Tetraethyl orthosilicate-containing dispersion coating — water vapor and liquid water barrier properties

An aqueous styrene-butadiene latex dispersion coating containing in-situ processed tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) applied on paperboard demonstrated improved water barrier performance. Coatings containing TEOS equivalent to 0.8% silicon dioxide (SiO2; dry basis) exhibited water vapor performance of < 25 g/m2/day (23°C, 50% relative humidity [RH]) and liquid water barrier performance Cobb 1800 s of < 6 g/m2, when applied as a single-layer 18 g/m2 coating. Cobb 1800 s barrier performance was still good (< 11 g/m2) at coat weights of 7–10 g/m2. The use of filler materials such as kaolin improved the vapor barrier properties of the coating, but this was not critical to the liquid water barrier properties.

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Biodegradable PLA/PBSA Multinanolayer Nanocomposites: Effect of Nanoclays Incorporation in Multinanolayered Structure on Mechanical and Water Barrier Properties

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10122561 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2561

Author(s):

Tiphaine Messin ◽

Nadège Follain ◽

Quentin Lozay ◽

Alain Guinault ◽

Nicolas Delpouve ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Confinement Effect ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Chain Segment ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Water Barrier ◽

Cloisite 30B ◽

Geometrical Constraints

Biodegradable PLA/PBSA multinanolayer nanocomposites were obtained from semi-crystalline poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) nanolayers filled with nanoclays and confined against amorphous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanolayers in a continuous manner by applying an innovative coextrusion technology. The cloisite 30B (C30B) filler incorporation in nanolayers was considered to be an improvement of barrier properties of the multilayer films additional to the confinement effect resulting to forced assembly during the multilayer coextrusion process. 2049-layer films of ~300 µm thick were processed containing loaded PBSA nanolayers of ~200 nm, which presented certain homogeneity and were mostly continuous for the 80/20 wt% PLA/PBSA composition. The nanocomposite PBSA films (monolayer) were also processed for comparison. The presence of exfoliated and intercalated clay structure and some aggregates were observed within the PBSA nanolayers depending on the C30B content. A greater reduction of macromolecular chain segment mobility was measured due to combined effects of confinement effect and clays constraints. The absence of both polymer and clays interdiffusions was highlighted since the PLA glass transition was unchanged. Besides, a larger increase in local chain rigidification was evidenced through RAF values due to geometrical constraints initiated by close nanoclay contact without changing the crystallinity of PBSA. Tortuosity effects into the filled PBSA layers adding to confinement effects induced by PLA layers have caused a significant improvement of water barrier properties through a reduction of water permeability, water vapor solubility and water vapor diffusivity. The obtaining barrier properties were successfully correlated to microstructure, thermal properties and mobility of PBSA amorphous phase.

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The influence of pigment modulus on failure resistance of paper barrier coatings

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.1515/npprj-2021-0052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Yaping Zhu ◽

Douglas Bousfield ◽

William Gramlich

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Barrier Coatings ◽

Failure Resistance ◽

Latex Coatings ◽

Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽

Before And After ◽

Low Modulus ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Pigments are often used in water borne barrier coatings but tend to make the coatings prone to failure. The pigment properties effects on this issue is lacking in literature. In this work, coatings that used pigments with different moduli but with similar size and aspect ratio were characterized in terms of water vapor resistance before and after folding. Coatings with talc had better water vapor resistance than coatings with similar sized kaolin. Talc also limited the degradation of barrier properties when folded. Coatings with metalized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes had better failure resistance than coatings with similarly sized rigid mica. Both results are likely caused by the ability of the low modulus pigment to deform and allow for strain to occur in the pigment as well as the latex phase. Styrene-butadiene (SB) and natural rubber (NR) latex coatings had a better failure resistance than styrene-acrylate (SA) latex, which is likely due to their low glass transition temperatures and high strain-to-failure values. However, coatings with high amounts of SB or NR latex may lead to blocking issues in production. Adding kaolin into SA and SB latex mixtures resulted in improved water vapor barrier property and failure resistance.

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Realization of ultra-high barrier to water vapor by 3D-interconnection of super-hydrophobic graphene layers in polylactide films

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c7ta03901h ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (27) ◽

pp. 14377-14386 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sheng-Yang Zhou ◽

Biao Yang ◽

Yue Li ◽

Xin-Rui Gao ◽

Xu Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Main Chain ◽

Graphene Layers ◽

Water Barrier ◽

Barrier Performance

Inferior water barrier performance has always been a major deficiency of polylactide (PLA) that is in practice difficult to overcome owing to the existence of plentiful hydrophilic ester bonds in the main chain.

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Application of Chitosan as a Barrier Coating on Coated Ivory Board

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.180 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 200 ◽

pp. 180-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhi Qiang Fang ◽

Gang Chen ◽

Yu Sha Liu ◽

Xin Sheng Chai

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Double Layer ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Single Layer ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Oxygen Barrier ◽

Coated Paper ◽

Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽

Coating Weight

Chitosan solution was applied to coated ivory board as a barrier material, and the surface microstructure, oxygen resistance and water vapor permeability of chitosan-coated paper under different coating weight were studied. According to the images of scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Atomic force microscope(AFM), the coated ivory board surface has a smooth contour without pores and cracks after coating with chitosan. Increasing in coating hold-out of chitosan, the smoothness and the oxygen barrier properties of coated paper were improved considerably, but no improvement on water vapor resistance. An Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of 119.0 cm3/m2•24h•0.1MPa was obtained when the coating weight of chitosan was 3.96 g/m2. Single-layer and double-layer techniques were used to coat coated ivory paper with chitosan; it was found that the OTR of paper, obtaining by double-layer coating technique, was lower than that of single-layer paper at similar coating weight. For the purpose of reducing water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of chitosan-coated paper, Poly(vinyldene chloride)(PVDC) was applied on the chitosan-coated paper. Water vapor and oxygen barrier properties were enhanced as the coating weight of PVDC increased from 1.05 g/m2to 7.40 g/m2. While the chitosan and PVDC was coated on coated ivory paper through bi-layer technique for 1.96 g/m2and 7.40g/m2, respectively, the WVTR and OTR of paper decreased by 66.3% and 98.0% separately, compared to that of the chitosan-coated paper for 1.96g/m2.

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On the Use of Persian Gum for the Development of Antiviral Edible Coatings against Murine Norovirus of Interest in Blueberries

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13020224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 224

Author(s):

Niloufar Sharif ◽

Irene Falcó ◽

Antonio Martínez-Abad ◽

Gloria Sánchez ◽

Amparo López-Rubio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Edible Coatings ◽

Murine Norovirus ◽

Viral Contamination ◽

Barrier Performance

In the last decades, berries have been identified as important vehicles for the transmission of foodborne viruses and different strategies are being explored to eliminate or reduce viral contamination in these fruits. The aim of this work was to develop novel edible coatings with antiviral properties for inactivating and reducing murine norovirus (MNV). Firstly, the effect of gelatin (G) addition on Persian gum (PG) films was studied in terms of microstructural, mechanical, optical, and water barrier properties. The following PG:G ratios were considered: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. Microstructure analysis revealed the compatibility of both hydrocolloids since no phase separation was observed. The addition of G to PG films provided stiffer and more deformable films than pure PG, with lower water vapor permeability values. Specifically, films prepared with 50:50 PG:G ratio presented better mechanical and barrier performance. Interestingly, pure PG showed antiviral activity on murine norovirus, probably due to the presence of some impurities (mainly tannins). Adding allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) enhanced the PG antiviral activity at refrigerated temperatures in blueberries, not being affected by the AITC concentration. This effect was not observed at ambient temperature, probably due to the volatilization of AITC.

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The Development of a Uniform Alginate-Based Coating for Cantaloupe and Strawberries and the Characterization of Water Barrier Properties

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8060203 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tugce Senturk Parreidt ◽

Martina Lindner ◽

Isabell Rothkopf ◽

Markus Schmid ◽

Kajetan Müller

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Sodium Alginate ◽

Water Loss ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Film Formation ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Coating Application ◽

Water Barrier

Water loss, gain or transfer results in a decline in the overall quality of food. The aim of this study was to form a uniform layer of sodium alginate-based edible coating (1.25% sodium alginate, 2% glycerol, 0.2% sunflower oil, 1% span 80, 0.2% tween 80, (w/w)) and investigate the effects on the water barrier characteristics of fresh-cut cantaloupe and strawberries. To this end, a uniform and continuous edible film formation was achieved (0.187 ± 0.076 mm and 0.235 ± 0.077 mm for cantaloupe and strawberries, respectively) with an additional immersion step into a calcium solution at the very beginning of the coating process. The coating application was effective in significantly reducing the water loss (%) of the cantaloupe pieces. However, no significant effect was observed in water vapor resistance results and weight change measurements in a climate chamber (80%→60% relative humidity (RH) at 10 °C). External packaging conditions (i.e., closed, perforated, and open) were not significantly effective on water activity (aw) values of cantaloupe, but were effective for strawberry values. In general, the coating application promoted the water loss of strawberry samples. Additionally, the water vapor transmission rate of stand-alone films was determined (2131 g·100 µm/(m2·d·bar) under constant environmental conditions (23 °C, 100%→50% RH) due to the ability to also evaluate the efficacy in ideal conditions.

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Silicon stabilized alumina thin films as gas permeation barriers prepared by spatial atomic layer deposition

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2017.117 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (17) ◽

pp. 933-938 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sebastian Franke ◽

Sebastian Beck ◽

Reinhard Caspary ◽

Hans-Hermann Johannes ◽

Annemarie Pucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Atomic Layer Deposition ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Atomic Layer ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Gas Permeation ◽

Barrier Films ◽

Layer Deposition ◽

Barrier Performance ◽

Aging Conditions

ABSTRACTThe growth mechanism and the barrier performance of Al2O3, SiO2 and a binary Si-Al oxide (SiAlxOy) deposited by spatial atomic layer deposition (SALD) were investigated. Alumina and silica were deposited by TMA and BDEAS with growth-per-cycles (GPC) of 0.16 and 0.013 nm, respectively. Interestingly a significant higher GPC of 0.225 nm was found for SiAlxOy. Although alumina in principle has excellent barrier properties, the films easily degraded and lose their barrier performance if exposed to water vapor at elevated temperatures. Therefore, the barrier performances of these films were investigated under harsh environment conditions. We found that the barrier performance of 100 nm Al2O3 failed in less than one day at 70 °C with 70 % relative humidity, whereas 100 nm SiAlxOy sustained for approximately one week. However, the resistivity of those barrier systems was significantly improved by inserting a single 3.3 nm SiO2 layer into the barrier films. In this way the barrier system withstands up to 5 months and the intrinsic water vapor transition rate was reduced by two to three orders of magnitude to ∼10-4 g/m2/day at these tough aging conditions.

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Preparation of poly(ε-caprolactone) based composites through multistage biaxial-stretching extrusion with excellent oxygen and water vapor barrier performance

Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing ◽

10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106494 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106494

Author(s):

Yitong Ding ◽

Aichun Han ◽

Hongxun Zhou ◽

Qian Zhou ◽

Hangling Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Water Vapor Barrier ◽

Biaxial Stretching ◽

Barrier Performance

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Modern Biodegradable Plastics—Processing and Properties Part II

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102523 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2523

Author(s):

Janusz W. Sikora ◽

Łukasz Majewski ◽

Andrzej Puszka

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Reference Sample ◽

Film Surface ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

Biodegradable Plastics ◽

Film Blowing

Four different plastics were tested: potato starch based plastic (TPS-P)–BIOPLAST GF 106/02; corn starch based plastic (TPS-C)–BioComp BF 01HP; polylactic acid (polylactide) plastic (PLA)—BioComp BF 7210 and low density polyethylene, trade name Malen E FABS 23-D022; as a petrochemical reference sample. Using the blown film extrusion method and various screw rotational speeds, films were obtained and tested, as a result of which the following were determined: breaking stress, strain at break, static and dynamic friction coefficient of film in longitudinal and transverse direction, puncture resistance and strain at break, color, brightness and gloss of film, surface roughness, barrier properties and microstructure. The biodegradable plastics tested are characterized by comparable or even better mechanical strength than petrochemical polyethylene for the range of film blowing processing parameters used here. The effect of the screw rotational speed on the mechanical characteristics of the films obtained was also demonstrated. With the increase in the screw rotational speed, the decrease of barrier properties was also observed. No correlation between roughness and permeability of gases and water vapor was shown. It was indicated that biodegradable plastics might be competitive for conventional petrochemical materials used in film blowing niche applications where cost, recyclability, optical and water vapor barrier properties are not critical.

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