scholarly journals Recontextualization and Proverbiality: Pragmatic Analysis of Arabic and English Proverbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Zahraa Abed Hashem ◽  
Thulfiqar Hussein Muhi
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
Context Of Use ◽  
Everyday Experiences ◽  
Arabic And English

Proverbs are a type of idiomatic expressions that are commonly used in everyday spoken language. They concisely and figuratively summarize everyday experiences and common observations (Borowska, 2014, p. 22). The use of proverbs often gives rise to interesting pragmatic processes, including, most notably, recontextualization. Recontextualization is intimately connected to two distinctive features of proverbs, namely, traditionality, and self-containedness. Pragmatically, the meanings and functions of the love proverbs, the focus of this paper, are not totally fixed because the conventionalized meanings and functions associated with these proverbs should be modulated in light of the new context of use. This study will examine 50 proverbs of love (25 in each language) from a pragmatic perspective. The analytical framework employed in the analysis will draw on the concept of implicature and the distinction between utterance-type implicature and utterance-token implicature. In this part, the study will draw on Culpeper and Haugh’s (2014) neo-Gricean model. At a higher contextual level, the analysis will follow Linell’s (1998) conceptualization of recontextualization's pragmatic process. The analysis showed that upon using a proverb in a new context, the proverb could go through a recontextualization process that might serve two pragmatic functions: illocution shift and foregrounding of didactic content.

scholarly journals Semantic deviation in Arabic and English proverbs of love

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Zahraa Abed Hashem ◽  
Thulfiqar Hussein Muhi
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Important Type ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
Everyday Experiences ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Efficient Transmission ◽  
Persuasive Effect

Proverbs are a type of idiomatic expressions that are commonly used in everyday spoken language. They concisely and figuratively summarize everyday experiences and common observations (Borowska, 2014). The proverbs of love often contain various stylistic features that are worthy of analysis. The present paper hypothesizes that semantic deviations in the Arabic and English proverbs of love facilitate pleasurable and enjoyable delivery of the didactic messages conveyed by these proverbs and maximize their persuasive effects. Semantic deviations (such as simile, metaphor, metonymy and synecdoche) represent an important type of stylistic deviation in proverbs because of their figurative features and aesthetic values. Such stylistic devices make the content of these proverbs more appealing the audience and maximize the persuasive effect of their contents. This study examined 50 proverbs of love (25 in each language) from stylistic perspective, based on the semantic deviation model developed by Leech (1969). The analysis showed that the extensive use of various types of semantic deviations maximize the persuasive effects, and eventually efficient transmission of cultural wisdom. Additionally, such deviations were found to reinforce and facilitates the pleasurable delivery of the didactic function of proverbs.

scholarly journals Social tipping processes for sustainability: An analytical framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricarda Winkelmann ◽  
Jonathan F. Donges ◽  
E. Keith Smith ◽  
Manjana Milkoreit ◽  
Christina Eder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Institutional Network

<p>Societal transformations are necessary to address critical global challenges, such as mitigation of anthropogenic climate change and reaching UN sustainable development goals. Recently, social tipping processes have received increased attention, as they present a form of social change whereby a small change can shift a sensitive social system into a qualitatively different state due to strongly self-amplifying (mathematically positive) feedback mechanisms. Social tipping processes have been suggested as key drivers of sustainability transitions emerging in the fields of technological and energy systems, political mobilization, financial markets and sociocultural norms and behaviors.</p><p>Drawing from expert elicitation and comprehensive literature review, we develop a framework to identify and characterize social tipping processes critical to facilitating rapid social transformations. We find that social tipping processes are distinguishable from those of already more widely studied climate and ecological tipping dynamics. In particular, we identify human agency, social-institutional network structures, different spatial and temporal scales and increased complexity as key distinctive features underlying social tipping processes. Building on these characteristics, we propose a formal definition for social tipping processes and filtering criteria for those processes that could be decisive for future trajectories to global sustainability in the Anthropocene. We illustrate this definition with the European political system as an example of potential social tipping processes, highlighting the potential role of the FridaysForFuture movement. Accordingly, this analytical framework for social tipping processes can be utilized to illuminate mechanisms for necessary transformative climate change mitigation policies and actions. </p>

scholarly journals Discourse Markers in Speech: Distinctive Features and Corpus Annotation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludivine Crible ◽  
Maria-Josep Cuenca
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Corpus Annotation ◽  
Distinctive Features

It is generally acknowledged that discourse markers are used differently in speech and writing, yet many general descriptions and most annotation frameworks are written-based, thus partially unfit to be applied in spoken corpora. This paper identifies the major distinctive features of discourse markers in spoken language, which can be associated with problems related to their scope and structure, their meaning and their tendency to co-occur. The description is based on authentic examples and is followed by methodological recommendations on how to deal with these phenomena in more exhaustive, speech-friendly annotation models.

Validating automated speaking tests

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Bernstein ◽  
Alistair Van Moere ◽  
Jian Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Stable Relationship ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Interactive Nature ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
Oral Proficiency Interviews ◽  
Arabic And English

This paper presents evidence that supports the valid use of scores from fully automatic tests of spoken language ability to indicate a person’s effectiveness in spoken communication. The paper reviews the constructs, scoring, and the concurrent validity evidence of ‘facility-in-L2’ tests, a family of automated spoken language tests in Spanish, Dutch, Arabic, and English. The facility-in-L2 tests are designed to measure receptive and productive language ability as test-takers engage in a succession of tasks with meaningful language. Concurrent validity studies indicate that scores from the automated tests are strongly correlated with the scores from oral proficiency interviews. In separate studies with learners from each of the four languages the automated tests predict scores from the live interview tests as well as those tests predict themselves in a test-retest protocol (r = 0.77 to 0.92). Although it might be assumed that the interactive nature of the oral interview elicits performances that manifest a distinct construct, the closeness of the results suggests that the constructs underlying the two approaches to oral assessment have a stable relationship across languages.

scholarly journals THE TRICKING OF ADVERTISERS (CRITICAL PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Tomson Sabungan Silalahi
Keyword(s):  
Department Store ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Visual Organization ◽  
Link Assessment

ABSTRACT Advertisements have their ideologies, values and particular interests existing in them and that must be viewed critically. Using critical pragmatic analysis, this article aims to unravel critically the ideologies, values and interests that advertisers want to convey through the discourse they conceal. To dismantle it,  we will take such steps; (1) transcribing data from spoken language into written language, (2) noting how the overall narrative of the visual organization and the text in the advertisement; (3) examines imagery to be built by the advertiser, how the advertiser's imaging process is represented, who is omitted/ignored by the advertisement, what is ignored or absent in the advertisement, and last (4) the establishment of a text link; assessment, representation, relationships, identification. The results were obtained as follows; Ramayana Department Store (RDS) wants to change the mindset of its audience about the word “cool”. Implicitly viewers are forced to become more consumptive. If it should be likened to film, then advertiser act as protagonist, parents as antagonist and children as object which is oppressed. Keywords: Ramayana Department Store, critical pragmatics, advertisement

scholarly journals The emergence of the phonetic and phonological features in sign language

Nordlyd ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
New Research

Sign languages offer a unique and informative perspective on the question of the origin of phonological and phonetic features. Here I review research showing that signs are comprised of distinctive features which can be discretely listed and which are organized hierarchically. In these ways sign language feature systems are comparable to those of spoken language. However, the inventory of features and aspects of their organization, while similar across sign languages, are completely unlike those of spoken languages, calling into question claims about innateness of features for either modality. Studies of a young village sign language, Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL), demonstrate that phonological structuring is not in evidence at the outset, but rather self-organizes gradually (Sandler et al 2011). However, our new research shows that signature phonetic features of ABSL already can be detected when ABSL signers use signs from Israeli Sign Language. This ABSL ‘accent’ points to the existence of phonetic features that may not be distinctive in any sign language but can distinguish one sign language from another, even at an early stage in the history of a language. Taken together, the findings suggest that physiological, cognitive, and social factors are at play in the emergence of phonetic and phonological features.

scholarly journals The use of English terms in Spanish newspapers

2015 ◽  
Vol 213 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Enas Sadiq Hamudi
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
The World ◽  
German Research ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
The Right

The Spanish language is the fourth most spoken language in the world (after Arabic and English and Chinese).  Many words of Arabic were entered in it, where 10% of the Spanish words return to Arabic origin, as well as a large number of English, French and German   . Research divider of three chapters: Chapter I: Introduction, which is the objective of the research and the choice of subject for the purpose of study, criticism and analysis. Chapter II: It is a part of which is known as Ray Anglicism number of writers. Chapter III: Featuring practical part in the research, which we extracted the words of the original English, which are alien to the Spanish language and we analyze them according to Ray Spanish scientists and offer what the right word to be used instead of the term in addition analysis use the right or wrong of this term by Ray complex scientific language Spanish RAE. And references that have

scholarly journals A COMMUNICATIVE VIEW TOWARDS THE TEACHING OF SPOKEN LANGUAGE: DISTINCTIVE FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-191
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Manso López ◽  
Sérgio Arruda de Moura
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Distinctive Features

scholarly journals Spoken Grammar: Meaning, Principles and Characteristics

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
Ru’a Salim Mahmood ◽  
Hussein Ali Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Informal Context

Abstract The terms Spoken Grammar was coined by the two corpus grammarians, Ronald Carter and Mike McCarthy. In the 19th century,  it came under the impact  of a number of local dialects represented by the cockney dialect in London, and the Lothian dialect in Edinburgh. The discussions, debates and studies on Spoken grammar have led to the specification of three main viewpoints concerning the existence of this types of grammar. The viewpoints entail  that (1) grammatical rules do not govern spoken language, which is disorderly and disordered; (2) Speaking English lacks a distinct grammar. It has the same syntax as written English grammar; and (3) spoken language is regulated by a separate grammar with its own set of rules and conventions; i.e. it has its own grammar represented by its own set of rules, regulations, and classifications compared to those of the written language. T validate or refute the implications of the preceding viewpoints, relevant literature concludes that spoken grammar is quite prevalent in everyday conversational spoken English. It is characterized by being more flexible and less strict compared to written grammar. This is so because the informal context of using spoken grammar makes it have a syntax that varies from the traditional written grammar in a number of aspects. This purely theoretical  research aims at shedding light on the definition, meaning, principles and the main characteristics of spoken grammar. The emphasis on the distinctive features of spoken grammar has triggered the researchers to focus on a further point of discussion, namely the differences between spoken and written grammar. To substantiate such differences, examples from closely relevant grammatical literature have also been provided. The research ends with some concluding points drawn upon from the preceding discussed and presented points.

scholarly journals Od lingua nativa do lingua fracta: kulturowe wymiary dyskursu w analizie lingwistycznej

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Magdalena Steciąg
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Common Language ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Everyday Experiences

The article contains a suggestion to frame a shift towards the cultural dimension of discourse in its linguistic analysis through the notion of lingua nativa – lingua materna – lingua fracta. In this approach, the gradual dispersion of the idea of language as a natural phenomenon is emphasized in three aspects: the common language referring to the “world of things” and everyday experiences; the first/native language, which “runs in the blood”; and the spoken language in non-mediated interpersonal communication.

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