scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of pit latrines on groundwater contamination in Hopley Settlement, Harare, Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonse Tapera Ndoziya ◽  
Zvikomborero Hoko ◽  
Webster Gumindoga
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
World Health ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Pit Latrine ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A study was conducted to assess the water quality of the groundwater sources and possible impacts of pit latrines on the groundwater for selected boreholes and wells. The City of Harare's peri-urban settlement of Hopley predominantly uses pit latrines for excreta disposal. This puts groundwater at risk to contamination thereby threatening human health. Pit latrine density around groundwater points was assessed using a Geographical Information System (GIS). The pit latrine density ranged from 0 to 5 latrines in a 15 m radius to 3–63 latrines in a 100 m radius. From the analysis of the water samples, it was observed that on average, only 63% and 48% of samples met drinking water quality standards set by the World Health Organization guidelines and Standards Association of Zimbabwe limits. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that only three components had an eigenvalue of over 1 that explained 76.9% of the total cumulative variance of the observed variable. From the PCA, key parameters in groundwater contamination were nitrates, electrical conductivity, chlorides, ammonia, and thermotolerant coliforms. The spatial variation of the selected water quality parameters suggests that water points at the lowest end of the settlement had the poorest water quality. The point-of-use treatment is recommended for wells.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality assessment of Shahdadkot, Qubo Saeed Khan and Sijawal Junejo Talukas of District Qambar Shahdadkot, Sindh

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani ◽  
Muhammad Yar Khuhawar ◽  
Taj Muhammad Jahangir Khuhawar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe study examines the water quality of Shahdadkot, Qubo Saeed Khan and Sijawal Junejo talukas of Qambar Shahdadkot District, less affected by industrial contamination. A total of 38 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for 28 parameters. The results indicated that 57.89% samples were not suitable for drinking purpose with total dissolved solids above than maximum permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) (1000 mg/L). The pH, total phosphate, orthophosphate and nitrite were within WHO limits. The concentration of essential metals more than half samples, fluoride in 60.52% and heavy metals 0–50% were contaminated higher than permissible limits of WHO. The statistical analysis of water quality parameters was also carried out to evaluate coefficient of determination among the parameters, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Water quality determined for irrigation based on Kelly index (KI), sodium percentage (Na%), chloride–sulphate ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, permeability index (PI), chloroalkaline indices 1 (CAI-1), residual sodium carbonate and chloride bicarbonate ratio indicated that samples (55 to 100%) could be used for irrigation purposes. The consumption of water with high concentration of salts and fluoride above the permissible limits may be a cause of a number of diseases in the area.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality in Kuntaur, Central River Region, The Gambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Oladele Oyelakin ◽  
◽  
Mustapha Conteh ◽  
Osaro Iyekowa ◽  
Adjivon Anthony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
River Region ◽  
National Environment ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

The study deals with twelve water quality parameters on twenty-four sampling locations in Kuntaur. Samples were collected from the both surface water and groundwater. Twelve parameters were: temperature, pH, conductivity, acidity, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, iron, nitrite, nitrate, sulphate and phosphorus (orthophosphate). Nearly all the measured parameters fell within the standard reference of the various parameters. The standards were: National Environment Agency, NEA, (The Gambia), World Health Organization, WHO and European Union, EU, Standards.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS EFFLUIENT (CHROMIUM & NICKEL) RELEASED INTO ROMI RIVER, KADUNA STATE: A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-707
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mudassir Usman ◽  
Muhammad Nuruddeen Abdulkareem ◽  
Abdullahi Muhammad ◽  
Kabiru Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Refinery Effluent ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Industrial effluents discharged into the river poses a serious threat to our environment; the research examines the impact of some heavy metals of Kaduna refinery effluent into the Romi River. It asserts the nature of effluent released into the water body and also the impact of effluent on water quality. However the important water quality became relatively slowly as early human could only judge water quality through the physical senses of sight, taste and smell, now a days there is an increase of contamination of natural water bodies by industrial effluents in developing and densely populated countries like Nigeria, because rivers are major means of waste disposal and especially effluents from industries nearby. The data used in this research were generated from direct field measurement of pH, Conductivity, and Turbidity, heavy metal profiles (Chromium & Nickel) from Kaduna Refinery Effluent. The mean concentrations of the metals; chromium, iron, nickel, and zinc with the standard deviation were found to be: < 0.01 ± 0.1 mg/kg, and 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg. This study has shown that the mean concentration of chromium and Nickel found to be lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limits while the concentration values of nickel 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg and iron 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg as found to be higher than the WHO, acceptable limits of the metals) obtained at the effluent points and this implicate the industry adjacent to the area as one of the sources of heavy metals in the river.

scholarly journals Development of a public geographical information system-based website to follow the impact of control activities of soil-transmitted helminths in endemic countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paola Maurelli ◽  
Paola Pepe ◽  
Antonio Montresor ◽  
Denise Mupfasoni ◽  
Martina Nocerino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are among the most common neglected tropical diseases worldwide causing high morbidity and mortality rates in endemic areas. Preventive chemotherapy (PC) programmes and health education are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce the impact of STH in endemic countries. Following our role as WHO collaborating centre (WHO CC ITA-116), we have developed a WebGIS and a dataset to support PC programmes to monitor the impact of STH control. This vHealth presentation shows the potentiality of these tools in improving communication among WHO’s regional and country offices, Ministries of Health, pharmaceutical industries and other partners.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Industrial Purposes Using Geographical Information System (GIS) in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Sargazi ◽  
Seyed Ali Almodaresi ◽  
Ali Asghar Ebrahimi ◽  
Arash Dalvand ◽  
Hossein Sargazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Cost

Introduction: Water quality is essential for industries because they play an important role in countries’ economic development. Groundwater is one of the most widely used resources, and when the ionic constituents were increasing higher than the allowable limit, it increases the cost of maintenance and production in the industries. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate groundwater corrosiveness and scaling potential in Zahedan City,  29 groundwater wells and GIS-based geostatistical mapping techniques were analyzed clemically. The physicochemical parameters were invetsiagted and the most popular corrosion and scaling indices were determined as Langelier Index (LI), Aggressive Index (AI), Ryznar Index (RI), Puckorius Index (PI), and Larson–Skold Index (LS). Using ArcGIS 10.6.1 software, the zoning maps were plotted for LI, AI, RI, PI, and LS indices. Results: The results showed that total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) values in all of the samples exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standard. AI values of 58.62% samples showing moderate corrosiveness, and the remaining 17 samples have a scaling nature with very less corrosivity. Based on the LI values, 55.2% of samples have a corrosive nature. Concerning RI values, 59% of the samples have a corrosive tendency. According to the PI values, the entire groundwater of this region has a significant corrosive tendency, and 96% of samples exceeded the LS > 1.2, showing a high rate of localized corrosion. Conclusion: The zoning and spatial analysis of water quality showed that water quality was treated for industrial purposes in the entire studied region.

scholarly journals Water hydrochemistry of Lake Boudaroua in the Moroccan Prerifwest Mediterranean region

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00078
Author(s):  
Hicham En-nkhili ◽  
Issam Etebaai ◽  
Khadija El kharrim ◽  
Driss Belghyti
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

In order to assess the quality of surface water of Boudaroua Lake, located in the Moroccan Pre-rif.The water quality parameters was used to evaluate the potential presence of toxicity of this ecosystem. To this end, samples and hydrochemical analyzes were carried out for five permanent stations around the Lake, during the study period (July 2019, October 2019, January 2020). The study was based on 11 parameters, namely, turbidity (TUR), dissolved oxygen (O2), total hardness (DT), calcium (Ca2+),magnesium(Mg2+), sodium (Na+),potassium (K+), ammonium (NH+4), chloride(Cl−), sulfate( SO2−4), nitrate (NO-3)were considered. The results obtained of these physicochemical parameters have been compared with the Moroccan standard (MS) for surface water and with the World Health Organization (WHO). The results indicated that the values of the physicochemical parameters varies significantly seasonally due to precipitation rate variation. In addition the impact of Agricultural pollution resulting from the excessive use of fertilizers that enter the lake through waterways, such as ammonium NH+4, and dissolved oxygen (O2) its value reaching respectively 1.09 mg/L ,12 mg/L remains above standards (MS) and (WHO) which could harm the ecosystem of the lake.

scholarly journals An investigation of some water quality properties from different sources in Pelengana commune, Segou, Mali

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou Toure ◽  
Duan Wenbiao ◽  
Zakaria Keita
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract An assessment of consumer quality perception, as well as some physical and chemical characteristics of water samples sourced from wells, boreholes, and rivers in the locality of Pelengana commune, in Mali, was carried out. The World Health Organization (WHO) Guideline (or other) Values (GVs) for drinking water quality was used as a benchmark. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) alongside Duncan's multiple comparison tests for significant differences, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used in analyzing differences and correlations regarding the parameters investigated. Results revealed that the majority of the households (61.2%) regarded wells and river water as unsafe for drinking. The physical and chemical quality of water was affected by climatic season. Also, with the exception of iron (average values), the parameters studied met the WHO GVs. Based on the analyzed parameters, the quality of these different water sources is chemically acceptable.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Land Use on Water Quality across Multiple Spatial Scales in U-tapao River Basin, Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gyawali ◽  
K. Techato ◽  
S. Monprapusson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
The Impact

The study investigated the linkages between land uses and water quality in U-tapao river basin, Thailand, in order to examine the impact of land use changes on full -basin, sub-watershed and buffer zone scales (1000m, 500m and 200m) on river water quality through Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and statistical analyses. Correlation and regression analysis were applied for ten water quality parameters. In scale analysis, in the most cases, the sub-watershed scale showed the clear relationship between land use water quality rather than full-basin and buffer zone scales. This indicates that the level of relationship between land use and water quality depends upon scale therefore the relationship between water quality parameters and land uses should be studied in multiple scales and it helps to develop effective river basin management in future.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 54-60

Assessment of Leachate Effects on Groundwater and Soil from Nduba Land Fill in Kigali, Rwanda

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Tumwizere Remy Patrick ◽  
Felix Hategekimana ◽  
Niyibizi Aphrodice ◽  
G. Senthil Kumaran
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Landfills are one of the groundwater pollution sources in Rwanda. Physical and chemical analyses of water samples were carried out to assure the magnitude of Nduba Landfill on ground water quality. Laboratory tests were conducted to get the results which helped us to study the assessment of leachate effect and to propose mitigation measures of Nduba landfill. The results showed that most of water were contaminated, where concentration of most physical and chemical parameters were above acceptable standard levels required by local and international standards for potable. The analytical results of leachates samples (Cu: 38.5 mg/L, Mn: 13.075mg/l, Zn:15mg/l, TP:4525mg/l, pH:8.52µS/cm, COD:7100mg/l, BOD:182.1mg/l, TN:5mg/l and Fe: 43.025 mg/L) showed that heavy metals are leached out from the MSW. The analytical results of groundwater from the wells located in the vicinity of Nduba landfill site (Cu: 2 mg/L, Zn:3.5-5.5mg/l, SO42-: 250-275mg/l, NO3-: 55-67.5mg/l,NH4+:1.5-2.25mg/l, COD: 39-53.4mg/l, Fe: 1.75-4.25 mg/L, Turbidity: 4.03-4.32NTU, pH:5.31-5.73µS/cm, Temperature: 21°C and BOD:20.7-21.6mg/l) compared to the World Health Organization standard (Cu:0.1mg/L,Fe:0.3mg/L,Zn:5mg/l,SO42-:200mg/l,NO3-:50mg/l,NH4+:1.5mg/l,Turbidity:<5.0 NTU and pH:6.5-9.2µS/cm) revealed that groundwater from the wells located in the vicinity of Nduba landfill site requires further physical chemical treatment to ensure their suitability for human consumption as the levels of some water quality parameters exceeded the EPA guidelines for drinking water. Designing a sanitary landfill was recommended to avoid effects of leachate on environment.

scholarly journals Gis-based Analysis of Water Quality Parameters of Groundwater with Proximity to Onsite Wastes Pits in Vom Community of Jos South, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
R. E. Daffi ◽  
M. I. Alfa ◽  
E. S. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Health Organization

Water quality assessment is an important part of environmental quality management especially in groundwater resources located close to sources of contamination. This study involved the assessment of groundwater quality for hand dug wells at locations with proximity to pit latrines in Vom community, Plateau State, Nigeria and the use of GIS for data analysis. Water samples were collected from six (6) locations in a small area to assume possible interaction between the water in the sampling wells, the maximum distance between any two points being 100 m and the minimum distance being 22 m. Eleven (11) physical, bacteriological and chemical parameters were analyzed for the water samples. The results were compared with World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality standards. The chemical parameters in the samples tested met the WHO and NSDWQ limits with the exception of pH which was slightly acidic for four samples. The results also showed that E. coli was found in all the samples tested. This may be attributed to the proximity of the wells to pit latrines. The results obtained from laboratory analyses were inputted into a GIS database in ILWIS 3.8 where the variation maps were developed and also classified maps for each of the parameters based on whether they meet WHO standards or not. The classified maps were all overlaid in GIS to develop the groundwater quality information map where any point highlighted gives information on the parameters for that point. This makes the retrieval of water quality parameters easy and also the comparison of the parameters with respect to location. Treatment of the groundwater with chemicals like soda ash and chlorine are recommended before consumption. It is generally recommended that wells should not be located in close proximity to onsite underground wastes disposal pits. Government should provide sufficient potable water for the Vom Community.

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