scholarly journals Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Volcanic Tuff (Malatya, Turkey) Used as Building Stone for the Restoring Cultural Heritage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muslum Murat Maras ◽  
Mehmet Metin Kose ◽  
Tamer Rızaoglu
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Mechanical And Microstructural Properties

Old stone buildings constitute a significant percentage of the residential buildings in many countries. These structures are highly vulnerable, and important losses in masonry structures occur even in moderate earthquakes. Therefore, safety evaluations of these structures have gained significant attention in recent years. In this study, the mechanical, physical and microstructural characteristics of tuff samples used in the old buildings were investigated in Battalgazi within the boundaries of Malatya Province during the Seljuk time. The characteristics of the building materials were examined in detail using in-situ and laboratory tests. Because adequate samples could not be obtained from the historical buildings, quarry areas with the same characteristics were identified. First, original building stone (OBS) used in construction was taken from fallen and unusable blocks. Then, the properties of the restoration building stones (RBS) brought from the quarries were investigated. The RBS samples were also examined using in the laboratory, and the mechanical and microstructural properties of the building components were determined. The dynamic and static moduli of elasticity were determined using ultrasonic pulse velocity and uniaxial compression test. The OBS and RBS samples yielded similar results after the microstructural analyses. Our results showed that the dynamic elastic modulus value was higher than the static elastic modulus value. The results revealed by both methods showed that the static and dynamic elastic moduli were closely linked. The OBS and RBS samples exhibited microlitic porphyritic and vesicular textures and nearly the same mineralogical and textural characteristics.

scholarly journals Correlation between Uniaxial Compression Test and Ultrasonic Pulse Rate in Cement with Different Pozzolanic Additions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3747
Author(s):  
Leticia Presa ◽  
Jorge L. Costafreda ◽  
Domingo Alfonso Martín
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Pozzolanic Cement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compression Resistance

This work aims to study the relationship between the compression resistance and velocity from ultrasonic pulses in samples of mortars with 25% of pozzolanic content. Pozzolanic cement is a low-priced sustainable material that can reduce costs and CO2 emissions that are produced in the manufacturing of cement from the calcination of calcium carbonate. Using ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) to estimate the compressive resistance of mortars with pozzolanic content reduces costs when evaluating the quality of structures built with this material since it is not required to perform an unconfined compression test. The objective of this study is to establish a correlation in order to estimate the compression resistance of this material from its ultrasonic pulse velocity. For this purpose, we studied a total of 16 cement samples, including those with additions of pozzolanic content with different compositions and a sample without any additions. The results obtained show the mentioned correlation, which establishes a basis for research with a higher number of samples to ascertain if it holds true at greater curing ages.

scholarly journals Effect of Stone Dust on the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Opc based Concrete Subjected to Acid Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7488-7492 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Acid Exposure ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Stone Dust ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mechanical And Microstructural Properties

A separate approach of sustainable development is to make the structures durable. More durable structures need to be replaced less frequently and will reduce the need for cement. Such increase in durability can be achieved by choosing appropriate mix designs and selecting suitable aggregates and admixtures. In this experiment sand (fine aggregate) is partially replaced by stone dust to make the concrete mix sustainable in nature. This study also investigates the durability of different types of concrete in acid exposure. Cube compressive strengths of different mixes have been compared to see how the concrete strength differs from original mixes. In addition different types of non-destructive tests such as ultrasonic pulse velocity test, rebound hammer test and half-cell potential tests have also been performed on the concrete samples for better analysis of their strength and durability characteristics. Specimens were analysed through the Scanning Electron Microscope to understand the microstructural changes of concrete samples. Energy dispersion X-ray analysis was also done to understand the changes in the nature of the hydration products of some specimen.

Effect of high temperature on the mechanical behavior of cement-bonded wood composite produced with wood waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Mehmet Canbaz ◽  
İlkay Kara ◽  
İlker Bekir Topçu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Wood Composite ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Composite Production ◽  
Materials Used

The increase in the population day by day and urbanization has led to a rapid increase in the construction sector. With the increase in demand in construction, the product types of building materials are increasing. It is seen that wastes are formed during and after the production of the materials used in the building. This highlights studies on waste management and recycling of waste.  After construction activities, wastes are recycled or converted to secondary products. One of these is wood waste, a traditional building material. In addition to the production of wood furniture, it is used in various areas from the beginning of construction to the end of the building. In this study, sawdust, which is the waste of a woodworking company, was used. Utilizing the advantages of wood, recyclable and sustainable cement bonded wood composite production practices have been explored. It is aimed to produce nature and environment friendly, ecological and economic and durable composite materials. In this research, it is aimed to determine the optimum ratio by using different ratios of sawdust-cement while keeping the water-cement ratio constant in production. The specimens taken from the production were exposed to high temperature after gaining strength. The strength results, unit weights and ultrasonic pulse velocity results of cement bonded wood composite samples exposed to high temperature were examined. Although cement bonded wood composites are exposed to high temperatures such as 400°C, it has been observed that strength is achieved. With this study, an alternative area was proposed for the evaluation of these wastes.

scholarly journals Verifying Moisture Damage Impact in Asphalt Concrete with the Aid of Nondestructive Test NDT

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Saad Issa Sarsam ◽  
Nazar Sajad Kadium
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Base Course ◽  
The Impact

One of the major concerns of pavement durability is its susceptibility to moisture damage. In this investigation, non-destructive test NDT has been implemented to detect the moisture damage issue. Asphalt concrete specimens were prepared using the traditional Marshall method for wearing, binder and asphalt stabilized base course. Specimens were traversed by ultrasound pulse velocity before and after practicing the moisture damage procedure. The variation of dynamic and elastic modulus before and after the moisture damage was considered and related to tensile strength ratio TSR. It was noted that the pulse velocity decline by (11, 11.2 and 16.4) % and the dynamic modulus declines by (28, 6.6 and 28.5) % for asphalt concrete wearing, binder and base courses respectively after moisture damage. The elastic modulus exhibits no significant variation after moisture damage for wearing course while it declines by (9 and 11.7) % for binder and base courses respectively after moisture damage. It was concluded that the elastic and dynamic moduli were unable to clearly distinguish the impact of moisture damage, whereas the Seismic modulus calculated from the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test was effective in distinguishing such impact. The linear equation obtained with good coefficient of determination can explain 74 % of the variation in the seismic modulus after moisture damage.

scholarly journals Effect of Peat on Physicomechanical Properties of Cemented Brick

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Mofachirul Islam ◽  
Roslan Hashim ◽  
A. B. M. Saiful Islam ◽  
Ryan Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Materials Used

The popularity of low cost, lightweight, and environmentally affable masonry unit in building industry carries the need to investigate more flexible and adaptable brick component as well as to retain the requirements confirmed in building standards. In this study, potential use of local materials used as lightweight building materials in solving the economic problems of housing has been investigated. Experimental studies on peat added bricks have been carried out. It demonstrates the physicomechanical properties of bricks and investigates the influence of peat, sand, and cement solid bricks to the role of various types of constructional applications. The achieved compressive strength, spitting strength, flexural strength, unit weight, and ultrasonic pulse velocity are significantly reduced and the water absorption is increased with percentage wise replacement of peat as aggregate in the samples. The maximum 20% of (% mass) peat content meets the requirements of relevant well-known international standards. The experimental values illustrate that, the 44% volumetric replacement with peat did not exhibit any sudden brittle fracture even beyond the ultimate loads and a comparatively smooth surface is found. The application of peat as efficient brick substance shows a potential to be used for wall and a viable solution in the economic buildings design.

Examining the Influence of the Shape, Size, and Type of Test Specimens on the Value of Young's Modulus in Lightweight Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Dalibor Kocáb ◽  
Petr Daněk ◽  
Petr Žítt ◽  
Aleš Tichý ◽  
Martin Alexa
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity

The paper discusses the results of an experiment that focused on measuring Young's modulus in compression using several different specimens. They were made from lightweight concrete with porous aggregate and differed in shape (cylinder × prism), type (casting × core drilling), and size. Each type category counted a minimum of 6 specimens. The determination of Young's modulus was supplemented by a measurement of the dynamic modulus of elasticity determined by the ultrasonic pulse velocity test. The experiment was concluded by a statistical analysis of the measured values, which focused on the influence of each specimen variety on the value of the elastic modulus.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Modified Rubberized Concrete Exposed to Aggressive Environments

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Akram M. Mhaya ◽  
Mohammad Hajmohammadian Baghban ◽  
Iman Faridmehr ◽  
Ghasan Fahim Huseien ◽  
Ahmad Razin Zainal Abidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Rubberized Concrete ◽  
Natural Aggregate ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Tire Crumbs

Recycling of the waste rubber tire crumbs (WRTCs) for the concretes production generated renewed interest worldwide. The insertion of such waste as a substitute for the natural aggregates in the concretes is an emergent trend for sustainable development towards building materials. Meanwhile, the enhanced resistance of the concrete structures against aggressive environments is important for durability, cost-saving, and sustainability. In this view, this research evaluated the performance of several modified rubberized concretes by exposing them to aggressive environments i.e., acid, and sulphate attacks, elevated temperatures. These concrete (12 batches) were made by replacing the cement and natural aggregate with an appropriate amount of the granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and WRTCs, respectively. The proposed mix designs’ performance was evaluated by several measures, including the residual compressive strength (CS), weight loss, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), microstructures, etc. Besides, by using the available experimental test database, an optimized artificial neural network (ANN) combined with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) was developed to estimate the residual CS of modified rubberized concrete after immersion one year in MgSO4 and H2SO4 solutions. The results indicated that modified rubberized concrete prepared by 5 to 20% WRTCs as a substitute to natural aggregate, provided lower CS and weight lose expose to sulphate and acid attacks compared to control specimen prepared by ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Although the CS were slightly declined at the elevated temperature, these proposed mix designs have a high potential for a wide variety of concrete industrial applications, especially in acid and sulphate risk.

Anisotropy in ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic elastic constants of laminated sandstone

2020 ◽  
pp. qjegh2020-101
Author(s):  
Amin Jamshidi ◽  
Mehdi Torabi-Kaveh
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Anisotropic Behaviour ◽  
Increasing Trend

Some rocks of the crust, such as sandstones, contain fabric elements including lamination. In general, these rocks show anisotropic behaviour. In this study, anisotropic behaviour of ultrasonic pulse velocities (Vp and Vs) and dynamic elastic constants (elastic modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio (ν)) were investigated for a laminated sandstone. For this purpose, some cylindrical specimens of the sandstone were prepared at angles (β) of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° to lamination direction. The Vp, Vs, E and ν were measured for the specimens for the different β values. The study confirms that anisotropy is one of the most important factors affecting V­, Vs, E and ν. The obtained results reveal that Vp, Vs and E show a decreasing trend with an increase in β from 0° to 90°; whereas ν shows an increasing trend. According to the values of maximum and minimum Vp, Vs, E and ν for different β values, anisotropy ratios for sandstone samples are 1.16, 1.26, 1.52 and 1.15, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that calculated Vp, Vs, E and ν corresponding to different β values are useful for the analysis and design of geotechnical projects in the absence of borehole explorations.

REVIEW PAPER ON NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND THEIR ACCURACIES TO MEASURE THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adan Bishar Hussein ◽  
Mohamed Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Destructive Test ◽  
Non Destructive

This paper aims to respond to these concerns through the identification and explanation of the most popular and effective NDT approaches in concrete structures and also their accuracies. The fundamentals of the non-destructive test methods are discussed in terms of their capacity, limits, inspection techniques and interpretations. Factors that affect the performance of NDT an approach are discussed and means of mediate their influence was suggested. Ultrasonic pulse velocity and SONREB methods of Non-destructive test are showed in this paper as past experiments of NDT. NDT of concrete was found to be increasingly recognized as a way of measuring the strength, integrity, resilience and other properties of existing concrete structures, Perceptions of NDT inadequacy are attributed to lack of knowledge of the building materials and the NDT approaches themselves. The goal of this paper is to resolve these issues reviewing some articles already done and defining and discussing the most common popular NDT methods applied to concrete structures.

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