scholarly journals Monitoring of Black Sea algal viruses Tetraselmis viridis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum in bays of Sevastopol as a component of ecological monitoring of the studied aquatories

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
O.A. Stepanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Algal Viruses ◽  
Tetraselmis Viridis

Virus monitoring is a widespread control of their background circulation. Since 2002, the monitoring of algal viruses that infect microalgae Tetraselmis viridis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum has been carried out in the bays of Sevastopol differing in ecological conditions. The purpose of this work is to analyze and assess the results of this long-term (2002–2020) monitoring. The results obtained with taking into account the exactingness or resistance to environmental conditions of hosts of algal viruses that infect microalgae T. viridis and P. tricornutum were the basis for the following conclusions regarding the ecological well-being of the studied bays of Sevastopol: – relatively favorable ecological conditions in 2007–2008, 2017–2018 and in 2020. (maximum frequency of isolation PtV, and/or minimum TvV, and / or maximum difference in frequency of isolation between PtV and TvV); – unfavorable ecological conditions in 2002–2003, 2006 and 2015 (maximum frequency of isolation TvV, and/or minimum PtV, and/or maximum difference in frequency of isolation between TvV and PtV). Analysis of the monitoring results of algal viruses of T. viridis and P. tricornutum in 2015–2020 revealed that the studied relatively ecologically safe bays are characterized by the maximum number of all isolates of algal viruses (both TvV and PtV) and the numerical predominance of strains of algal virus of P. tricornutum, which is demanding to environmental conditions. At the same time, the minimum amount of all viral isolates was recorded in the ecologically unfavorable bay. The results of a long-term monitoring of algal viruses of T. viridis and P. tricornutum have established the possibility of using the monitoring of marine viruses, in particular of algal viruses of microalgae which are indicative of the ecological situation, as a component of complex ecological monitoring as ecological indicator.

Protected Areas: offering security to whom, when and where?

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALICE B. KELLY ◽  
A. CLARE GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Over Time

SUMMARYThis study considers the issue of security in the context of protected areas in Cameroon and Botswana. Though the literature on issues of security and well-being in relation to protected areas is extensive, there has been less discussion of how and in what ways these impacts and relationships can change over time, vary with space and differ across spatial scales. Looking at two very different historical trajectories, this study considers the heterogeneity of the security landscapes created by Waza and Chobe protected areas over time and space. This study finds that conservation measures that various subsets of the local population once considered to be ‘bad’ (e.g. violent, exclusionary protected area creation) may be construed as ‘good’ at different historical moments and geographical areas. Similarly, complacency or resignation to the presence of a park can be reversed by changing environmental conditions. Changes in the ways security (material and otherwise) has fluctuated within these two protected areas has implications for the long-term management and funding strategies of newly created and already existing protected areas today. This study suggests that parks must be adaptively managed not only for changing ecological conditions, but also for shifts in a protected area's social, political and economic context.

Analysis of high yielding maize production - a study based on a commercial crop

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Birch ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
A. Sawers
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
Reduced Temperature

This paper reports on the use of APSIM – Maize for retrospective analysis of performance of a high input, high yielding maize crop and analysis of predicted performance of maize grown with high inputs over the long-term (>100 years) for specified scenarios of environmental conditions (temperature and radiation) and agronomic inputs (sowing date, plant population, nitrogen fertiliser and irrigation) at Boort, Victoria, Australia. It uses a high yielding (17 400 kg/ha dry grain, 20 500 kg/ha at 15% water) commercial crop grown in 2004–05 as the basis of the study. Yield for the agronomic and environmental conditions of 2004–05 was predicted accurately, giving confidence that the model could be used for the detailed analyses undertaken. The analysis showed that the yield achieved was close to that possible with the conditions and agronomic inputs of 2004–05. Sowing dates during 21 September to 26 October had little effect on predicted yield, except when combined with reduced temperature. Single year and long-term analyses concluded that a higher plant population (11 plants/m2) is needed to optimise yield, but that slightly lower N and irrigation inputs are appropriate for the plant population used commercially (8.4 plants/m2). Also, compared with changes in agronomic inputs increases in temperature and/or radiation had relatively minor effects, except that reduced temperature reduces predicted yield substantially. This study provides an approach for the use of models for both retrospective analysis of crop performance and assessment of long-term variability of crop yield under a wide range of agronomic and environmental conditions.

A Proposed Speaker Recognition Method B Based on Long-Term Voice Features and Fuzzy Logic

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1B) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Iman H. Hadi ◽  
Alia K. Abdul-Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Speaker Recognition ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Recognition Method ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Zero Crossing Rate

Speaker recognition depends on specific predefined steps. The most important steps are feature extraction and features matching. In addition, the category of the speaker voice features has an impact on the recognition process. The proposed speaker recognition makes use of biometric (voice) attributes to recognize the identity of the speaker. The long-term features were used such that maximum frequency, pitch and zero crossing rate (ZCR).  In features matching step, the fuzzy inner product was used between feature vectors to compute the matching value between a claimed speaker voice utterance and test voice utterances. The experiments implemented using (ELSDSR) data set. These experiments showed that the recognition accuracy is 100% when using text dependent speaker recognition.

scholarly journals Simulated Fishing to Untangle Catchability and Availability in Fish Abundance Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Tobias ◽  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Delta Smelt ◽  
Individual Based Simulation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
True Population

In fisheries monitoring, catch is assumed to be a product of fishing intensity, catchability, and availability, where availability is defined as the number or biomass of fish present and catchability refers to the relationship between catch rate and the true population. Ecological monitoring programs use catch per unit of effort (CPUE) to standardize catch and monitor changes in fish populations; however, CPUE is proportional to the portion of the population that is vulnerable to the type of gear used in sampling, which is not necessarily the entire population. Programs often deal with this problem by assuming that catchability is constant, but if catchability is not constant, it is not possible to separate the effects of catchability and population size using monitoring data alone. This study uses individual-based simulation to separate the effects of changing environmental conditions on catchability and availability in environmental monitoring data. The simulation combines a module for sampling conditions with a module for individual fish behavior to estimate the proportion of available fish that would escape from the sample. The method is applied to the case study of the well monitored fish species Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) in the San Francisco Estuary, where it has been hypothesized that changing water clarity may affect catchability for long-term monitoring studies. Results of this study indicate that given constraints on Delta Smelt swimming ability, it is unlikely that the apparent declines in Delta Smelt abundance are the result of changing water clarity affecting catchability.

scholarly journals Alois Zlatnik – ein wegweisender Forscher in transkarpatischen Urwäldern | Alois Zlatnik – Innovative researcher in the virgin forests of Transcarpathia

2003 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Stepan Stoyko ◽  
Ivan Delehan ◽  
Nino Kuhn ◽  
Vasyl Lavnyy
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Plant Taxonomy ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Ecosystem Research ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
Forest Typology

Professor Alois Zlatnik (born 1902 in Dvur Kralovy, Czechoslovakia,died 1979 in Brno) was a well-known scientific researcher in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and other European countries. His academic career encompassed forest typology,phytobiocoenology, vegetation ecology and plant taxonomy. His fundamental exploration of the biocoenological structure of the virgin forests of Transcarpathia (Ukraine) commenced in the 1930s. At the same time he can be seen as the founder of long-term forest ecosystem research (ecological monitoring). Zlatnik was also an innovator regarding ecological principles of nature conservation of mountain regions.

scholarly journals Different Growth and Sporulation Responses to Temperature Gradient among Obligate Apomictic Strains of Ulva prolifera

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2256
Author(s):  
Yoichi Sato ◽  
Yutaro Kinoshita ◽  
Miho Mogamiya ◽  
Eri Inomata ◽  
Masakazu Hoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Ulva Prolifera ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Site Specific

The green macroalga Ulva prolifera has a number of variants, some of which are asexual (independent from sexual variants). Although it has been harvested for food, the yield is decreasing. To meet market demand, developing elite cultivars is required. The present study investigated the genetic stability of asexual variants, genotype (hsp90 gene sequences) and phenotype variations across a temperature gradient (10–30 °C) in an apomictic population. Asexual variants were collected from six localities in Japan and were isolated as an unialgal strain. The hsp90 gene sequences of six strains were different and each strain included multiple distinct alleles, suggesting that the strains were diploid and heterozygous. The responses of growth and sporulation versus temperature differed among strains. Differences in thermosensitivity among strains could be interpreted as the result of evolution and processes of adaptation to site-specific environmental conditions. Although carbon content did not differ among strains and cultivation temperatures, nitrogen content tended to increase at higher temperatures and there were differences among strains. A wide variety of asexual variants stably reproducing clonally would be advantageous in selecting elite cultivars for long-term cultivation. Using asexual variants as available resources for elite cultivars provides potential support for increasing the productivity of U. prolifera.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document