Reassessing the Export Competitiveness of Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-549
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Export Competitiveness

In this paper, primarily the export specialisation pattern of Vietnam has been examined from the perspective of domestic value added exports. In addition, an effort has been made to identify presence of exaggeration in gross exports measures of industries level competitiveness. Empirical findings suggest that the export specialisation of Vietnam has reversed, and there is presence of exaggeration in the estimates of comparative advantage of ‘human capital and technology intensive’ industries that has also caused in ballooning up their shares in gross exports. Such pattern has arisen because intra-industry trade has become increasingly significant in Vietnam. Received 11th March 2019; Revised 17th October 2019, Accepted 20th October 2019

scholarly journals Investigating the Export Competitiveness of Indonesian Automobile in the Middle-East Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Abi Revyansah Perwira
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Increasing Trend

Since the automobile is one of Indonesia’s value-added commodities with the highest export potency, this paper attempts to investigate the competitiveness of Indonesian automobile in the Middle-east countries by employing the RSCA index and the EPD. The RSCA indices from the selected Middle-east countries reveal that the Indonesian automobile has a comparative advantage in Bahrain, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, SA, and the UAE while Egypt and Jordan show a comparative disadvantage. The export competitiveness stability has medium to extreme fluctuations, particularly in Lebanon and the UAE, and shows an increasing trend only in Jordan and Qatar. The EPD matrix displays that Indonesia has Rising Star positions in Bahrain, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, and SA. While Falling Star positions are shown in Egypt, Jordan, Qatar, and the UAE. Indonesia should focus on SUV export development since this model has the highest demand in the Middle-east countries.

scholarly journals DAYA SAING REMPAH INDONESIA DI PASAR ASEAN PERIODE PRA DAN PASCA KRISIS EKONOMI GLOBAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
Asean Countries

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat daya saing ekspor rempah Indonesia di pasar ASEAN dan tingkat intensitas persaingan ekspor rempah dari negara-negara ASEAN. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Intra-Industry Trade (IIT), Index of Export Overlap (IEO), dan Index of Export Similarity (IES). Sedangkan data yang digunakan adalah data tahunan periode tahun 2005-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya saing rempah Indonesia di pasar ASEAN mengalami perubahan antar periode pengamatan. Pada periode sebelum dan saat krisis ekonomi banyak komoditas rempah Indonesia berdaya saing rendah. Sedangkan pada saat pasca krisis ekonomi kondisi daya saing rempah tersebut mengalami peningkatan, khususnya vanili, kayu manis, jahe, kunyit, safron, timi, daun salam, daun kari, dan lada. Apabila dilihat dari sisi persaingan komoditas rempah negara-negara ASEAN di pasar Indonesia maka intensitasnya cenderung menurun. Lada dari Filipina, vanili dari Thailand, dan cengkeh dari Malaysia dapat menjadi kompetitor yang potensial di pasar rempah Indonesia karena daya saingnya meningkat di saat negara-negara lain menurun. Pemerintah Indonesia dapat melakukan upaya-upaya untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan potensi daya saing rempah melalui (a) teknik budidaya yang baik, (b) pengembangan industri hilir, (c) pemanfaatan bursa komoditas, dan (e) perbaikan fasilitasi perdagangan. The study aims at analyzing the level of export competitiveness of Indonesian spices and the intensity level of spices export competitiveness among ASEAN countries. This study used Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Intra-Industry Trade (IIT), Index of Export Overlap (IEO), and Index of Export Similarity (IES) approaches. The data used were time series during 2005-2013. The results showed that in the period before and during economic crises, most of Indonesian spice commodities are considered in the low level of competitiveness. However, that level has improved after the Indonesian economic crises, particularly for some spice commodities such as: vanilla, cinnamon, ginger, saffron, turmeric, thyme, bay leaves, and curry. Seen from the ASEAN countries’ spice commodities in Indonesian market, the level of competitiveness tends to decline in the intensity. Philippines pepper, Thai vanilla, and Malaysian clove may become the potential competitors in Indonesian market showing that those countries have increased the level of competitiveness whereas other ASEAN countries have decreased. Indonesian government should maintain and stimulate the potential spice competitiveness through: (a) an application of good cultivation technique, (b) a development of downstream industry, (c) a utilization of commodity exchange, and (e) an improvement of trade facilitation.

scholarly journals INDICATORS OF UKRAINIAN INDUSTRIES’ COMPETITIVENESS CONSIDERING FACTOR OF HUMAN CAPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Ihor Oleksiv ◽  
◽  
Diana Mirzoieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Export Product

The aim of the article is to determine the types of economic activity of Ukraine with high export competitiveness, taking into account human capital. The stages of creation of an export product were elaborated, the main resource of which is human capital, the indicator of its efficiency – labor intensity, the results – the volume of output and the share of value added in output, and the foreign economic result – the share of exports. As a result of hierarchical cluster analysis, five clusters were defined, the current state of which was characterized by statistical data. In particular, outpacing coefficients were calculated for each cluster. As the result, recommendations were provided for clusters and the Ukrainian economy as a whole

Open Door System and Endogenous Growth in Indian Economy: An Empirical Analysis on the Role of Human Capital and R&D in Explaining Industrial Productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Arjun K. ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
A. Sankaran ◽  
Mousumi Das
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Exchange Rate ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Knowledge Capital ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

The present study investigates the impact of human capital, knowledge capital which is a function of human capital, and real exchange rate scenario in explaining long-run industrial total factor productivity (TFP) from 1980 to 2015 on the theoretical basis of the open endogenous growth model. The variables employed in the contemporary study include manufacturing value added (MNVA) as industrial output measure, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) as a measure of capital and labour input which is measured using employment data. Gross enrolment ratio (GER) is taken as a measure for human capital formation, expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a proxy for knowledge capital, and real exchange rate indicates global economic shocks. The study involves estimating TFP for Industrial Sector during the post-liberalization period by employing Cobb-Douglas production function. The ARDL bounds test technique for cointegration revealed long-run relation among the varying factors studied. The Toda-Yamamoto causality test concluded bi-directional causality running between, R&D expenditure and Industrial TFP which sends a strong signal to the policymakers for a well-framed long-term integrated approach for human & knowledge capital formation which will act as a strong impetus for manufacturing firms to come up in terms of augmenting production and productivity and expanding foreign market horizon. JEL Classification: D24, E2, J24

scholarly journals The Influence of R&D Intensity on Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Human Capital in the Semiconductor Industry in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5128
Author(s):  
Tsung-Chun Chen ◽  
Yenchun Jim Wu
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Relationship

Knowledge transfer is a strategy used by high-tech companies to acquire new knowledge and skills. Knowledge can be internally generated or externally sourced. The access to external knowledge is a quick fix, but the risks associated with reliance on external sources are often overlooked. However, not acquiring such knowledge is even riskier. There have been a slew of litigations in the semiconductor industry in recent years. The acquisition and assurance of intangible assets is an important issue. This paper posits that internal R&D should take into consideration the knowledge intensity and capital investment in the industry. This study focuses on the relationship between intangible assets and financial performance. It sourced the 2004 to 2016 financial data of semiconductor companies in Taiwan for panel data modeling and examined case studies for empirical validation. This study found that the higher the R&D intensity (RDI) in the value-added component of human capital, the better the financial performance of the company. RDI has a positive influence on the accumulation of human capital and financial performance metrics, and such influence is deferred. Meanwhile, human capital is a mediating factor in the relationship between RDI and financial performance. RDI is integral to the semiconductor industry’s pursuit of business sustainability.

scholarly journals A Study of Comparative Advantage and Intra-Industry Trade in the Pharmaceutical Industry of Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Yusefzadeh ◽  
Aziz Rezapour ◽  
Farhad Lotfi ◽  
Farbod Ebadifard Azar ◽  
Bahram Nabilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Industry Trade

scholarly journals An industry analysis of the power of human capital for corporate performance: Evidence from South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Morris
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Revenue Growth ◽  
Earnings Per Share ◽  
Capital Efficiency

Even in industrialised emerging economies, the value-generating competencies of a workforce, known as its human capital efficiency, are a key resource for commercial success. The objective of this research is to empirically investigate the relationship between human capital efficiency (as measured by value-added human capital) and the financial and market performance of companies listed on the Main Board and Alternative Exchange (ALT-X) of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Return on assets, revenue growth and headline earnings per share were used as financial performance indicators; while market-to-book ratio and total share return were used to measure market performance. Multivariate regressions were performed, with panel data covering 390 companies in the financial, basic materials, consumer services, consumer goods, industrial and technology industries from 2001 to 2011. First, human capital efficiency was found to have no effect on the market performance of listed companies in South Africa. Secondly, higher human capital efficiency was found to result in the extraction of greater returns from both tangible and intangible assets in all industries. Thirdly, higher profitability was found to be associated with higher human capital efficiency in almost every industry in South Africa, with the exception of the technology industry, where human capital efficiency was found to be independent of headline earnings per share. Finally, higher revenue growth was found to be positively associated with human capital efficiency in those industries which are not consumer-driven. In the consumer-driven industries, human capital efficiency contributes to bottom line profitability even though it is not a driver for revenue growth. Overall, the results of this study confirm that human capital efficiency enhances a company’s financial performance, whether it be through a greater capacity for production and service delivery, tighter cost controls or better use of company resources. Management in all South African industries are encouraged to develop the value-creating abilities of their employees through employer-driven personnel enrichment and training programs and by incentivising workers to pursue further education.

scholarly journals Can South Africa sustain and diversify its exports?

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Matthee ◽  
Ernst Idsardi ◽  
Waldo Krugell
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Intensive Margin ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Low Levels

The aim of this paper is to examine the diversification of South Africa’s exports over the period 1994 to 2012. A decomposition of export growth shows that exports of non-fuel primary commodities as well as medium-skill and technology-intensive manufactured products increased. The largest decrease was in the export of resource-intensive manufactures. These changes reflect South Africa’s endowment of relatively low levels of physical and human capital. The analysis shows that export products that are further from the country’s comparative advantage, make smaller contributions to growth in the intensive margin. It clearly shows the challenge of sustainably diversifying the export basket.

Inter- and Intra-industry Trade Relations between Bangladesh and India: Empirical Results

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-292
Author(s):  
Anisul M. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Economic Ties

Bangladesh and India are two neighbouring countries in South Asia having strong political, diplomatic, trade and economic ties with each other. This article reviews and updates on the inter- and intra-industry trade relationship between these two countries using more recent data. More specifically, it examines the relative position of the two countries in global trade followed by trends and patters of bilateral trade using aggregative data. At a disaggregate level, the commodity composition of Bangladesh exports to and imports from India by major product categories is examined focusing on the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) to review and update the degree of inter-industry trade. Further, the Grubel–Lloyd index (GLI; Grubel & Lloyd, 1975 ) is examined to measure the degree of intra-industry trade by major commodity groups. The article finds that India has a much stronger relative position in the global trade vis-à-vis Bangladesh. India is also found to dominate Bangladesh in bilateral trade, resulting in a very large and persistent trade deficit of Bangladesh with India. At a disaggregated level, the article finds that India has a comparative advantage in more products than Bangladesh and that the GLI shows that the degree of intra-industry trade is almost negligible between the two countries.

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