scholarly journals Steering Spatial Development in the Vienna Agglomeration

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Thomas Dillinger
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The North ◽  
Network Platform ◽  
The Government ◽  
Area North ◽  
North And South

After the falling down of the “iron curtain” Vienna starts to grow again. It is now a metropolitan area with about 2.6 Mio. inhabitants. Vienna is surrounded by Lower Austria, which is one of the nine countries (Bundesländer) of Austria. Spatial Planning is based on the Austrian Constitution a complex matter. The Federal State, the Countries and the Municipalities have competences in Spatial Planning. Thus, in the agglomeration we are confronted with different spatial planning legislation, instruments and institution.In this situation basically three instruments have been developed to steer spatial development in the Vienna agglomeration: Lower Austria has passed two legally binding spatial development programmes as framework for spatial development in the municipalities around Vienna. Besides that, Vienna and Lower Austria established a “Stadt-Umland-Management” (North and South). This management is an association acts as a cooperation and network platform with no legal competences. Just recently a new “regional master plan” has been elaborated in the North of Vienna. The Master Plan was drafted in a participatory approach. A steering group with representatives (mayors) of all Municipalities and the Government of Lower Austria was formed. All planning steps have been discussed and decided involving the Municipalities and formally approved in the so called “Regional form” where all Municipalities and the Lower Austrian Government have a vote. More specific this plan is a spatial framework for the municipalities in terms of building land for housing, economic activities and protection of green zones of regional importance. The paper concentrates on experiences made in in the drafting process of this new “regional master plan” in the Vienna agglomeration area North of Vienna.

REGULATION URGENCY CONCERNING ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTION GUIDELINES IN SPACE ADMINISTRATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhmat Bowo Suharto
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Administrative Sanction ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Welfare State

The spatial development can be supported by sustainable development, efforts are needed to divert space through the imposition of sanctions on administration in the spatial field. In the context of a legal state, sanctions must be taken while ensuring their legality in order to provide legal protection for citizens. The problem is, the construction of administrative regulations in Law No. 26 of 2007 and PP No. 15 of 2010 contains several weaknesses so that it is not enough to provide clear arrangements for administrative officials who impose sanctions. For this reason, an administration is required which requires administrative officials to request administrative approval in the spatial planning sector. The success of the regulation requires that it is the foundation of the welfare state principle which demands the government to activate people's welfare. 15 of 2010, the main things that need to be regulated therein should include (1) the mechanism of imposing sanctions: (2) determination of the type and burden of sanctions; and (3) legal protection and supervision by the region.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES IN IMPACTS OF HYDROELETRIC DAMS BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH OF BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILLAUME LETURCQ
Keyword(s):  
Hydroelectric Dams ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Area North ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South ◽  
Belo Monte

Abstract The environmental impacts of hydroelectric dams in Brazil are investigated in local and regional scales, for the last years. In this paper, we analyze the impact than the establishment of a hydroelectric dam has for the people and their spaces, with the comparative experiences occurred for the North and South of Brazil. We will focus on aspects related to the organization of families, social fight, the compensation and resettlement of people affected by the dam's construction, as well we take a look to the similarities between the two areas, with emphasis on aspects related to migration, mobility and landscapes. For this, we rely on research carried out on the river Uruguay (South), based on interviews, questionnaires and studies of primary and secondary sources, from 2007 to 2014 and also in a survey that is currently being held in Belo Monte area (North), which also uses primary and secondary sources, with fieldwork periods.

scholarly journals III. Account of three unpublished Greek Coins, in Letters from the Rev. Stephen Weston, B.D. F.R.S. and F.A.S. to the Earl of Leicester, President

Archaeologia ◽  
1812 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Stephen Weston
Keyword(s):  
Free State ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government ◽  
North And South

I have the honour to present to your Lordship and the Society, for their inspection, a curious, unpublished, autonomous, small brass coin of Sala in Phrygia, in fine preservation, of excellent workmanship, and undoubted antiquity. The type of this coin is a bearded, and laureated head, and on the reverse a bunch of grapes with the letters CAΛH very distinct: the NΩN, or termination of the word CAΛHNΩN, is now not visible, owing to the nun, omega, and nun, having been clipped, in order to reduce the size of, the coin, that it might be set as a gem. This we know has been sometimes the case with coins of superior workmanship. The position of Sala was upon the Mænder, between Pylaceum and Gazèna, to the north and south of it, making the boundary of Phrygia towards Lycia. Its longitude, in Mercator's map, is from Ptolemy 60–15, and latitude, which is reckoned, after its longitude, is 38–20. It lies on the river to the west of Mount Taurus, between the Lycus and the Mænder. This Sala, in Phrygia magna, is not mentioned by Stephanus Byzantinus, Strabo, or D'Anville; and, although passed over in silence by these great names in geography, richly deserves to be recorded, were it only for its excellence in the numismatic art, in its free state, and under the government of its own laws.

STRATEGIC GROUNDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FARMING IN THE NORTHWEST

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1190-1204
Author(s):  
E.A. Shepeleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Federal State ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The need to formulate a strategy for the development of farms in the North-West of the Russian Federation is confirmed by the fact of their significant contribution to maintaining rural areas and ensuring food security in the region. The article proposes recommendations for creating strategic foundations for the development of peasant farm enterprises in the North-West of the Russian Federation, which can be used by the authorities when developing such a strategy. The study is based on the works of both domestic and foreign scientists-economists dealing with the issues of strategic planning considering farms and identifies various nuances of this issue. According to the foreign researchers, it is important for a farmer to find his competitive advantage, and this must be done taking into account the assessment of internal and external opportunities and threats. The analysis used the data of the Federal State Statistics Service for the municipal districts of the Northwestern Federal District, as well as methods of socio-economic analysis, economic and statistical (groupings), SWOT analysis, the problem tree method, the method of typing the municipal districts by A.I. Kostyaev. The study made it possible to propose recommendations for the formation of a strategic framework for developing farms in the North-West of the Russian Federation. Main scenarios for the development of this category of farms in accordance with the determined types of municipal districts and the classification of alternative farming strategies existing in modern science were identified, and SWOT was carried out, i.e., the analysis of the peasant farm enterprise development from the point of view of the farmer and the state. Also a problem tree for developing these farms was built, taking into account the specifics of the Northwestern Federal District, which made it possible to identify the difficulties that hinder the successful functioning of farms. In order to improve the functioning of peasant farm enterprises in the region, measures are recommended that should become the basis for the development strategy of these farms in the North-West of the Russian Federation, including: increasing state support, improving the legal framework, expanding educational programs and consulting activities, supporting the sales market by the government authorities.

Food

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-101
Author(s):  
Judkin Browning ◽  
Timothy Silver
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Riots ◽  
The Government ◽  
North And South

This chapter discusses the ways that the North and South provided food for their armies and civilians, and the difficulties they encountered. The South struggled mightily to provide enough food for its residents, while the North thoroughly succeeded, thanks to several innovations in harvesting, canning, and transporting food. Southern farmers proved unable to provide enough food because of fields ruined by the weather, Union occupation, or confiscation by both armies. Food riots broke out throughout the South as a result of the shortages, and the government tried to respond with various relief measures. The chapter discusses the role of food in the second battle of Bull Run, Antietam, Chancellorsville, and especially the devastating use of food (or its lack) as a weapon during the siege of Vicksburg. It discusses the effects of starvation faced by the soldiers and civilians in that besieged city in the summer of 1863.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Production—Living—Ecological Space in a Central Urban Area Based on POI Data: A Case Study for Wuhan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7691
Author(s):  
Chun Fu ◽  
Xiaoqiang Tu ◽  
An Huang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Production Space

Cities are the main carriers of high population agglomeration and socio-economic activities and are also the areas where contradictions among production, living, and ecological space are concentrated. Effective identification of Production—Living—Ecological space is conducive to the balanced and sustainable development of urban space. First, this paper analyzes the formation mechanism and connotation of urban Production—Living—Ecological space and constructs the classification system of point-of-interest (POI) data. Then, it identifies the Production—Living—Ecological space in the central urban area of Wuhan effectively by using the analytic hierarchy process, spatial analysis method, and the quadrat proportion method and verifies the accuracy of Production—Living—Ecological space by the sampling verification method. Last but not least, it adopts spatial auto-correlation analysis and Geo-detector to reveal spatial heterogeneity and its driving factors. The results indicate that: (1) The overall accuracy of the identification accuracy test of Production—Living—Ecological space in Wuhan is 92.86%. (2) There is a significant spatial correlation among production space, living space, and ecological space in the central urban area of Wuhan with living space being the dominant space and production space the secondary space intersected and embedded in the north and south banks of the Yangtze River. (3) Results of the analysis of the driving factor show that elements comprising life services, corporate enterprises, and scenic spots play a leading role in realizing the living space, the production space, and the ecological space, respectively, and the interactions between these elements have a significant driving effect on the three types of space. The results prove that POI big data are more scientific and practical in urban spatial planning, and it can provide a useful reference for the sustainable development of spatial planning.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UNA-SANA CANTON RELIEF AS SPATIAL PLANNING FACTOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 197-208
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Planning Factor ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Given ◽  
Spatial Plan

In preparation of spatial plans a significant place belongs to geomorphologic characteristics of the given area. With analysis of general geomorphologic characteristics, the particular relief units and their elements are distinguished, by which global and specific characteristics of relief may be noticed. This reflects on the level of complexity of the analysis of geomorphologic features in the spatial plan, and with proper evaluation of macro-relief characteristics of the observed area, a high level of valorisation of their values is achieved. For the purpose of analysis of morphological features of the Una-Sana Canton relief, the following quantitative geomorphologic methods are applied: analysis of hypsometric relations, analysis of slopes, analysis of vertical diversity of relief and analysis of expositions. Results of the analysis indicate to a high level of dependence of distribution of settlements and economic activities on morphologic features of relief, as well as on futher opportunities of spatial development of the Canton.

scholarly journals Impact of Boko Haram Insurgency on the Socioeconomic Development of Borno State, Northern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
Sarki S.M. ◽  
Solomon B.L. ◽  
Kaka O.J.
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
The North ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of Boko Haram Insurgency on the socio-economic development of Borno State, Nigeria. Three research objectives, three research questions and three research hypotheses were formulated to guide this study. The study was based on the Karl Marx Theory of Violence Conflict. The study was a descriptive survey and was carried out in Borno State. A sample size of 400 respondents was determined using the Taro Yamani formula. The respondents were made up of Military personnel and civilians which were selected based on a multi-stage sampling technique. Questionnaire and Interview were the instruments used for data collection. The instrument gave high reliability of 0.84 when subjected to a reliability test using the Cronbach Alpha method. Collated data from the study were analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation and regression analysis. Results from this study showed that there existed a weak relationship between Boko Haram insurgency and economic activities, food, security, and educational development in Borno State. The study concluded that the Boko Haram situation demands the articulation of a comprehensive strategy and the political will to address its root causes and dangerous dynamics, focusing on inhibiting opportunities for recruitment and radicalization, and choke its financial windpipe, amongst others. The study noted that the Nigerian military has too often taken civilian casualties too easy into account. By killing citizens in the North, the population's frustration against the military increases, thereby increasing Boko Haram's appeal as an alternative. Thus, it recommended that the government should rather put its focus on the protection of civilians, witnesses and key peacemakers such as moderate Imams who preach against the insurgency.

scholarly journals Boko Haram Terrorism and a Threat to Right to Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Ayobami Samson Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
The North ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
North And South

The government shall direct its policy towards giving to the citizens equal and adequate educational opportunities at all levels. Although, not classified as a fundamental right, this constitutional prescription remains at the forefront of the basic objectives of the Nigerian government; yet, despite this laudable objective, the Northern region of Nigeria has a consistent record of low enrolment rate of indigenous pupils in schools, thereby creating a noticeable disparity between the North and South of Nigeria in terms of education. It is against this background that this paper discusses the evolution, incidences and enabling circumstances of Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria and its effects on education, particularly in the areas affected. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the long term consequences of the Boko Haram terrorism on the right to education, as guaranteed by the 1999 constitution, in the affected areas of Nigeria. The paper traces the origin and factors that aided the Boko Haram terrorism. It also considers the extent of the effectiveness of the response of the Nigerian government in tackling the problem. The findings prove that, although the response of the government has been active, yet it has not been effective in curtailing the terrorist activities. This has negatively impacted on education in the affected areas of the Northern Nigeria. The paper suggested measures to address the problem.

Civil Rights in Northern Ireland

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Roman Catholics ◽  
Emotional Disposition ◽  
North And South ◽  
Historical Origins

The contemporary position of Roman Catholics in Northern Ireland (Ulster), is inextricably entwined in historical origins of religious, political, economic and social webs. Depending upon one's knowledge of history or emotional disposition, it can be traced back to Strongbow in the tenth century, or to the defeat of James II in 1690. For the more pragmatic and less academic, the Government of Ireland Act of 1920 and the London Agreement of 1925, which divided Ireland into the North and South, will suffice. While many will disagree, it seems that most Irish, North or South, if pressed long and hard enough, admit that the basis of the conflict is partition of the six counties in the North (Antrim, Armagh, Derry, Donegal, Fermanagh and Tyrone) from the 26 counties in the South.

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