scholarly journals Environmental Load Evaluation of Nipigon River Bridge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hrnjak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Load Combination ◽  
Temperature Load ◽  
If Current ◽  
Load Evaluation

If current climate trends continue, climate change will be inevitable and designing infrastructure which can withstand changing environmental loads will be a concern. Furthermore, current infrastructure will be affected and may require retrofitting or rehabilitation in order to meet safety and code requirements. The scope of this report is to determine the effect of increased environmental load factor coefficients on Nipigon River Bridge. An FEA model was created and the results from the model show that the bridge is sensitive to changes in environmental loads, particularly those of wind and temperature. An increase of 10% in wind and temperature load coefficients was enough to change the governing load combination and surpass the estimated moment capacities.

scholarly journals Environmental Load Evaluation of Nipigon River Bridge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hrnjak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Load Combination ◽  
Temperature Load ◽  
If Current ◽  
Load Evaluation

If current climate trends continue, climate change will be inevitable and designing infrastructure which can withstand changing environmental loads will be a concern. Furthermore, current infrastructure will be affected and may require retrofitting or rehabilitation in order to meet safety and code requirements. The scope of this report is to determine the effect of increased environmental load factor coefficients on Nipigon River Bridge. An FEA model was created and the results from the model show that the bridge is sensitive to changes in environmental loads, particularly those of wind and temperature. An increase of 10% in wind and temperature load coefficients was enough to change the governing load combination and surpass the estimated moment capacities.

Environmental Load Factors for Offshore Structures

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
H. P. Hong ◽  
M. A. Nessim ◽  
I. J. Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Load Effect ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Environmental Process ◽  
The Impact

An analysis of the impact of model uncertainties on the design factors for environmental loads on offshore structures was carried out. Considering uncertainties in environmental processes, the load effect models and the member resistance, an approach was developed that gives explicit consideration to model uncertainty in codified design. For frequent environmental load effects, a two-factor approach was developed that defines the overall load factor as the product of two components: a basic factor accounting for uncertainty in the environmental process and a separate factor accounting for model uncertainty. The overall load factor is to be applied to the specified load, which is defined as the load corresponding to the environmental process value associated with a specified return period. This load can be calculated from the environmental process without considering model uncertainty. The model uncertainty factor was defined as a linear function of the mean and the standard deviation of the model uncertainty parameter. It can be estimated based on a specific model and reliability analysis. This two-factor approach has two advantages: (a) it allows for reductions in the load factor if conservative or more accurate models are used; and (b) it eliminates the need for the designer to consider model uncertainty in estimating the specified load. The approach was used to develop a set of load factors for environmental loads on offshore structures. These factors were calibrated to produce reliability levels consistent with those implied by the load factors in CSA-S471.

scholarly journals Advances in Egyptian Mediterranean Coast Climate Change Monitoring

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1870
Author(s):  
Matteo Gentilucci ◽  
Abdelraouf A. Moustafa ◽  
Fagr Kh. Abdel-Gawad ◽  
Samira R. Mansour ◽  
Maria Rosaria Coppola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Lessepsian Species

This paper characterizes non-indigenous fish species (NIS) and analyses both atmospheric and sea surface temperatures for the Mediterranean coast of Egypt from 1991 to 2020, in relation to previous reports in the same areas. Taxonomical characterization depicts 47 NIS from the Suez Canal (Lessepsian/alien) and 5 from the Atlantic provenance. GenBank accession number of the NIS mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase 1, reproductive and commercial biodata, and a schematic Inkscape drawing for the most harmful Lessepsian species were reported. For sea surface temperatures (SST), an increase of 1.2 °C to 1.6 °C was observed using GIS software. The lack of linear correlation between annual air temperature and annual SST at the same detection points (Pearson r) could suggest a difference in submarine currents, whereas the Pettitt homogeneity test highlights a temperature breakpoint in 2005–2006 that may have favoured the settlement of non-indigenous fauna in the coastal sites of Damiette, El Arish, El Hammam, Alexandria, El Alamain, and Mersa Matruh, while there seems to be a breakpoint present in 2001 for El Sallum. This assessment of climate trends is in good agreement with the previous sightings of non-native fish species. New insights into the assessment of Egyptian coastal climate change are discussed.

scholarly journals Environmental Load Evaluation of Variety of Medium Capacity Passenger Transport Systems Applying LCA

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro OSADA ◽  
Yukiko WATANABE ◽  
Naoki SHIBAHARA ◽  
Hirokazu KATO
Keyword(s):  
Transport Systems ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Load Evaluation

scholarly journals Peculiarly pleasant weather for US maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (47) ◽  
pp. 11935-11940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan E. Butler ◽  
Nathaniel D. Mueller ◽  
Peter Huybers
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
World Population ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Yield Trends ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temperature Responses

Continuation of historical trends in crop yield are critical to meeting the demands of a growing and more affluent world population. Climate change may compromise our ability to meet these demands, but estimates vary widely, highlighting the importance of understanding historical interactions between yield and climate trends. The relationship between temperature and yield is nuanced, involving differential yield outcomes to warm (9−29 °C) and hot (>29 °C) temperatures and differing sensitivity across growth phases. Here, we use a crop model that resolves temperature responses according to magnitude and growth phase to show that US maize has benefited from weather shifts since 1981. Improvements are related to lengthening of the growing season and cooling of the hottest temperatures. Furthermore, current farmer cropping schedules are more beneficial in the climate of the last decade than they would have been in earlier decades, indicating statistically significant adaptation to a changing climate of 13 kg·ha−1· decade−1. All together, the better weather experienced by US maize accounts for 28% of the yield trends since 1981. Sustaining positive trends in yield depends on whether improvements in agricultural climate continue and the degree to which farmers adapt to future climates.

scholarly journals Influência de Mudanças Climáticas no Balanço Hídrico da Amazônia Ocidental (Influence of Climate Change on Water Budget of Western Amazonia)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailton Marcolino Liberato ◽  
José Ivaldo B. De Brito
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar possíveis alterações em componentes do balanço hídrico climático, associadas a diferentes cenários (A2 e B2) das mudanças climáticas do IPCC, para a Amazônia Ocidental (Acre, Amazonas, Rondônia e Roraima). Os dados climatológicos de temperatura do ar e totais de precipitação pluvial usados como referência neste estudo, são oriundos do INMET (1961-2005), da CEPLAC (1983-1999) e da reanálise do NCEP/NCAR (1983-1995). O método utilizado na elaboração do balanço hídrico é o de Thornthwaite e Mather (1957) modificado por Krishan (1980). Os resultados das projeções mostram tendência de clima mais seco, diminuição na umidade do solo, redução na vazão dos rios, aumento no risco de incêndio e diminuição no escoamento superficial e sub-superficial para a Amazônia Ocidental até 2100.Palavras-chave: cenários, índices climáticos, Amazônia. Influence of Climate Change on Water Budget of Western Amazonia ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study was investigate possible alterations in the climatic water budget components associated with different scenarios (A2 and B2) of the IPCC to Amazonian Western (Acre, Amazonas, Rondônia and Roraima). The climatological data of air temperature and precipitation from the INMET (1961-2005), CEPLAC (1983-1999) and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (1983-1995) were used in the present study. The Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) method was used in the elaboration of the climatic water budget modified by Krishan (1980). The results of the projections show drier climate trends and decrease of the soil moisture, reduction in the rivers discharge, increase in the fire risk and decrease in the runoff for the Amazonian Western up to 2100. Keywords: scenarios, climate index, Amazonian.

scholarly journals More Timber in Construction: Unanswered Questions and Future Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Hart ◽  
Francesco Pomponi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Land Allocation ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Environmental Product Declarations ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Life Options ◽  
Lower Carbon

The built environment is one of the greatest contributors to carbon emissions, climate change, and to the unsustainable pressure on the natural environment and its ecosystems. The use of more timber in construction is one possible response, and an authoritative contribution to this growing movement comes from the UK’s Committee on Climate Change, which identifies a “substantial increase in the use of wood in the construction of buildings” as a top priority. However, a global encouragement of such a strategy raises some difficult questions. Given the urgency of effective solutions for low-carbon built environments, and the likely continued growth in demand for timber in construction, this article reviews its sustainability and identifies future challenges and unanswered questions. Existing evidence points indeed towards timber as the lower carbon option when modelled through life cycle assessment without having to draw on arguments around carbon storage. Issues however remain on the timing of carbon emissions, land allocation, and the environmental loads and benefits associated with the end-of-life options: analysis of environmental product declarations for engineered timber suggests that landfill might either be the best or the worst option from a climate change perspective, depending on assumptions.

scholarly journals Climate resilience in the United Kingdom wine production sector: CREWS-UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
A. Nesbitt ◽  
S. Dorling ◽  
R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
South Central ◽  
Grape Quality

As cool climate viticulture rapidly expands, the England and Wales wine sector is winning international acclaim, particularly for its sparkling wines, and is attracting significant investment. Supported by warming climate trends during the growing season, wine producers are establishing new vineyards planted predominantly with Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. Grape-friendly weather conditions in 2018 led to a record harvest and may be a sign of good things to come. Long term (100-years) Growing Season Average Temperatures (GSTs) in south-east and south-central England have noticeably increased with 6 of the top 10 warmest growing seasons (April–October), over the last 100 years, occurring since 2005. However, weather and growing season conditions fluctuate markedly from year to year, meaning that yields and grape quality continue to vary significantly. Weather extremes are anticipated to become more frequent under future climate change, further threatening the stability of production. Current uncertainty over future climatic conditions during the growing season and their potential effects on viticulture in the UK exposes both existing producers and potential investors to unquantified risks and opportunities. The CREWS-UK climate resilience research project is generating actionable information on how climate change may affect the wine production sector, to support better decision-making and investment.

Elimination of Heavy Metals from the Material of Sludge Bed Slovinky

2015 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Ľubica Kozáková ◽  
Miroslav Zeleňák ◽  
Tomáš Bakalár ◽  
Fridrich Zeleňák
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Metallurgical Factory ◽  
Ore Treatment

Old environmental loads are priority environmental problems in Slovakia. An old environmental load is an anthropogenic constituent in landscape which has its origin in past works (for example mining and mineral processing) but in present time it can also pose risk for the environment. One of environmental loads in Slovakia is sludge bed in Slovinky. Village Slovinky is well-known for mining activities during several centuries. From the beginning copper ore was mined there, later on iron ore which was processed in the metallurgical factory in Krompachy. The mining activity in Slovinky was stopped in 1993. Flotation slurry from ore treatment plant was deposited on the sludge bed which was operated from 1968 to 1999. More than 4.8 million cubic meters of slurry is deposited there. Locality of Slovinky is included in State Remediation Program of Environmental Loads (2010-2015). The paper summarizes the actual state of knowledge about environmental impact of mineral processing and theoretical analysis of problem of environmental impact of environmental load – sludge bed in Slovinky. Experimental part of the paper is focused on study of possibilities of elimination of heavy metals in sludge bed material with the aim of improvement of the environmental quality of surveyed locality.

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