scholarly journals Production of Green Biocellulose Nanofibers Through Utilizing Agricultural Wastes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahib Al-Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation ◽  
Acidic Pretreatment ◽  
Shake Flasks ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions

In the present study, the green Biocellulose Nanofibers (BC), a vitally emerging biomaterial, was produced by fermentation of wheat straw (WS), as a widely available agricultural waste, using. Two different fermentation methods were used; Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF), and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF). Different acidic and enzymatic WS pretreatment conditions were used to understand the effect of pretreatment conditions on BC production. Afterward, sugar hydrolsates were simultaneously or separately inoculated with Gluconacetobacter Xylinum bacterium (i.e., for SSF and SHF, respectively), at optimum production conditions in shake flasks for 7 days to produce the biocellulose nanofibers. BC productions of 9.7 g/L in SHF and 10.8 g/L in SSF were achieved when WS was pretreated with dilute acids. Enzymatic treatment of WS after acidic pretreatment increased sugars’ concentrations from the hydrolysis, which increased BC production in SHF to 10.6 g/L. However, enzymes in SSF broke cellulose I alpha linkage in BC and decreased its production compared to no enzymatic treatment. Results show that glucose extracted from WS (~55% of total sugars) was found essential for the cellular metabolism, while xylose (~28% of total sugars) was highly consumed during cells growth phase. Generally, increasing thermal treatment, time and temperature, resulted in increasing furfural concentration. This observed to inhibits bacterial cells growth and leads to lower nanofibers yield when exists at concentration higher than 1 g/L threshold. In general, results obtained in the present study demonstrate the ability of utilizing agricultural wastes in the fermentation production of BC. Such a step is expected to eliminate cost of expensive pure sugars as a carbon source in the fermentation. Also the study shows an improved production yield by using effective fermentation techniques as SSF compared to classical methods used in literature.

scholarly journals Production of Green Biocellulose Nanofibers Through Utilizing Agricultural Wastes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahib Al-Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation ◽  
Acidic Pretreatment ◽  
Shake Flasks ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions

In the present study, the green Biocellulose Nanofibers (BC), a vitally emerging biomaterial, was produced by fermentation of wheat straw (WS), as a widely available agricultural waste, using. Two different fermentation methods were used; Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF), and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF). Different acidic and enzymatic WS pretreatment conditions were used to understand the effect of pretreatment conditions on BC production. Afterward, sugar hydrolsates were simultaneously or separately inoculated with Gluconacetobacter Xylinum bacterium (i.e., for SSF and SHF, respectively), at optimum production conditions in shake flasks for 7 days to produce the biocellulose nanofibers. BC productions of 9.7 g/L in SHF and 10.8 g/L in SSF were achieved when WS was pretreated with dilute acids. Enzymatic treatment of WS after acidic pretreatment increased sugars’ concentrations from the hydrolysis, which increased BC production in SHF to 10.6 g/L. However, enzymes in SSF broke cellulose I alpha linkage in BC and decreased its production compared to no enzymatic treatment. Results show that glucose extracted from WS (~55% of total sugars) was found essential for the cellular metabolism, while xylose (~28% of total sugars) was highly consumed during cells growth phase. Generally, increasing thermal treatment, time and temperature, resulted in increasing furfural concentration. This observed to inhibits bacterial cells growth and leads to lower nanofibers yield when exists at concentration higher than 1 g/L threshold. In general, results obtained in the present study demonstrate the ability of utilizing agricultural wastes in the fermentation production of BC. Such a step is expected to eliminate cost of expensive pure sugars as a carbon source in the fermentation. Also the study shows an improved production yield by using effective fermentation techniques as SSF compared to classical methods used in literature.

Mild enzymatic treatment of bleached pulp for tissue production

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 4221-4236
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kmiotek ◽  
Katarzyna Dybka-Stępień ◽  
Anna Karmazyn
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Bleached Pulp ◽  
Tissue Production

Effects of cellulase enzymatic treatment followed by mechanical beating were evaluated relative to the properties of cellulase-derived tissue pulps and handsheets. When different cellulase concentrations (0.0012 FPU/g, 0.0018 FPU/g, and 0.0024 FPU/g) of oven dried pulp (a 65/35 w/w ratio of beech to eucalyptus) were used for tissue production, a slight deterioration of the morphological characteristics was observed. Thus, a possibility of controlling the changes in the degree of polymerization of cellulose, as well as the fiber properties (in particular the length and coarseness) appeared. With an increased treatment time and enzyme concentration, these effects increased. The enzyme activity did not affect the apparent density of the paper, but the porosity drastically increased. The zero-span strength of the enzymatically treated pulps decreased with an increase in treatment time and amount of cellulase. However, mechanical beating improved the bonding between the cellulase fibers, which helped prevent the eventual decrease in mechanical properties of the handsheets. With the use of cellulase, the proposed moderate changes to fiber structure were achieved, giving the possibility of predicting and controlling the properties of tissue paper.

scholarly journals Bacterial Cell Inactivation Using a Single-Frequency Batch-Type Ultrasound Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Poetro Sambegoro ◽  
Maya Fitriyanti ◽  
Bentang Arief Budiman ◽  
Kamarisima Kamarisima ◽  
Sekar Wangi Arraudah Baliwangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Cell Inactivation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commercial System ◽  
Ultrasound Device ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

Ultrasound technology employs cavitation to generate high-pressure soundwaves to disrupt bacterial cells. This study reveals the effectiveness of a single frequency ultrasound device for bacterial cell inactivation. A low-cost ultrasound device having a single frequency, i.e. 22 kHz for lab-scale application, was developed first, and the prototype was mechanically designed and analyzed using the finite-element method to assure the targeted natural frequency could be achieved. The prototype was then tested inactivating bacterial cells, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), in a simple medium and a food system, and the results were then compared to a commercial system. A treatment time of up to 15 minutes was able to reduce E. coli and B. subtilis cells by 3.3 log and 2.8 log, respectively, and these results were similar to those of the commercial system. The effectiveness of bacterial cell inactivation using the developed single-frequency ultrasound device is then discussed. The findings are useful for designing low-cost ultrasound devices for application in the food industry.

Reducing Sugar Production from Agricultural Wastes by Acid Hydrolysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Achara Kleawkla ◽  
Pannarai Chuenkruth
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Sugar is very important raw material of many industries such as food, beverage and renewable energy. In this research, pretreatment and hydrolysis of agricultural wastes to produce reducing sugars for an ethanol production were investigated. The rice stalk and corn stover from agricultural wastes were firstly pretreated with sodium hydroxide at 121 °C in different time as 20 30 and 40 minutes for removal of lignin. After that, the condition of hydrolysis using sulfuric acid of the pretreated rice stalk and corn stover was optimized. The optimum condition that obtained the highest reducing sugar content from rice stalk and corn stover of 76.12 and 136.25 mg/ml were using 1.0 % v/v sulfuric acid at temperature of 121 °C for a hydrolysis time of 40 minutes. This research made value adding in the industrial processing, decrease environmental problem and reduce global warming crisis by optimized utilization of agricultural waste.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of agricultural wastes in soil stabilization.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Deborah Dauda ◽  
Manju Dominic
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
The Cost

Many ways have been sought to improve soils, especially expansive soils which have been problematic to structures and pavements built over them and soil stabilization seems to be one of the effective ways. But soil stabilization in itself is not cost-effective hence the introduction of agricultural wastes being researched on and seen as a cheaper means to be used as stabilizing agents which helps in minimizing the cost of soil stabilization, thereby reducing the problem of waste disposal. Agricultural wastes like Rice Husk Ash, Bagasse Ash, Sugarcane Straw Ash, Saw Dust Ash, Coconut Husk Ash, Millet Husk Ash, Corn Cob Ash, Locust Bean Pod Ash, Cassava Peel Ash and Bamboo Leaf Ash have been experimented with in stabilizing soils and as well, serving as supplementary cementitious materials for cement in concrete production. The strengths of the soils and the concrete stabilized with these wastes were seen to improve significantly and their effectiveness was estimated based on an average optimum value. Agricultural waste processing Industries can be set up to help in the massive production of these natural stabilizers which would lessen the cost of soil stabilization using cement and chemicals and also generally reduce problems that are associated with waste disposal, helping in waste management.  Keywords—expansive soils, soil stabilization, agricultural wastes

scholarly journals Applying Geospatial Technology in Estimating Agricultural Wastes Carrying Capacity in Grobogan Regency, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
A. Prasetyo ◽  
B. Heryanto
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Capacity Data

Abstract This study aimed to estimate using geospatial the feed carrying capacity of agricultural wastes, especially in Grobogan Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The method that has been used in this study is the descriptive analysis which is sourced from secondary data from Grobogan Regency. Analysis of agricultural waste production includes rice straw, corn and soybeans converted into dry matter feed. Geospatial analysis using ArcGis 10.3 software to extract feed carrying capacity data in the form of maps. The result showed that dry matter agricultural wastes 405528.81 (tons/year), The capacity of beef cattle was 924606 (animal units) and the ability to add beef cattle was 791036 (animal units). The conclusion of the study that Grobogan Regency has to carrying capacity indexes were at safe levels.

scholarly journals Macadamia Nutshell Biochar for Nitrate Removal: Effect of Biochar Preparation and Process Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salam Bakly ◽  
Raed A. Al-Juboori ◽  
Les Bowtell
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
23 Factorial Design ◽  
Removal Capacity

Agricultural runoff is a major cause of degradation to freshwater sources. Nitrate is of particular interest, due to the abundant use of nitrogen-based fertilizers in agricultural practices globally. This study investigated the nitrate removal of biochar produced from an agricultural waste product, macadamia nutshell (MBC). Kinetic experiments and structural analyses showed that MBC pyrolsed at 900 °C exhibited inferior NO3− removal compared to that pyrolsed at 1000 °C, which was subsequently used in the column experiments. Concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 mg/L, with flowrates of 2, 5 and 10 mL/min, were examined over a 360 min treatment time. Detailed statistical analyses were applied using 23 factorial design. Nitrate removal was significantly affected by flowrate, concentration and their interactions. The highest nitrate removal capacity of 0.11 mg/g MBC was achieved at a NO3− concentration of 15 mg/L and flowrate of 2 mL/min. The more crystalline structure and rough texture of MBC prepared at 1000 °C resulted in higher NO3− removal compared to MBC prepared at 900 °C. The operating parameters with the highest NO3− removal were used to study the removal capacity of the column. Breakthrough and exhaustion times of the column were 25 and 330 min respectively. Approximately 92% of the column bed was saturated after exhaustion.

Acid-mechanical, alkaline and enzymatic treatment of agricultural wastes to obtain substrate for microbiological conversion

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Katkevich ◽  
R. H. Katkevich ◽  
U. E. Viesturs ◽  
A. K. Sakse ◽  
M. P. Leite
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment

scholarly journals Removal and Recovery of Phosphate from Water and Wastewater Using Metal-Loaded Agricultural Waste-Based Adsorbents: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megh Raj Pokhrel ◽  
Bhoj Raj Poudel ◽  
Ram Lochan Aryal ◽  
Hari Paudyal ◽  
Kedar Nath Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Phosphate Desorption

There is a growing research interest in the development of adsorbents based on agricultural wastes (AWs) for the removal of phosphate from waste water sources, which otherwise can cause eutrophication. Nevertheless, due to the lack of active exposed surface sites, raw AWs-based adsorbents are usually inefficient for the adsorption of phosphate from aquatic environment. Consequently, modification of raw adsorbents has been frequently used to improve their phosphate adsorption capacity. Of the various methods of modification, this review paper focused on most widely used chemical modification method. It presents a critical and comprehensive review of the literature on the effectiveness of metal-loaded agricultural wastes (MLAWs)-based adsorbents in removing and recovering of phosphate from waste waters. Mechanisms and factors affecting phosphate adsorption as well as phosphate desorption and regeneration from MLAW adsorbents are critically evaluates. If phosphate from waste waters can be of economical value, regeneration may partly overcome the future shortage of global phosphate rock reserves. It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that MLAWs-based adsorbents exhibited as potential adsorbent for the removal/recovery of phosphate from waste waters. However, there still needs a refined practical utility of these adsorbents on a commercial scale, which may serve as the novel, cost effective and environmentally benign methods of modification.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R (RBV-5R) and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) from Aqueous Solution by Using Agriculture Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Hong Jian Lai
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Remazol Brilliant Blue R ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R

The ability of agricultural waste materials to remove synthetic dyes such as Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R (RBV-5R) and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) from aqueous solutions was investigated. Dyes are a major source of water contamination that not only cause significant damage to water bodies but also have a negative effect on human health due to their high toxicity and carcinogenic nature. Agricultural wastes are renewable adsorbents because they are readily available and inexpensive, and they can also be used instead of conventional activated carbon. As a result, the removal of RBV-5R and RBBR from dye solutions by adsorption onto treated adsorbent was investigated in this review. The two best adsorbents out of ten were selected via a screening process with RBBR as the test dye. The key adsorbents in this analysis were coconut shells and mango seeds, which had the highest removal rate as compared to others. The experiment was continued with the chosen adsorbent to see how different initial dye concentrations, adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, and particle size affected dye adsorption. The results show that different parameters have different effects on the removal rate and adsorption potential of the adsorbent. The adsorption of dye from aqueous solution onto adsorbent was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the functional groups of the adsorbent before and after the adsorption operation, and it was discovered that the functional group affected the effectiveness or removal rate as well as the adsorption capability of adsorbents. According to the findings, 5 gram mango seeds can extract 85.54 percent of RBV-5R with adsorption power of 1.26 mg/g. For 21 hours, coconut shells removed 74.39 percent of RBBR with an adsorption capacity of 8.01 mg/g. The findings indicated that these agricultural wastes could be useful as an alternative adsorbent for removing dye from aqueous solutions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document