Quantifying microstickies via a new agglomeration technique

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUXIA BEN ◽  
MICHELLE RICARD ◽  
GILLES DORRIS
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Proper Method ◽  
Pulp Sample

Despite the recognized importance of microstickies to the various deposition problems experienced in pulping, papermaking, and printing operations, there is still no consensus on a proper method to quantify them. One proposed method is to agglomerate microstickies in a pulp sample by long cold storage or by exposure to reduced pressure conditions followed by a classification step to isolate them from the pulp as macrostickies. In this paper, we tested this approach, but using a more effective agglomeration method to convert microstickies into macrostickies. We found that microstickies in mill samples could be agglomerated into macrostickies by boiling whole pulp suspension. The best agglomeration conditions occurred on 1% consistency pulp stirred at 250 rpm during heating, at a heating time of 45 min, with subsequent maintenance of boiling for 60 min followed by a cooling period of 3 h at room temperature. Polyacrylate type microstickies appeared to respond best to the boiling agglomeration method. To see how effective the boiling method was in agglomerating microstickies into macrostickies, a model pulp with a known quantity of model stickies was made. Using this model stickies suspension, the boiling method was proven to be very efficient for agglomerating microstickies into macrostickies by converting up to 70% of the microstickies into macrostickies. Photomicrographs clearly demonstrated that the macrostickies collected after boiling treatment were mainly formed by microstickies agglomeration.

6H- AND 4H-SiC(0001) Si SURFACE RICHNESS DOSING BY HYDROGEN ETCHING: A WAY TO REDUCE THE FORMATION TEMPERATURE OF RECONSTRUCTIONS

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DIANI ◽  
J. DIOURI ◽  
L. KUBLER ◽  
L. SIMON ◽  
D. AUBEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Etching ◽  
Chemical Surface

In 6H- or 4H-SiC(0001) surface technology, a Si-rich 3 × 3 reconstruction is usually first prepared by heating at 800°C under Si flux, and two other most stable [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] reconstructions are obtained by further extensive annealing at higher temperatures ranging between 900 and 1250°C. The 3 × 3 Si excess is thus progressively depleted up to a graphitized C-rich surface. By crystallographic (LEED) and chemical surface characterizations (XPS and UPS), we show that all these reconstructions can be obtained at a unique, low formation temperature of 800°C if the Si richness is controlled before annealing. This control is achieved by exposing the 3 × 3 surface to atomic hydrogen at room temperature. This procedure allows one to etch or partially deplete the (3 × 3)-associated Si excess, and make it more comparable to the final Si coverages, required to form the less Si-rich [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] reconstructions. After annealing at 800°C, the latter reconstructions are no longer determined by the heating time or temperature but only by the initial Si coverage set by the H doses inducing the low temperature etching. The high temperature treatment, required to remove by sublimation a significant Si amount associated with the Si-rich 3 × 3 reconstruction, is thus avoided. Such a methodology could be applied to other binary systems in the formation of reconstructions that depends on surface richness.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MATURITY STAGES ON QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF “SOLO” PAPAYA FRUITS DURING STORAGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-68
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Sensorial Evaluation ◽  
Stage 1

“Solo” papaya fruits were harvested in October, 2016 & 2017 seasons from a commercial orchard located in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Papaya fruits were harvested at three maturity stages: 25% yellow (stage 1), 50% yellow (stage 2) and 100% yellow (stage 3) and evaluated during storage at ambient temperature (20°C ± 2) for 4 days + at 80- 85% RH or during cold storage at 6°C + 90- 95% RH for 20 days. Papaya fruits softened very rapidly at room temperature after harvest and had 4 days shelf life. However, the fruit can be stored for 20 days at 6°C with little changes in firmness and the fruit apparently progressed in normal ripening upon removal to ambient temperature (20°C) for 3 days. All colour values (a*, L* and C*) were linearly increased during cold storage. Conversely, as a result of colour change from green to orange-red, h° values decreased. Soluble solids content was not affected during ripening at 20°C and remained steady. Fruit harvested at stage 2 and stored at 6°C for 20 days following 3 days at 20°C had superior score for sensorial evaluation.

scholarly journals Pre-harvest application of salicylic acid influence physicochemical and quality characteristics of ‘Chimarrita’ peaches during cold storage

2019 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Jakellinye Miranda ◽  
Suélen Braga de Andrade, Andressa Vighi Schiavon ◽  
Pedro Luis Panisson Kaltbach Lemos ◽  
Cláudia Simone Madruga Lima ◽  
Marcelo Barbosa Malgarim
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Cold Chamber

Peach is a climacteric highly-perishable fruit whose post-harvest preservation relies largely on cold storage. The combination of the last with other technologies allows to extend the shelf life of this product. One alternative is the utilization of salicylic acid, a natural compound involved in many physiological phenomena such as resistance against diseases and ripening. Considering these facts, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest application of salicylic acid solutions on the quality of ‘Chimarrita’ peaches during post-harvest cold storage. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Pelotas/RS, in the campus of Capão do Leão/RS - Brazil. The application of salicylic acid solutions was performed by direct pulverization on the fruits, 30 days prior to harvest. The concentrations were: 0,0 (control); 1,0; 1,5; and 2,0 mM. After harvest, the fruits were stored in a cold chamber at 1,0 ± 0,5°C and 85-90% RH, for 30 days. The analyses were performed at the following cold storage periods (plus 2 days at room temperature of 20°C to all treatments, in order to simulate commercialization conditions): 10 (+2) days; 20 (+2) days; e 30 (+2) days. The variables evaluated were: mass loss (%); flesh firmness (N); DA index; color (L, a*, b* and hue angle); wooliness incidence (%); rot incidence (%); total soluble solids (°Brix); pH; titrable acidity (% of organic acids); and ratio. The salicylic acid doses and/or the cold storage periods had significant effects on all the evaluated parameters. For most of the parameters analyzed, the intermediate dosis of 1mM (and also 1,5mM) of salicilic acid showed the most promising results. Therefore, the application of salicylic acid solutions 30 days prior to harvest is a technique which can be combined to cold storage in order to shift the quality and the shelf-life of ‘Chimarrita’ peaches.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill Fruits (cv. ‘Orito’) Stored at Different Conditions

Foods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Francisca Hernández ◽  
Lucía Andreu-Coll ◽  
Andreia Bento-Silva ◽  
Ana Teresa Serra ◽  
Pedro Mena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

This research analyzed the phytochemical profile of prickly pear fruits from ‘Orito’ cultivar stored under cold conditions (2 °C, 85–90% RH) and shelf-life conditions at room temperature (stored at 20 °C for three days after cold storage) for 28 days, mimicking the product life cycle. A total of 18 compounds were identified and quantitated through HPLC-DAD-MS/MS (High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic -Diode Array Detector- Mass Spectrometry) analyses. Phenolic acids such as eucomic acid and betalains such as indicaxanthin were the predominant chemical families, and piscidic acid was the most abundant compound. During cold storage, the content of eucomic acid isomer/derivative and syringaresinol increased, and citric acid decreased, which could be caused by the cold activation of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes. However, no significant differences were found in the content of these compounds during shelf-life storage. These results showed that ‘Orito’ fruit marketability would be possible up to 28 days after harvesting, retaining its profile, which is rich in bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Penyimpanan Spermatozoa Ayam Pada Suhu 5⁰C, 26⁰C Dengan Pengencer Infuse NaCl, Glukosa 5% dan 10%

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Asnawi Asnawi ◽  
Maskur Maskur ◽  
Adji Santoso Dradjat
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature Storage ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Temperature Storage

The purpose of this study were to compare the quality of spermatozoa stored at 26⁰C, 5⁰C using diluents of NaCl, 10% glucose and 5% glucose. The spermatozoa of a rooster was collected and divided into 6 parts, each 2 tubes diluted in a ratio of 1:1 using NaCl, Glucose5% and Glucose 10%, then each 3 tubes with different diluents were stored at 26⁰C and 5⁰C. Observations of motility, viability and abnormalities of spermatozoa were carried out half an hour, 1 hour after dilution, followed every 2 hours until the ninth hours. The results showed that spermatozoa stored for 9 hours at a temperature of 26⁰C with a physiological diluent of NaCl, 10% Glucose and 5% Glucose each were different (P, < 0.05) with motility 50 ± 0.0%, 42 ± 10.95. % and 34±8.94%, respectively. At storage temperature of 5⁰C for 9 hours, physiological NaCl, 10% glucose and 5% glucose were significantly different (P<0.05) with motility 58.00±10.95%, 46.00±8.94% and 38.00±, respectively. 10.95% in a row. The viability of spermatozoa at 26⁰C storage with 5% glucose diluent was better than 10% glucose and physiological NaCl (P<0.05), 58.93±1.27%, 42.93±1.48% and 33.43±1.27% , while the physiological NaCl diluent and 10% glucose were not significantly different (P>0.05). At 5⁰C storage the viability of spermatozoa in the three diluents was not significantly different, with values of Glucose 10%, Glucose 5% and physiological NaCl 52.57±5.15%, 52.21±5.02% and 48.14±8.09%, respectively. Spermatozoa abnormalities at storage temperature 26⁰C and 5⁰C for 9 hours using physiological NaCl diluent, 5% glucose and 10% glucose, were not significantly different and varied between 5 to 10%. Finally, it can be concluded that at room temperature storage less than 4 hours the quality of spermatozoa was better with 5% glucose diluent, while for cold storage beyond 4 hours the quality of spermatozoa with NaCl diluent was higher

Functional Group Manipulations

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jack Li ◽  
Chris Limberakis ◽  
Derek A. Pflum
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Aqueous Layer ◽  
G 34

CBr4–Ph3P is very straightforward and widely used. Workup and purification can be messy at times because of the by-product, Ph3PO. To a mixture of the alcohol (0.800 g, 3.36 mmol) and carbon tetrabromide (1.337 g, 4.03 mmol) in CH2Cl2 at 0 ºC was added a solution of PPh3 (1.319 g, 5.03 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by column chromatography to afford the bromide (0.941 g, 93% yield). Reference: Hu, T.-S.; Yu, Q.; Wu, Y.-L.; Wu, Y. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 853–861. A two-step sequence consisting of mesylate formation followed by treatment with LiBr can also be used. This procedure involves two steps, but workup and purification are very straightforward. The bromide can be carried out to the next step without further purification in many cases. To a solution of 5-hydroxymethyl-1-methylcyclopentene (3.8 g, 34 mmol) in CH2 Cl2 (50 mL) at 0 ºC was added triethylamine (5.2 mL, 37 mmol) followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (2.9 mL, 37 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 ºC for 5 h and then water was added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ether. The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give 6.4 g (98%) of (2-methylcyclopent-2- enyl)methyl methanesulfonate, which was used in the next step without further purification. A solution containing the mesylate (6.4 g, 34 mmol) in acetone (70 mL) was treated with lithium bromide (8.89 g, 102 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 6 h, cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, extracted with ether, and the combined ethereal extracts were dried over MgSO4. Removal of the solvent under reduced pressure gave 4.6 g (78%) of 5-bromomethyl-1-methylcyclopentene, which was used in the next step without further purification.

scholarly journals COLD TOLERANCE OF BANANA FRUITS OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO ALISON ALVES OLIVEIRA ◽  
LUIZ CARLOS CHAMHUM SALOMÃO ◽  
DALMO LOPES DE SIQUEIRA ◽  
PAULO ROBERTO CECON
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
C Storage

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of fruits of different banana cultivars to low temperature storages. Fruits of the cultivars Nanicão (AAA), Prata (AAB), Vitória (AAAB), Maçã (AAB) and Caipira (AAA) were used. Clusters of three fruits were kept in cold storage for 7, 14 and 21 days, with average temperature of 10.53±0.37°C and relative humidity of 85%. Subsequently, the clusters were transferred to temperatures of 22±0.39°C and evaluated for 16 days. The fruits of all cultivars remained green after 21 days of storage at 10.53±0.37°C. Fruits of the cultivar Nanicão did not completely ripened after transferred to the 22°C storage, when stored for 7 days at low temperature. These fruits were firmer, with green peel and low soluble solids and titratable acidity. The fruits of all cultivars complete the ripening when transferred to room temperature after 21 days of cold storage. Chilling injuries increased with cold storage time in all cultivars. The cultivars Nanicão, Caipira and Maçã had more symptoms of chilling injury, while Prata and Vitória were more tolerant to the cold storage (10.53°C) for up to 21 days, showing normal ripening after transferred to the 22±0.39°C storage.

scholarly journals Study on energy loss and thermal environment through door open while air conditioner running

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06035
Author(s):  
Sihwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Closed State

While air conditioner is running, opening doors and windows is a great way to reduce operating efficiency and undermine the air conditioning system’s ability to bring the indoor to a comfortable temperature. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the heat loss and thermal environment through the door open while air conditioner running. To achieve this goal, using full-scale measurement with the commercial store during the cooling period, the infiltration rate, thermal environment and energy consumption of air conditioners with door opened and door closed state were measured. The measured results show that the infiltration rate at the door opened state was increased by about 21.3 times compared to the door closed state. When the set temperature of the air conditioner was 24 °C, the room temperature in the opening gate cooling was measured to be about 5 °C higher than the closing gate cooling. However, the energy consumption was measured approximately 12 kWh/day and there was no difference with door state. This means that the energy consumption is not increased if the indoor air temperature would not reach the set point temperature of air conditioner.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cold Storage on Adenosine Diphosphate-Mediated Platelet Responsiveness

TH Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. e163-e172
Author(s):  
Juergen Koessler ◽  
Philipp Klingler ◽  
Marius Niklaus ◽  
Katja Weber ◽  
Angela Koessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Purinergic Receptor ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Inhibitory Pathways ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Induced Aggregation

Abstract Introduction Cold storage of platelets is considered to contribute to lower risk of bacterial growth and to more efficient hemostatic capacity. For the optimization of storage strategies, it is required to further elucidate the influence of refrigeration on platelet integrity. This study focused on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-related platelet responsiveness. Materials and Methods Platelets were prepared from apheresis-derived platelet concentrates or from peripheral whole blood, stored either at room temperature or at 4°C. ADP-induced aggregation was tested with light transmission. Activation markers, purinergic receptor expression, and P2Y12 receptor function were determined by flow cytometry. P2Y1 and P2X1 function was assessed by fluorescence assays, cyclic nucleotide concentrations by immunoassays, and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP)-phosphorylation levels by Western blot analysis. Results In contrast to room temperature, ADP-induced aggregation was maintained under cold storage for 6 days, associated with elevated activation markers like fibrinogen binding or CD62P expression. Purinergic receptor expression was not essentially different, whereas P2Y1 function deteriorated rapidly at cold storage, but not P2Y12 activity. Inhibitory pathways of cold-stored platelets were characterized by reduced responses to nitric oxide and prostaglandin E1. Refrigeration of citrated whole blood also led to the attenuation of induced inhibition of platelet aggregation, detectable within 24 hours. Conclusion ADP responsiveness is preserved under cold storage for 6 days due to stable P2Y12 activity and concomitant disintegration of inhibitory pathways enabling a higher reactivity of stored platelets. The ideal storage time at cold temperature for the highest hemostatic effect of platelets should be evaluated in further studies.

scholarly journals Control of postharvest gray mold of ‘BRS Nubia’ table grape under cold storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3457-3465
Author(s):  
Ronan Carlos Colombo ◽  
◽  
Deived Uilian de Carvalho ◽  
Maria Aparecida da Cruz ◽  
Ciro Hideki Sumida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Vineyard ◽  
Solids Content

The demand for high-quality nutritional products has increased fruit consumption, as grapes, for this reason postharvest techniques are required to prevent losses, to preserve quality, to extend shelf life, and to attend to consumer needs. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate strategies to control gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in ‘BRS Nubia’ grapes during cold storage and shelf life periods. Grape bunches were harvested from a commercial vineyard in Marialva, Parana, Brazil. Grapes were subjected to the following treatments: cold storage at 2 ºC (control), cold storage at 2 ºC with SO2-generating pads, cold storage at 2 ºC and inoculated with B. cinerea suspension, and cold storage at 2 ºC with SO2-generating pads and inoculated with B. cinerea suspension. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design with five replications per treatment using four bunches per experimental unit. A factorial arrangement (absence/presence of SO2 pads × absence/presence of Botrytis inoculation) was applied. At the end of 30 days of cold storage and 7 days of shelf life (22 ºC), gray mold incidence, shattered berries, and physicochemical parameters were evaluated. The gray mold incidence on ‘BRS Nubia’ grapes decreased when SO2-generating pads were used during cold storage. Berry weight loss was greater in the treatments without SO2-generating pads after 30 days of cold storage followed by 7 days of shelf life. Berry firmness, soluble solids content (SS), total acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and anthocyanins concentration were not negatively affected by SO2-generating pad treatments. However, a slight increase in the shattered berries percentage was recorded for the SO2-generating pad treatments. No significant quality loss of ‘BRS Nubia’ grape was evident after 30 days of cold storage followed by 7 days of exposure at room temperature. In this context, SO2-generating pads can be used to control the gray mold incidence on ‘BRS Nubia’ table grapes during cold storage.

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