scholarly journals Novel Biodegradable Polyurethanes Reinforced With Green Nanofibers for Applications in Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza M. Nakhoda
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
New Class ◽  
Biodegradable Polyurethane ◽  
Liquid Displacement ◽  
Polyurethane Composites ◽  
Interconnected Pore

New class of green biocomposites were designed and synthesized for tissue engineering applications. These newly introduced non-cytotoxic, biodegradable polyurethane composites had different compositions (i.e., ratio of hard to soft segments) of the linear, aliphatic hexamethylene diisocyanate and polycaprolactone diol. The porosity was introduced in the polyurethane matrix using a combination of salt leaching and thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). The resulting interconnected pore size was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to be between 125-355 μm. Porosity was determined using liquid displacement and found to be between 70-75% for non-reinforced matrices, 64-70% for reinforcement with 5 wt% biocellulose nanofiber (BCNF), 59-69% for 10 wt% BCNF, and 57-69% for 15 wt% BCNF biocomposite samples. Dependent on the composition, compressive strength showed up to a little less than two-fold increase (85%) for green BCNF reinforcement of 5 wt% and more than two-fold increase (120%) for 10 wt%. The tensile strength also increased up to almost two-fold (114%) for reinforcement with 5 wt% BCNF and to more than two-fold (140%) for 10 wt% reinforcement. Higher degrees of reinforcement showed a detrimental effect on both properties. Properties demonstrate that this novel class of nanostructured biocomposite holds potential to be utilized as scaffolds for tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Novel Biodegradable Polyurethanes Reinforced With Green Nanofibers for Applications in Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza M. Nakhoda
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
New Class ◽  
Biodegradable Polyurethane ◽  
Liquid Displacement ◽  
Polyurethane Composites ◽  
Interconnected Pore

New class of green biocomposites were designed and synthesized for tissue engineering applications. These newly introduced non-cytotoxic, biodegradable polyurethane composites had different compositions (i.e., ratio of hard to soft segments) of the linear, aliphatic hexamethylene diisocyanate and polycaprolactone diol. The porosity was introduced in the polyurethane matrix using a combination of salt leaching and thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). The resulting interconnected pore size was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to be between 125-355 μm. Porosity was determined using liquid displacement and found to be between 70-75% for non-reinforced matrices, 64-70% for reinforcement with 5 wt% biocellulose nanofiber (BCNF), 59-69% for 10 wt% BCNF, and 57-69% for 15 wt% BCNF biocomposite samples. Dependent on the composition, compressive strength showed up to a little less than two-fold increase (85%) for green BCNF reinforcement of 5 wt% and more than two-fold increase (120%) for 10 wt%. The tensile strength also increased up to almost two-fold (114%) for reinforcement with 5 wt% BCNF and to more than two-fold (140%) for 10 wt% reinforcement. Higher degrees of reinforcement showed a detrimental effect on both properties. Properties demonstrate that this novel class of nanostructured biocomposite holds potential to be utilized as scaffolds for tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Development of Photocrosslinkable Urethane-Doped Polyester Elastomers for Soft Tissue Engineering

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Richard T. Tran ◽  
Dipendra Gyawali ◽  
Jian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Soft Tissue Engineering

Finding an ideal biomaterial with the proper mechanical properties and biocompatibility has been of intense focus in the field of soft tissue engineering. This paper reports on the synthesis and characterization of a novel crosslinked urethane-doped polyester elastomer (CUPOMC), which was synthesized by reacting a previously developed photocrosslinkable poly (octamethylene maleate citrate) (POMC) prepolymers (pre-POMC) with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) followed by thermo- or photo-crosslinking polymerization. The mechanical properties of the CUPOMCs can be tuned by controlling the molar ratios of pre-POMC monomers, and the ratio between the prepolymer and HDI. CUPOMCs can be crosslinked into a 3D network through polycondensation or free radical polymerization reactions. The tensile strength and elongation at break of CUPOMC synthesized under the known conditions range from 0.73±0.12MPa to 10.91±0.64MPa and from 72.91±9.09% to 300.41±21.99% respectively. Preliminary biocompatibility tests demonstrated that CUPOMCs support cell adhesion and proliferation. Unlike the pre-polymers of other crosslinked elastomers, CUPOMC pre-polymers possess great processability demonstrated by scaffold fabrication via a thermally induced phase separation method. The dual crosslinking methods for CUPOMC pre-polymers should enhance the versatile processability of the CUPOMC used in various conditions. Development of CUPOMC should expand the choices of available biodegradable elastomers for various biomedical applications such as soft tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Using Ferric Catalyst for Hypopharyngeal Tissue Engineering

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhisen Shen ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Dakai Lu ◽  
Qun Li ◽  
Chongchang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Biodegradable Polyurethane ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane ◽  
Hydrophilic Polyurethane

Biodegradable polyurethane is an ideal candidate material to fabricate tissue engineered hypopharynx from its good mechanical properties and biodegradability. We thus synthesized a hydrophilic polyurethane via reactions among polyethylene glycol (PEG), e-caprolactone (e-CL) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and thrihydroxymethyl propane (TMP). The product possessed a fast degradability due to its good wettability and good mechanical parameters with the elongations at break (137 ± 10%) and tensile strength (4.73 ± 0.46 MPa), which will make it a good matrix material for soft tissue like hypopharynx. Its biological properties were evaluated viain vitroandin vivotests. The results showed that this hydrophilic polyurethane material can support hypopharyngeal fibroblast growth and owned good degradability and low inflammatory reaction in subcutaneous implantation. It will be proposed as the scaffold for hypopharyngeal tissue engineering research in our future study.

Preparation and Properties of Biodegradable Polyurethane Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Xian Yun He ◽  
Yong Jun Xu ◽  
Ying Jun Wang ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Bo Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Inverse Technique ◽  
Compression Property ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Biodegradable Polyurethane

3D porous scaffolds were produced by a combined salt leaching-phase inverse technique. Results showed that micorpores and macropores distributed in the produced scaffolds with high porosity (more than 75%). The interconnectivity can be influenced by the use of methanol and water as a nonsolvent to induce liquidliquid phase separation. The addition of the nonsolvent and NaCl had influence on compression property of the scaffolds.

Preparation and Characterization of Porous β-TCP/PLLA Composites with High β-TCP Content

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 491-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Bin Liu ◽  
Yan Bo Gao ◽  
Shun Dong Miao ◽  
Wen Jian Weng ◽  
Kui Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Thermally Induced Phase Separation ◽  
Particle Content ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Inorganic Particle ◽  
Interconnected Pore ◽  
Interconnected Pore Structure

Porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/ Poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) composites were prepared by thermally induced phase separation method. The results showed that the composite had an interconnected pore structure with ～200μm macropores. The inorganic particle content in the composites varied from 50% to 80% and these particles were homogeneously dispersed in PLLA matrix. The composites obtained in this study could act as a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering because of the pore structure and the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Influence of 45S5 and Cu-Containing 45S5 Bioactive Glass (BG) on the Biological Properties of Novel Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/BG Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schuhladen ◽  
Barbara Lukasiewicz ◽  
Pooja Basnett ◽  
Ipsita Roy ◽  
Aldo R. Boccaccini
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Hard Tissue Engineering

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), due to their biodegradable and biocompatible nature and their ability to be formed in complex structures, are excellent candidates for fabricating scaffolds used in tissue engineering. By introducing inorganic compounds, such as bioactive glasses (BGs), the bioactive properties of PHAs can be further improved. In addition to their outstanding bioactivity, BGs can be additionally doped with biological ions, which in turn extend the functionality of the BG-PHA composite. Here, different PHAs were combined with 45S5 BG, which was additionally doped with copper in order to introduce antibacterial and angiogenic properties. The resulting composite was used to produce scaffolds by the salt leaching technique. By performing indirect cell biology tests using stromal cells, a dose-depending effect of the dissolution products released from the BG-PHA scaffolds could be found. In low concentrations, no toxic effect was found. Moreover, in higher concentrations, a minor reduction of cell viability combined with a major increase in VEGF release was measured. This result indicates that the fabricated composite scaffolds are suitable candidates for applications in soft and hard tissue engineering. However, more in-depth studies are necessary to fully understand the release kinetics and the resulting long-term effects of the BG-PHA composites.

Structure and Properties of Poly(α-hydroxyl acids)/Nano Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds

2002 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guobao Wei ◽  
Peter X. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Polymer Scaffolds ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Tissue Engineering Approach ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Organ Failures

ABSTRACTTissue losses and organ failures resulting from injuries or diseases remain frequent and serious health problems despite great advances in medical technologies. Transplantation and reconstructive surgeries are seriously challenged by donor tissue shortage. We take a tissue engineering approach to design 3D scaffolds for cells to grow and synthesize new tissues. The scaffolds are biodegradable and will be absorbed after fulfilling the purpose as 3D templates, leaving nothing foreign in the body. To better mimic natural bone structurally, mechanically and biologically, nano-sized hydroxyapatite particles (N-HAP) were formulated with biodegradable poly(α-hydroxyl acids) to form composite scaffolds with well-controlled pore structures using thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) in this work. The pore structure and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were optimized by the use of multiple solvent systems, different quenching rates and quenching depths. The fabricated scaffolds possessed porosities higher than 90% and average pore sizes ranging from 50 to 500 μm. The scaffolds containing N-HAP maintained open and regular 3D pore structure similar to those of plain polymer scaffolds, implying that N-HAP particles were dispersed within the polymer pore walls of the scaffolds. The addition of N-HAP increased the compressive modulus by 20∼80% over that of plain polymer scaffolds. These results indicate that poly(α-hydroxyl acids)/N-HAP scaffolds may provide excellent 3D substrates for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Biological Effect of Gas Plasma Treatment on CO2Gas Foaming/Salt Leaching Fabricated Porous Polycaprolactone Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Yeong Bak ◽  
Min-Suk Kook ◽  
Sang-Chul Jung ◽  
Byung-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Gas Plasma ◽  
Plasma Surface Treatment ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Gas Foaming

Porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated by using the CO2gas foaming/salt leaching process and then PCL scaffolds surface was treated by oxygen or nitrogen gas plasma in order to enhance the cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. The PCL and NaCl were mixed in the ratios of 3 : 1. The supercritical CO2gas foaming process was carried out by solubilizing CO2within samples at 50°C and 8 MPa for 6 hr and depressurization rate was 0.4 MPa/s. The oxygen or nitrogen plasma treated porous PCL scaffolds were prepared at discharge power 100 W and 10 mTorr for 60 s. The mean pore size of porous PCL scaffolds showed 427.89 μm. The gas plasma treated porous PCL scaffolds surface showed hydrophilic property and the enhanced adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells comparing to untreated porous PCL scaffolds. The PCL scaffolds produced from the gas foaming/salt leaching and plasma surface treatment are suitable for potential applications in bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Water Uptake in PHBV/Wollastonite Scaffolds: A Kinetics Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ribas ◽  
Montanheiro ◽  
Montagna ◽  
Prado ◽  
Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Kinetic Mechanism ◽  
Kinetics Study ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Thermally Induced Phase Separation ◽  
Thermally Induced

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a widely studied polymer and it has been found that porous PHBV materials are suitable for substrates for cell cultures. A crucial factor for scaffolds designed for tissue engineering is the water uptake. This property influences the transport of water and nutrients into the scaffold, which promotes cell growth. PHBV has significant hydrophobicity, which can harm the production of cells. Thus, the addition of α-wollastonite (WOL) can modify the PHBV scaffold’s water uptake. To our knowledge, a kinetics study of water uptake of α-wollastonite phase powder and the PHBV matrix has not been reported. In this work, PHBV and WOL, (PHBV/WOL) films were produced with 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt % of WOL. Films were characterized, and the best concentrations were chosen to produce PHBV/WOL scaffolds. The addition of WOL in concentrations up to 10 wt % increased the cell viability of the films. MTT analysis showed that PHBV/5%WOL and PHBV/10%WOL obtained cell viability of 80% and 98%, respectively. Therefore, scaffolds with 0, 5 and 10 wt % of WOL were fabricated by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). Scaffolds were characterized with respect to morphology and water uptake in assay for 65 days. The scaffold with 10 wt % of WOL absorbed 44.1% more water than neat PHBV scaffold, and also presented a different kinetic mechanism when compared to other samples. Accordingly, PHBV/WOL scaffolds were shown to be potential candidates for biological applications.

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