scholarly journals Insomnia in COVID-19 Survivors: A Cross Sectional Study Among Healthcare Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Nalakath A. Uvais ◽  
Shamsudeen Moideen ◽  
Bishurul Hafi ◽  
Sooraj Rajagopal ◽  
V. Maheshwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Objective: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection predisposes patients to various psychiatric disorders. Study results indicate significantly higher prevalence of insomnia among patients with COVID-19 during active phase. Acute insomnia during active phase of COVID-19 can persist even after recovery, and can transform into chronic insomnia. There are not many studies exploring insomnia among COVID-19 survi- vors. Our study aims to explore insomnia and its correlation among healthcare workers with confirmed infection of COVID-19 after recovery.Methods: One hundred and seven COVID-19 survivors participated in the study. The social demographic and clinical information of all par- ticipants was collected by a structured self report questionnaire. Insomnia was evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index.Results: The prev- alence of insomnia was 21.5% among the healthcare workers with confirmed COVID-19 infection after recovery. There were significant posi- tive correlation between the duration of fever and insomnia severity (0.247, p=0.01).Conclusion: Our study among healthcare workers recovered from COVID-19 provides evidence for high prevalence of insomnia among COVID-19 survivors. The results of this study demands that specific support measures should be planned and implemented to address insomnia among healthcare workers recovered from COVID-19.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate the Effects of Age and Duration of HIV Infection on Anxiety and Depression in Cisgender Men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gianella ◽  
Rowan Saloner ◽  
Genevieve Curtin ◽  
Susan J. Little ◽  
Anne Heaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results

AbstractThis observational cross-sectional study of 152 people with HIV (PWH) examined the effects of age and estimated duration of HIV infection (EDI) on depressive and anxiety symptoms. All participants were cisgender men and completed the Profile of Moods State (POMS), a self-report inventory of current (i.e., past week) mood states. Overall, study results confirmed higher levels of anxiety and depression in PWH compared to individuals without HIV. Age group (< 50 or ≥ 50 years) moderated the effect of EDI (< 3 or ≥ 3 years) on mood disturbance. Specifically, younger PWH with early diagnosed infection exhibited the highest levels of depression and anxiety, whereas depression and anxiety were attenuated in older PWH with early infection such that their POMS scores did not significantly differ from the HIV-negative and chronically HIV-infected groups. Despite the small sample size and other important limitations in our study design, our preliminary findings confirm previous observations that older people may have some adaptive ability to better handle the acute psychological stressors associated with recent HIV infection.

scholarly journals A community based study on prevalence of obesity among urban population of Shivamogga, Karnataka, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchana Nagendra ◽  
Nandini C. ◽  
Mangala Belur
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Study Results ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Who Steps

Background: Obesity is a most prevalent malnutrition all over the world. It is estimated by the WHO that globally, over 1 billion (16%) adults are overweight and 300 million of these (5%) are obese. The highest rise in the number of obese is noted in the countries with fast growing economies especially of South East Asia. In India the prevalence of obesity is 12.6% in women and 9.3% in men. In other words, more than a 100 million individuals are obese in India. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of obesity in urban population of Shivamogga.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted in Urban Shivamogga Study was conducted during February 1st to July 30th 2016 for 6 months.  Data was collected from house hold members aged 15-64 years. The calculated sample size was 2000. Subjects were interviewed using a prestructured and pretested questionnaire adopted from WHO STEPS I and II, approaches for non-communicable diseases risk factors surveillance, after modifying to suit the local requirements (questions about Obesity and overweight were considered for study).Results: The prevalence of high BMI among study subjects was nearly fifty percent (45.6%).  The prevalence of obesity in the study subjects was 31.6%, the prevalence was more in females (34.9%) compared to males (28.4%). The prevalence of central/ abdominal type of obesity was 41.2%.Conclusions:This community based study demonstrated high prevalence of obesity and overweight among the productive population of urban Shivamogga. 

Factors Affecting for Lifestyle Adoption in Patients with Myocardial Infarction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
hossein mohsenipouya ◽  
Yadollah Jannati ◽  
Ali Ghaemian ◽  
Jamshid Yazdani-Charati
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background Epidemiological transition of acute and infectious diseases to non-communicable ones, aging population, together with rapid lifestyle changes all have given rise to prevalence rate of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Thus, it is of utmost importance to reflect on lifestyles especially in this period. The main purpose of this study was to assess lifestyle in patients affected with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods This cross-sectional study was examining health-related lifestyle behaviors in patients with MI in 2019. To this end, a total number of 176 patients were selected using purposive and convenience sampling methods. The research instrument was also the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) as a standardized self-report questionnaire. To analyze the data, the IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 22) software and the generalized linear models were used. Moreover, the level of significance was set at 0.05 in this study. Results The results of Wilks’ lambda distribution revealed that the effect of gender on the linear combination of the dependent variable (i.e. lifestyle) was significant and 11.4% of changes in this variable had resulted from variation in gender. Besides, the results demonstrated that health responsibility scores in men were on average 2.703 lower than those obtained by women. This relationship was also significant and its effect size was by 3.3% (p = 0.016). Conclusions and recommendations: It was concluded that the concept of lifestyle can be an analysis tool to better understand differences between genders, as an effective variable in adopting a healthy lifestyle, especially in patients suffering from MI.

scholarly journals Minor mental disorders among undergraduate students: Prevalence and associated factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Ferreira Júnior ◽  
E de Sousa Gomes ◽  
M Pereira Lima ◽  
L Maura Mascarini
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lgbt Students ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mental Health Centers ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Although it is recognized that mental disorders are more likely to occur in adulthood, especially in university period, and result in damage to health and incapacity for work, researches with university population are scarce in Brazil. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Minor Mental Disorders (MMD) among undergraduate students of a public university of São Paulo state, and investigate its association with social and economic conditions, sexuality and gender. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 with 376 undergraduate students who were halfway through the course. Data were collected from an anonymously and self-administered questionnaire, and MMD was evaluated from Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Associations were estimated through logistic regression, and odds ration calculated. We found prevalence of 53.9% of MMD among the students, and associated with gender (OR, 3.66; 95% CI, 2.37-5.67), being LGBT + (e.g Bisexuals OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.56-5.50), not receiving necessary family support (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.00 - 15.68), not being satisfied with the course (OR, 23.69 95% CI, 2.95 - 190,03) and not practicing physical activities regularly (OR, 2.05; 95% IC, 1.33 - 3.17). Minor mental disorders prevalence found was high, reaching more than 70% in some courses (e.g 77.8% among Biomedicine students), mainly associated with gender, sexual orientation and emotional support. Our study draws attention to the urgency of monitoring the mental health status of undergraduate students, and implementing mental health centers at universities, as well as facilitating access and improve existing centers. Key messages The high prevalence of minor mental disorders found among undergraduate students indicates the urgent need for interventions in this populations. Women and LGBT+ students are groups at higher risk for the development of minor mental disorders at university. Strategies must be created to reduce the higher prevalence in this populations.

scholarly journals Association of Internet Addiction with Emotional and Behavioral Characteristics of Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Effatpanah ◽  
Mohammad Moharrami ◽  
Gilda Rajabi Damavandi ◽  
Mahdi Aminikhah ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Nezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

Objective: This study aimed to measure the prevalence of internet addiction and its impact on the psychological well-being of adolescents in Tehran, considering the sociodemographic characteristics. Method: In this cross sectional study, a total of 945 (mean age of 14.85) students (522 boys and 423 girls) were recruited by 2-stage clustering sampling method in 2017. The Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) and Youth Self-Report (YSR) were used to measure internet addiction and psychological characteristics, respectively. The data were analyzed using multiple-logistic regression analysis adjusted for internet addiction and sociodemographic variables. Results: Overall, 20% of the adolescents were internet addicts. Gender, consanguineous marriage, and father’s education level were significantly associated with internet addiction. Regarding emotional and behavioral characteristics, internet addiction was significantly associated with the scores of internalizing (OR = 5.03; 95% CI: 3.05-8.28) and externalizing problems (OR = 5.84; 95% CI: 3.61-9.43), the total score of empirical scales (OR = 6.51; 95% CI: 3.71-11.6), and all DSM-oriented scales of the YSR (p < 0.001). Except for school performance, other competency scales had no correlations with internet addiction. Conclusion: Regarding the high prevalence of the internet addiction and its correlation with emotional and behavioral characteristics, students and their parents should be advised of the detrimental impacts of internet addiction and try to focus on its constructive application.

scholarly journals Monitoring chronic headache and medication-overuse headache prevalence in Denmark

Cephalalgia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lurenda Westergaard ◽  
Cathrine Juel Lau ◽  
Karen Allesøe ◽  
Signe Thorup Gjendal ◽  
Rigmor Højland Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Medication Overuse ◽  
Medication Overuse Headache ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Survey Responses

Objectives To study chronic headache and medication-overuse headache (MOH) prevalence; to identify groups with high prevalence of these conditions; and to identify the most frequently used pain medications among respondents with chronic headache. Background Chronic headache and MOH prevalence in Denmark were last estimated in 2010. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 104,950 individuals aged ≥16 years were randomly sampled for the 2017 Danish Capital Region Health Survey. Responses to questions about headache and use of acute pain medications were linked to demographic registries. MOH was defined as headache ≥15 days/month plus self-report of use of pain medications ≥10 or 15 days/month, in the last three months. Weighted prevalence proportions were calculated. Results Among 55,185 respondents, chronic headache prevalence was 3.0% (95% CI: 2.3–3.2) and MOH prevalence was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.8–2.1). Both conditions were more common among females and the middle-aged. Respondents on social welfare or receiving early retirement pensions had the highest prevalences. Among those with chronic headache, 44.7% overused over-the-counter analgesics for headache; paracetamol 41.5%; a combination of different pain relievers 25.3%; ibuprofen 21.9%; opioids 17.0%; combination preparations 14.3%; and triptans 9.1%. Conclusions The highest prevalence of chronic headache and MOH was seen among people with low socioeconomic position. Overuse of paracetamol was most common. Reported opioid use was higher than expected. Groups with high prevalence of MOH should be the focus of public health interventions on rational use of OTC and prescription pain medications.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and smartphone use in adolescents: A large-sample, cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Min Kim ◽  
Ilju Lee ◽  
Jun Won Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Choi
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Instant Noodles

Abstract Background: This study aimed to examine whether the frequency of consuming specific foods was associated with smartphone usage time and the problems caused by smartphone overuse in adolescents. Methods: Both routines (food consumption and smartphone use) were investigated in a large sample of Korean adolescents using a nationwide self-report survey. Food intake was assessed using a seven-point scale (“never” to “1, 2, and 3 or more times per day”) for nine items: fruits, vegetables, milk, soda, energy drinks, sweetened beverages, fast food, instant noodles, and snacks. Smartphone usage time and problematic usage were determined using self-report items. The study took place in Korea. In total, 62,276 students aged 12–18 years participated. Results: Most respondents (66.5%) used smartphones for over two hours per day. Higher rates of consuming fruits, vegetables, and milk were associated with significantly lower smartphone usage; in contrast, higher consumption of soda, energy drinks, sweetened beverages, fast food, instant noodles, and snacks was associated with higher smartphone use. Conclusions: Our findings provide useful clinical information regarding adolescents’ mental health. Future studies should investigate underlying mechanisms and examine the efficacy of adopting dietary interventions for adolescents with excessive smartphone use.

scholarly journals Prevalence of infectious abortion and its complications in pregnant women hospitalized in Ardabil city hospital during 2011-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Faranak Jalilvand ◽  
Shahla Farzipour ◽  
Jafar Mohammadshahi ◽  
Amir Kabood Mehri
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Training

Background: Infectious abortion and its mortality is one of the most serious health threats to women. Infectious abortion with high prevalence rate is more accessible in many of developing countries. The aim of current study, was to investigate the prevalence of infectious abortion and its complications in pregnant women hospitalized in Ardabil city hospital during 2011-8.Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study which done on pregnant women with symptom of infectious abortion who admitted to Alavi hospital in Ardabil city during the years 2011-2018. Data collected by a checklist including demographic and clinical information and then analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 20. Results: The rate of infectious abortion in this study was 40 people per 50,000 live births. The mean age of the studied women was 32.58±5.35 years. The highest number of infectious abortion was related to the women in the gestational age group over 13 weeks (50%). Most of women with 80% had fever and 52.5% of women had an open cervix at the time of referral. Complications of infectious abortion included peritonitis, uterine rupture, septic shock, and DIC.Conclusions: Results showed that the rate of infectious abortion in this study was 22.5% that generally due to manipulation by methods such as curettage, drug use and its side-effects. By considering the average age of women about 32 years and problems related about pregnancy, so programing and training in this themes could prevent many of these problems in pregnant women in future.

scholarly journals Association between mental health screening by self-report questionnaire and insomnia in medical students

2001 ◽  
Vol 59 (2A) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paz Loayza H. ◽  
Talles S. Ponte ◽  
Clarissa G. Carvalho ◽  
Michell R. Pedrotti ◽  
Paula V. Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sleep Difficulty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Main Association

Epidemiological research points to the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders among insomniacs. We carried out a cross-sectional study with medical students with the aim of evaluating the association between insomnia and suspicion of psychiatric disorder; 302 medical students were included (184 males and 118 females; mean age = 20.47±1.89 years). The main association was tested by logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of positivity in a screening test for psychiatric disorder was 22.19%; and of insomnia, 28.15%. Difficulty initiating sleep (OR=3.45), difficulty maintaining sleep (OR=7.61), falling asleep later (OR=1.99) and waking up earlier (OR=1.91) were associated with suspicion of psychiatric disorder. As a group, the variables difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, falling asleep after 11 pm, and waking up before 6 am presented an odds ratio of 5.96 for positivity in the screening for psychiatric disorder. Furthermore, difficulty maintaining sleep (OR=2.24) was associated with "being female," and falling asleep later (OR=0.43) was associated with "being male". These results underscore the importance of determining in what cases difficulty sleeping may have severe clinical repercussions or affect performance.

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