scholarly journals Thermal enhancement of a building integrated photovoltaic/thermal system coupled with an air source heat pump

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Air Heater ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
The Hours

Enhancements of a building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system intended for coupling with an air source multispeed heat pump (MSHP) is presented. The systems were analyzed using a modified version of EnergyPlus, a quasi-steady state building energy simulation program. A sensitivity analysis of the internal channel surface and cover emissivity parameters of the Opaque BIPV/T, transparent BIPV/T, and building integrated solar air heater collectors (BISAH) was conducted. In addition, collector arrangement analyses were performed. A BIPV/T- BISAH array design was selected based on the results of the analyses and evaluated using a net-zero energy house and an energy efficient house. The integrated BIPV/T-BISAH coupled ASHP system reduced space heating electricity consumption of the net-zero house by 6.5% and the energy efficient house by 3.4%. These low levels of savings were largely due to the passive design of the houses that reduced heating loads during sunny hours; this resulted in a mismatch between the hours when the integrated system could provide energy savings and the need for space heating.

scholarly journals Thermal enhancement of a building integrated photovoltaic/thermal system coupled with an air source heat pump

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Air Heater ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
The Hours

Enhancements of a building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system intended for coupling with an air source multispeed heat pump (MSHP) is presented. The systems were analyzed using a modified version of EnergyPlus, a quasi-steady state building energy simulation program. A sensitivity analysis of the internal channel surface and cover emissivity parameters of the Opaque BIPV/T, transparent BIPV/T, and building integrated solar air heater collectors (BISAH) was conducted. In addition, collector arrangement analyses were performed. A BIPV/T- BISAH array design was selected based on the results of the analyses and evaluated using a net-zero energy house and an energy efficient house. The integrated BIPV/T-BISAH coupled ASHP system reduced space heating electricity consumption of the net-zero house by 6.5% and the energy efficient house by 3.4%. These low levels of savings were largely due to the passive design of the houses that reduced heating loads during sunny hours; this resulted in a mismatch between the hours when the integrated system could provide energy savings and the need for space heating.

Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Solar Air Heater Assisted by a Dehumidification System for an Agriculture Greenhouse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Almehmadi ◽  
Kevin Hallinan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Solar Air Heater ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Air Heater ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Appropriate greenhouse microclimate control is essential for optimizing plant growth and food production. But, maintenance of a greenhouse microclimate generally requires an excessive amount of energy. According to a report published by Scott Sanford [1], the energy cost for greenhouses is considered the third highest annual cost, behind labor and plant materials. At northern latitudes, heating is the primary energy requirement needed in an agriculture greenhouse, comprising 70 to 80% of a typical greenhouse energy consumption [1]. A reduction of heating energy is necessary to ensure the economic viability of a greenhouse. This research investigates the potential energy savings associated with integrating a solar air heater assisted with a desiccant wheel in an agriculture greenhouse. This study has two main thrusts. The first is to demonstrate the energy effectiveness a solar air heater with a dehumidification system to maintain the internal climate. The second thrust is to develop a multi-linear regression model that can be used to predict the hourly heating requirement. Thereafter, the developed regression model can be used to conduct a parametric analysis to investigate the impact of changing greenhouse parameters on the total heating requirements. A case study has been considered for a greenhouse that is 30 m long and 24 m wide. The climate condition of the city of Dayton, OH was selected for this case. The predicted performance of the integrated system is compared with two other heating systems: electric and gas furnaces. The study reveals that heating energy savings in the proposed system is 51% and 30% when compared with the electric and gas furnaces, respectively. Aside from heating energy savings, the proposed system can be efficiently used to control indoor humidity in a way that ensures better crop yield.

Scroll Compressors for Heat Pumps: Application to Space Heating in New and Existing Residential Buildings

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Ka¨mmer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Residential Space ◽  
Wide Operating

Heat pumps for residential space heating has become an increasingly important alternative to the conventional European heating systems like gas or oil burners. They offer the opportunity to reduce CO2 emission associated with heating residential homes in central and northern Europe as well as energy savings. The operational parameters for compressors in heat pumps are derived from different heat pump configurations. High compressor efficiency and a wide operating map is required so that an economically viable heat pump is achieved which meets the required operational conditions. The modifications to the basic refrigeration scroll compressor design are demonstrated. These dedicated compressor designs make it possible to achieve the required high condensing temperatures. A performance comparison with the standard compressor designs is presented and the available product range for the design of heat pump systems is shown.

Wind energy and the historic environment: A business-driven symbiosis approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110148
Author(s):  
George A Xydis ◽  
Katerina Kremastioti ◽  
Maria Panagiotidou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Optimum Energy

The present study discusses alternative ways of achieving optimum energy efficiency for historic buildings in areas where sustainable energy projects are planned. About 25% of Europe’s building stock was constructed before the mid-20th century and despite EU’s strenuous efforts for the protection and conservation of historic buildings and complexes, achieving energy efficiency with the minimum or preferably no intervention remains as a requirement. The settlement of Monemvasia, has been selected as our case study. A model building was chosen, its special characteristics are presented, and four solutions to the energy efficiency upgrade of the building were tested: (a) the application of internal insulation, (b) a heat pump installation, (c) the application of roof insulation, and (d) the replacement of the internal doorframes. The four scenarios were simulated via the TEE-KENAK software and the percentage of the annual energy saved through the application of each one of the mentioned measures was estimated. The results proved that installing a heat pump and internal insulation would maximise energy savings. Coupling the energy demand of the settlement in correlation with a wind energy project in the wider area, and the available curtailment was explored. The results showed that if 300 houses decide on acquiring their electricity consumption from the local wind independent power producer, at a price of EUR 35/MWh, the possible profit from the market could reach EUR100,000 per year. Such a business-driven concept could be extrapolated and evolve into a holistic wind energy and historic environment symbiosis setting.

scholarly journals Modern technologies of equipping of animal husbandry rooms

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (92) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
R. M. Myniv
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Electricity Costs ◽  
Modern Technologies

Modern technologies for the construction of livestock rooms, inexpensive foundations, short construction time, low material capacity of the building, the possibility of using a leasing payment scheme are factors that will minimize construction costs. At much lower initial cost, frame and awning livestock rooms pay off much faster than capital buildings, with the construction of livestock rooms cost 3–5 times cheaper. The standard hangar designs are versatile and versatile. The form determines the amount of working space inside the hangar, depending on the purpose of the operation. Width standard up to 30 m. Length – proportional, step between arches 3 m. They are tent, arched and straight. Frame and awning hangars up to 1500 square meters, m. are considered to be high-speed mobile structures of temporary type. No permits are required for their construction. There is no need for the construction of the foundation, the involvement of large machinery. Despite the “temporary type”, metal construction is reliable. Construction is carried out according to the developed design standards – SP 384.1325800.2018. If necessary, the awning membrane can be easily and quickly repaired or replaced with a new one after 10–15 years. The most effective way to insulate a hangar today is to insulate it by spraying polyurethane foam. Depending on the technological scheme of installation of equipment of livestock premises, the required number, size and location of the farm gate is determined. The ends of the livestock premises are equipped with swing gates for the entry of transport, distributing feed to the feeding table, the gates can be awning or metal, sectional, recoil or swing. At the request of the customer can be designed passages for pushing. In order to reduce electricity consumption for heating purposes and to save money on electricity, we propose to equip the heating system of frame and awning hangars with another source of heat supply – a heat pump. To reduce electricity costs for heating radiators, it is necessary to install thermostatic valves at the rate of one valve per radiator. The electric power of the heat pump with a minimum conversion factor (KP) will be 12.5 kW. Electricity costs for circulation of such volume of a brine at resistance of 8 m make about 0,5 kW. Energy savings when using a heat pump in monetary terms at an electricity tariff of 193.28 kopecks. without VAT for 1 kW. year will be 59976 × 193.28 = 115.922 thousand UAH without VAT.

scholarly journals Combined building integrated photovoltaic-thermal collector with air source heat pump for cold climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghad Sabah Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
In Series ◽  
T System

A TRNSYS model was developed to conduct a comprehensive study of combining a building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPV/T) collector with an air source heat pump (ASHP) in an Archetype Sustainable House. The heat pump uses the warm air generated in the BIPV/T as the source for heat production. The coupling of BIPV/T and ASHP enables a highly efficient heating system in winter conditions. A numerical model was developed for an air-based PV/T collector. The model was used to predict the thermal and electrical performance of the collector and to conduct a comprehensive analysis for different configurations (number of PV/T panels in rows NR and in series NS) and different design parameters. TRNSYS simulation results showed that low air mass flow rate and low duct depth enhance the heat pump coefficient of performance (COP). The arrangement with a large number of PV/T systems connected in series has higher COP. The maximum obtained seasonal heating COP was 3.45, corresponding to duct depth of 1.5 in, NS=5 and low row mass flow rate of 0.03 kg/s. The heat pump cumulative electricity consumption for a typical heating season could be reduced by 20.2%. When the analysis was based only on sunny hours, the electricity consumption of the combined ASHP + PV/T system was reduced by 52% and the predicted seasonal COP of the heat pump was 5.98. A new full-scale test facility was presented to be implemented at Toronto and Region Conservation Authority to examine the performance of combining passive system and dynamic building envelope technologies (BIPV/T+ASHP+TES) under real weather conditions. It is important to match the maximum airflow for the BIPV/T system with the maximum airflow for the outdoor coil of the heat pump. The pressure drop inside the PV/T collector along with the connecting air duct from the BIPV/T to ASHP for a wide range of airflow rates and different duct depths was calculated. It was found that for air a flow rate around 2000 CFM, which is the maximum CFM for the custom-made ASHP for the test facility, the predicted fan energy was 195 kWh/year corresponding to 1.5 in. duct depth.

scholarly journals The Use of Ground Source Heat Pump to Achieve a Net Zero Energy Building

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana D’Agostino ◽  
Luigi Mele ◽  
Francesco Minichiello ◽  
Carlo Renno
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Net Zero Energy Building ◽  
Net Zero

Currently, ground source heat pump (GSHP) technology is being studied, as the use of the ground as a source of renewable energy allows significant energy savings to be obtained. Therefore, it is useful to quantify how these savings help to achieve the energy balance of a Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) compared to an air source heat pump or a condensing boiler coupled to a chiller. This paper assesses how these savings affect the number of photovoltaic panels installed on the roof of a building to obtain the NZEB target. The study is conducted by dynamic simulation for a building used as a bed and breakfast, virtually placed in two Italian towns. The energy savings and reduction of CO2 emissions, the percentage of renewable energy used, and the photovoltaic surface needed are assessed. Finally, the discounted payback period is calculated. The results show that the GSHP, unlike the systems to which it is compared, allows an NZEB to be obtained by balancing yearly energy consumption with energy production systems which only use on-site renewable energy sources (by exploiting the surface available on the roof) for both of the climatic conditions considered. GSHP also allows primary energy requests equal to or less than 57 kWh/m2 to be obtained.

scholarly journals Residential retrofit in the UK: The optimum retrofit measures necessary for effective heat pump use

2020 ◽  
pp. 014362442097570
Author(s):  
Joseph Lingard
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Solid Wall ◽  
Building Regulations ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Effective Heat ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Electrical Demand

The Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy and the Committee on Climate Change place high dependency on the electrification of heat and use of heat pump systems to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Energy efficient buildings are essential for effective heat pump operation. However, the UK’s housing stock is amongst the least energy efficient in Europe. Household electricity demand will increase with heat pump use, meaning reinforcement to infrastructure and generation capacity. This study uses dynamic simulation modelling to determine the optimum energy efficient retrofit required to minimise energy use and electrical demand for an average semi-detached dwelling using a heat pump. Solid wall insulation is found to be critical in energy abatement, although the heat pump operates at a high demand compared with low voltage network design. A whole house retrofit in-line with current Building Regulations reduces the heating demand and emissions by 65%, and lowers the input electrical demand for the heat pump to under 1 kW. Solid wall insulation and low U-value glazing are the cost-optimal solution, achieving similar abatement. Measures that exceed building regulations are shown to lower heat demand and carbon emissions by almost 80%, highlighting scope for improvement in retrofit standards. Practical application At present, UK policy makers have a preferred alternative to high carbon fossil fuels that is a system heavily reliant on heat pumps powered by low carbon electricity. Heat pump systems require energy efficient buildings to operate effectively. A key factor when improving building efficiency is fabric standards, which can dramatically impact the heat transfer coefficient. Retrofit of energy efficiency measures is key to future net zero success and will have large implications to consumers and supply chains alike.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Approaches by Retrofitting Heat Pumps Water Heating System for a University Dormitory

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Fujen Wang ◽  
Kusnandar ◽  
Hungwen Lin ◽  
Minghua Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System

With the cost of energy rising, the value of conservation grows. Interest in energy efficiency could be a sound investment or a necessary public policy. Heat pump systems provide economical alternatives of recovering heat from different sources for use in various applications. The objective of this study is to present the strategic approach on the energy efficient analysis of the water heating system retrofitted by applying a heat pump system in the dormitory of a university. Energy savings were determined by comparing field measurements of water consumption, water temperature and power consumption of the overall system before (electric resistance heating system) and after (heat pump heating system) the implementation of this project. Furthermore, the building energy simulation code (eQuest) has been applied to verify and predict the long-term energy consumption for both water heating systems. The results from energy modelling revealed the good agreement for energy simulation and field measurement data and the improvement of energy efficiency and energy savings could be achieved satisfactorily by retrofitting of a heat pump system. The energy conversion efficiency of hot water for energy consumption at 0.63 (Mcal/Mcal) could be achieved after the application of heat pump water heating system. It also presented the annual saving about USD 20,000 (NTD 600,000) for the dorm by using a heat pump heating system under the electrical billing rate of Taiwan.

scholarly journals Measuring aggregate electricity savings from the diffusion of more efficient lighting technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Moral-Carcedo ◽  
Julián Pérez-García
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Policy Measure ◽  
Halogen Light ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIncreasing concerns about sustainability and energy conservation, coupled with the proliferation of incentives in the EU to achieve energy savings, suggest that significant improvements in energy efficiency should be realized. A policy measure that should have a direct impact on energy savings is the replacement of incandescent and halogen light bulbs by more efficient lighting technologies, which was implemented in 2009. Due to the lack of detailed data, it is not feasible to measure the effect of energy-efficient improvements on electricity consumption at the aggregate level using a bottom-up approach. To overcome this limitation, this paper analyzes hourly electricity demand in a very specific period of the day: the transition from day to night. In this short period, it is plausible that lighting is the main driver of changes in electricity demand, thus making it possible to estimate the increase in electricity consumption when lights are switched on and to analyze the effects of higher energy efficiency in lighting, if any. The results of the analysis for Spain show that during the periods 2009–2011 and 2015–2016, an estimated energy savings of 251 GWh can be attributed to a reduction in the magnitude of the lighting effect, which accounts for 20.3% of the observed decrease in electricity consumption during these two periods.

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