95% CI1.09 to 2.52), employed (aPR:1.48, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.17), residing in rural areas (aPR:1.70, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.85) and without any CD (aPR:1.78, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.55) were more likely to not adhere to COVID-19 preventive behaviours.ConclusionAdults with CDs are more likely to adhere to recommended COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Public health messaging targeting specific demographic groups and geographic areas, such as adults without CD or adults living in rural areas, should be prioritised.

scholarly journals The Association of Healthy Aging with Multimorbidity: IKARIA Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Alexandra Foscolou ◽  
Christina Chrysohoou ◽  
Kyriakos Dimitriadis ◽  
Konstantina Masoura ◽  
Georgia Vogiatzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Aging Index ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Depression Symptomatology ◽  
Study Participants

The aim of this study was to evaluate several sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics of the IKARIA study participants and to find healthy aging trajectories of multimorbidity of Ikarian islanders. During 2009, 1410 people (aged 30+) from Ikaria Island, Greece, were voluntarily enrolled in the IKARIA study. Multimorbidity was defined as the combination of at least two of the following chronic diseases: hypertension; hypercholesterolemia; diabetes; obesity; cancer; CVD; osteoporosis; thyroid, renal, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A healthy aging index (HAI) ranging from 0 to 100 was constructed using 4 attributes, i.e., depression symptomatology, cognitive function, mobility, and socializing. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 51% among men and 65.5% among women, while the average number of comorbidities was 1.7 ± 1.4 for men and 2.2 ± 1.4 for women. The most prevalent chronic diseases among men with multimorbidity were hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity while among women they were hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and thyroid disease. Multimorbidity was correlated with HAI (Spearman’s rho = −0.127, p < 0.001) and for every 10-unit increase in HAI, participants had 20% lower odds of being multimorbid. Multimorbidity in relation to HAI revealed a different trend across aging among men and women, coinciding only in the seventh decade of life. Aging is usually accompanied by chronic diseases, but multimorbidity seems to also be common among younger adults. However, healthy aging is a lifelong process that may lead to limited co-morbidities across the lifespan.

Antithrombotic therapy in multimorbid patients with atrial fibrillation from standpoint of clinical recommendations of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation (2020). Effectiveness and safety of apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation and concomitant diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
O. D. Ostroumova ◽  
V. N. Butorov ◽  
N. A. Arablinsky ◽  
R. R. Romanovsky ◽  
S. V. Batyukina
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Multimorbid Patients

Clinical practice and ongoing scientific research in recent years show the importance of the problem of multimorbidity in atrial fibrillation (AF). The prevalence of AF in the general population is 1–2%, while the frequency of its occurrence increases with age – from less than 0.5% at the age of 40–50 to 5–15% at the age of 80. Only 19.6% of patients with AF have no comorbidities, 69.3% of patients have 1 to 3 comorbidities, and 11.1% of patients with AF had 4 and more comorbidities. In patients with AF and with 4 and more comorbidities, the risk of death from all causes is almost seven times higher than in patients without comorbidities. As shown by the post hoc analysis of the ARISTOTLE study, apixaban was equally effective and safe in both patients without concomitant pathology and in muliborbid patients. The efficacy and safety of apixaban has been shown in AF and concomitant arterial hypertension, heart failure, coronary heart disease, including in patients with acute coronary syndrome, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The data of scientific research in recent years are reflected in the recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on AF (2020), which presents a separate section on the management of patients with concomitant diseases. It is emphasized that apixaban has shown its superiority over warfarin and other direct oral anticoagulants in terms of efficacy and safety, both in isolated AF and in patients with concomitant diseases, which makes its choice preferable in the treatment of multimirbidity AF patients.

scholarly journals Use of heated tobacco products by people with chronic diseases: The 2019 JASTIS study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260154
Author(s):  
Chikako Nakama ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Internet Study

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have become popular recently. People with chronic disease, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer, should quit smoking for treatment and recurrence of tobacco-related diseases. However, they have difficulty in quitting smoking, and they may start HTPs use to quit smoking. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of HTPs in people with chronic disease. We used data from an internet study, the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey (JASTIS). We analyzed 9,008 respondents aged 15–73 years in 2019 using logistic regression. Current use of tobacco products was defined as use within the previous 30 days. Prevalence of current HTP use including dual use and dual use with cigarettes was 9.0% and 6.1% respectively in total. By disease: hypertension 10.2% and 7.4%, diabetes 15.9% and 12.3%, CVD 19.2% and 15.7%, COPD 40.5% and 33.3%, and cancer 17.5% and 11.9%. Diabetes, CVD, COPD, and cancer were positively associated with current use of HTPs (odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.48 (1.06, 2.07), 2.29 (1.38, 3.80), 3.97(1.73, 9.11), and 3.58(1.99, 6.44), respectively) and dual use of cigarettes and HTPs (ORs and 95% CIs: 2.23 (1.61, 3.09), 3.58 (2.29, 5.60), 7.46 (3.76, 14.80), and 2.57 (1.46, 4.55), respectively) after adjusting for confounders. People with chronic disease were more likely to use HTPs and HTPs together with cigarettes. Further research on the smoking situation of HTPs in patients with chronic diseases is necessary.

Advances in rehabilitation for chronic diseases: improving health outcomes and function

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline R Richardson ◽  
Barry Franklin ◽  
Marilyn L Moy ◽  
Elizabeth A Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Home Based

Abstract Much of the burden on healthcare systems is related to the management of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although conventional outpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programs significantly decrease morbidity and mortality and improve function and health related quality of life for people with chronic diseases, rehabilitation programs are underused. Barriers to enrollment are multifactorial and include failure to recommend and refer patients to these services; poor communication with patients about potential benefits; and patient factors including logistical and financial barriers, comorbidities, and competing demands that make participation in facility based programs difficult. Recent advances in rehabilitation programs that involve remotely delivered technology could help deliver services to more people who might benefit. Problems with intensity, adherence, and safety of home based programs have been investigated in recent clinical trials, and larger dissemination and implementation trials are under way. This review summarizes the evidence for benefit of in-person cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation programs. It also reviews the literature on newer developments, such as home based remotely mediated exercise programs developed to decrease cost and improve accessibility, high intensity interval training in cardiac rehabilitation, and alternative therapies such as tai chi and yoga for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

scholarly journals Physiological responses to arm versus leg activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e019942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Frykholm ◽  
Vanessa Pereira Lima ◽  
Tania Janaudis-Ferreira ◽  
Andre Nyberg
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionCompared with healthy older adults, people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have reduced capacity and increased symptoms during leg and arm activities. While the mechanisms underlying limitations and symptoms during leg activities have been investigated in detail, limitations and symptoms during arm activities are not well understood, and the potential differences between physiological responses of leg and arm activities have not been systematically synthesised. Determining physiological responses and symptoms of arm activities compared with physiological responses and symptoms of leg activities will help us understand the mechanisms behind the difficulties that people with COPD experience when performing physical activities, and determine how exercise training should be prescribed. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to compare the physiological responses and symptoms during activities involving the arms relative to activities involving the legs in people diagnosed with COPD.Methods and analysesThis protocol is reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. Potentially relevant studies will be identified from CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PubMed databases. The Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcomes, and Study characteristics framework will be used to systematise the process of selecting and extracting data from relevant studies. Assessment of the methodological quality of the studies will be done by using the 14 most relevant components from the checklist by Downs and Black. The result will be presented with a narrative synthesis, and if appropriate with meta-analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this study is a systematic review. It is our intention to submit the results of our review for peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017074476.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Interpretation of Challenges Associated with Helping Patients with Multiple Chronic Diseases Identify Their Goals

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Boeckxstaens ◽  
Sara Willems ◽  
Mieke Lanssens ◽  
Charlotte Decuypere ◽  
Guy Brusselle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multiple Chronic Diseases

Background Patients with multiple chronic diseases are usually treated according to disease-specific guidelines, with outcome measurements focusing mostly on biomedical indicators (e.g. blood sugar levels or lung function). However, for multimorbidity, a goal-oriented approach focusing on the goals defined by the individual patient, may be more suitable. Despite the clear theoretical and conceptual advantages of including patient-defined goals in clinical decision-making for multimorbidity, it is not clear how patients define their goals and which aspects play a role in the process of defining them. Objective To explore goal-setting in patients with multimorbidity. Design Qualitative analysis of interviews with 19 patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbidities. Results Patients do not naturally present their goals. Their goals are difficult to elicit, even when different interviewing techniques are used. Four underlying hypotheses which may explain this finding were identified from the interviews: (1) patients cannot identify with the concept of goal-setting; (2) goal-setting is reduced due to acceptation; (3) actual stressors predominate over personal goal-setting; and (4) patients may consider personal goals as selfish. Conclusions Our findings advocate for specific attention to provider skills and strategies that help patients identify their personal goals. The hypotheses on why patients may struggle with defining goals may be useful to prompt patients in this process and support the development of a clinical method for goal-oriented care.

scholarly journals The benefits and harms of therapeutic exercise on physical and psychosocial outcomes in people with multimorbidity: Protocol for a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2235042X2092045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Bricca ◽  
Lasse K Harris ◽  
Madalina Saracutu ◽  
Susan M Smith ◽  
Carsten B Juhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Therapeutic Exercise ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the benefits and harms of therapeutic exercise in people with multimorbidity defined as the combination of two or more of the following conditions: knee and hip osteoarthritis, hypertension, diabetes type 2, depression, heart failure, ischaemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, by performing a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: This study will be performed according to the recommendations from the Cochrane Collaboration and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We will search for RCTs investigating the effect of therapeutic exercise in multimorbidity, as defined above, in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and CINAHL from 1990. Cochrane reviews on the effect of therapeutic exercise for each of the aforementioned conditions and references of the included studies will be checked for eligible studies and citation tracking will be performed in Web of Science. We will assess the risk of bias of the included studies using the Cochrane ‘Risk of Bias Tool’ 2.0 and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment for judging the overall quality of evidence. Meta-analyses will be performed, if possible, using a random-effects model as heterogeneity is expected due to differences in interventions and participant characteristics and outcome measures. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses will be performed to explore potential predictors of outcomes. Dissemination: The results of this systematic review will be published in a peer-review journal, presented at national and international conferences and made available to end users via infographics, podcasts, press releases and videos.

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