scholarly journals Economic Assessment of Power Grid Development Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Nur Afandi ◽  
Aji P. Wibawa ◽  
Syaad Patmantara ◽  
Goro Fujita ◽  
Slamet Hani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
System Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Weighting Factor ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Bee Colony

The electricity system is generally rapidly developing for covering various power demands with requiring a reliable and safe supply where the substructures are expanding further in generation systems, transmission systems, and distribution systems. However, the system must be run economically to access energy at a cost-effective level related to existing energy enterprises and energy consumption in the load which is represented periodically in the total costs of operations for all operating units. As a basis for its determination, the transmission of economic power within the technical limits applicable is taken into consideration. Environmental factors, on the other hand, are also an impediment to technical limitations. As a result, the operation's economic measure is expressed in the process of providing and selling energy to customers. These works use the Artificial Bees Colony algorithm to determine the scheduling of generating units using the basic principle of optimization to describe its relationship as an economic function. The IEEE-30 bus system is used as a basic model for system development. The analysis' findings show that the weighting factor scheme has an impact on the minimum total cost and that the combination of the electricity distribution process and environmental factors has implications for the operational financial condition and electricity production. The power output, in particular, is proportional to the cost of each generating unit.

Weighting Factor for Seasonal Subgrade Resilient Modulus

1998 ◽  
Vol 1619 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Guan ◽  
Eric C. Drumm ◽  
N. Mike Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weighting Factor ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Subgrade Modulus

Subgrade resilient modulus is highly dependent on water content, which can vary significantly with a number of seasonal environmental factors. Because the determination of seasonal resilient modulus is cumbersome, it is difficult to include environmental factors in pavement design. The use of a weighting factor for flexible pavement design to include the effects of monthly changes in the subgrade resilient modulus is described. The weighting factor, which was derived from Miner’s linear damage concept and the 1993 AASHTO design equation for flexible pavements, is used to designate a design season. Instead of using multiple values of resilient modulus in the pavement design process, the pavement design may be performed with a single value of subgrade modulus corresponding to this design season. A pavement design based on this design season then is assumed to reflect the seasonal variations in subgrade modulus and the corresponding relative damage that the pavement would sustain over al seasons of the year. The weighting factor can be calculated from laboratory tests of resilient modulus over the range of water contents that may be encountered in the subgrade over different seasons. Alternatively, the weighting factor can be obtained from the resilient modulus backcalculated from seasonal nondestructive tests. The determination of the weighting factor and the design season resilient modulus was demonstrated in three examples and shown to be consistent with the recommendations of the 1993 AASHTO guide. The use of the weighting factor should provide a cost-effective means of including seasonal variations in subgrade properties while minimizing the required number of laboratory resilient modulus tests.

Differentiation of new coenomorph in context of the Belgard’s ecomorph system development

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Baranovski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
System Development ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

Nowadays, bioecological characteristics of species are the basis for flora and vegetation studying on the different levels. Bioecological characteristics of species is required in process of flora studying on the different levels such as biotopes or phytocenoses, floras of particular areas (floras of ecologically homogeneous habitats), and floras of certain territories. Ramensky scale is the one of first detailed ecological scales on plant species ordination in relation to various environmental factors; it developed in 1938 (Ramensky, 1971). A little later (1941), Pogrebnyak’s scale of forest stands was proposed. Ellenberg’s system developed in 1950 (Ellenberg, 1979) and Tsyganov’s system (Tsyganov, 1975) are best known as the systems of ecological scales on vascular plant species; these systems represent of habitat detection by ecotopic ecomorphs of plant species (phytoindication). Basically, the system proposed by Alexander Lyutsianovich Belgard was the one of first system of plant species that identiified ectomorphs in relation to environmental factors. As early as 1950, Belgard developed the tabulated system of ecomorphs using the Latin ecomorphs abbreviation; he also used the terminology proposed in the late 19th century by Dekandol (1956) and Warming (1903), as well as terminology of other authors. The article analyzes the features of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs on vascular plants. It has certain significance and advantages over other systems of ecomorphs. The use of abbreviated Latin names of ecomorphs in tabular form enables the use shortened form of ones. In the working scheme of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs relation of species to environmental factors are represented in the abbreviated Latin alphabetic version (Belgard, 1950). Combined into table, the ecomorphic analysis of plant species within association (ecological certification of species), biotope or area site (water area) gives an explicit pattern on ecological structure of flora within surveyed community, biotope or landscape, and on environmental conditions. Development and application by Belgrard the cenomorphs as «species’ adaptation to phytocenosis as a whole» were completely new in the development of systems of ecomorphs and, in this connection, different coenomorphs were distinguished. Like any concept, the system of ecomorphs by Belgard has the possibility and necessity to be developed and added. Long-time researches and analysis of literature sources allow to propose a new coenomorph in the context of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs development: silvomargoant (species of forest margin, from the Latin words margo – edge, boundary (Dvoretsky, 1976), margo – margin, ad margins silvarum – along the deciduous forest margins). As an example of ecomorphic characterization of species according to the system of ecomorphs by Belgard (when the abbreviated Latin ecomorph names are used in tabular form and the proposed cenomorph is used), it was given the part of the table on vascular plants ecomorphs in the National Nature Park «Orelsky» (Baranovsky et al). The Belgard’s system of ecomorphs is particularly convenient and can be successfully applied to data processing in the ecological analysis of the flora on wide areas with significant species richness, and the proposed ecomorph will be another necessary element in the Belgard’s system of ecomorphs. 

scholarly journals Screening for Melanoma by Primary Health Care Physicians: A Cost—Effectiveness Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afaf Girgis ◽  
Philip Clarke ◽  
Robert C Burton ◽  
Rob W Sanson—Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Family Practitioners ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Primary Health Care Physicians ◽  
Melanoma Screening

Background and design— Australia has the highest rates of skin cancer in the world, and the incidence is estimated to be doubling every 10 years. Despite advances in the early detection and treatment of melanoma about 800 people still die nationally of the disease each year. A possible strategy for further reducing the mortality from melanoma is an organised programme of population screening for unsuspected lesions in asymptomatic people. Arguments against introducing melanoma screening have been based on cost and the lack of reliable data on the efficacy of any screening tests. To date, however, there has been no systematic economic assessment of the cost effectiveness of melanoma screening. The purpose of this research was to determine whether screening may be potentially cost effective and, therefore, warrants further investigation. A computer was used to simulate the effects of a hypothetical melanoma screening programme that was in operation for 20 years, using cohorts of Australians aged 50 at the start of the programme. Based on this simulation, cost—effectiveness estimates of melanoma screening were calculated. Results— Under the standard assumptions used in the model, and setting the sensitivity of the screening test (visual inspection of the skin) at 60%, cost effectiveness ranged from Aust$6853 per life year saved for men if screening was undertaken five yearly to $12137 if screening was two yearly. For women, it ranged from $11 102 for five yearly screening to $20 877 for two yearly screening. Conclusion— The analysis suggests that a melanoma screening programme could be cost effective, particularly if five yearly screening is implemented by family practitioners for men over the age of 50.

An approach to neural network analysis of text information in the economic assessment of companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1574-1594
Author(s):  
Aleksandr R. NEVREDINOV
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Textual Information ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Management Decision Making

Subject. When evaluating enterprises, maximum accuracy and comprehensiveness of analysis are important, although the use of various indicators of organization’s financial condition and external factors provide a sufficiently high accuracy of forecasting. Many researchers are increasingly focusing on the natural language processing to analyze various text sources. This subject is extremely relevant against the needs of companies to quickly and extensively analyze their activities. Objectives. The study aims at exploring the natural language processing methods and sources of textual information about companies that can be used in the analysis, and developing an approach to the analysis of textual information. Methods. The study draws on methods of analysis and synthesis, systematization, formalization, comparative analysis, theoretical and methodological provisions contained in domestic and foreign scientific works on text analysis, including for purposes of company evaluation. Results. I offer and test an approach to using non-numeric indicators for company analysis. The paper presents a unique model, which is created on the basis of existing developments that have shown their effectiveness. I also substantiate the use of this approach to analyze a company’s condition and to include the analysis results in models for overall assessment of the state of companies. Conclusions. The findings improve scientific and practical understanding of techniques for the analysis of companies, the ways of applying text analysis, using machine learning. They can be used to support management decision-making to automate the analysis of their own and other companies in the market, with which they interact.

scholarly journals A Vision-Based Approach for Sidewalk and Walkway Trip Hazards Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8438
Author(s):  
Rachel Cohen ◽  
Geoff Fernie ◽  
Atena Roshan Fekr
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Edge Detection ◽  
Gaussian Process ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Gaussian Process Regression ◽  
Region Growing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Regression Techniques

Tripping hazards on the sidewalk cause many falls annually, and the inspection and repair of these hazards cost cities millions of dollars. Currently, there is not an efficient and cost-effective method to monitor the sidewalk to identify any possible tripping hazards. In this paper, a new portable device is proposed using an Intel RealSense D415 RGB-D camera to monitor the sidewalks, detect the hazards, and extract relevant features of the hazards. This paper first analyzes the effects of environmental factors contributing to the device’s error and compares different regression techniques to calibrate the camera. The Gaussian Process Regression models yielded the most accurate predictions with less than 0.09 mm Mean Absolute Errors (MAEs). In the second phase, a novel segmentation algorithm is proposed that combines the edge detection and region-growing techniques to detect the true tripping hazards. Different examples are provided to visualize the output results of the proposed method.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in promotion of breast-feeding and reduction of late neonatal infant mortality in Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Osvaldinete Lopes de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Marina Ferreira Rea ◽  
Flávia Mori Sarti ◽  
Gabriela Buccini
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Objective: To analyse the cost-effectiveness of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) in promoting breast-feeding during the first hour of life (BFFHL) and reducing late neonatal mortality. Design: Cost-effectiveness economic assessment from the health system perspective, preceded by a prospective cohort of mother–baby followed from birth to 6 months of life. The direct costs associated with two health outcomes were analysed: intermediate end point (BFFHL) and final end point (reduction in late neonatal mortality). Setting: Study was carried out in six hospitals in the city of São Paulo (Brazil), three being Baby-Friendly Hospitals (BFH) and three non-BFH. Participants: Mothers with 24 h postpartum, over 18 years old, single fetus and breast-feeding at the time of the interview were included. Poisson regressions adjusted for maternal age and level of education were estimated to identify factors related to BFFHL and late neonatal mortality. Sensitivity analysis was performed to ensure robustness of the economic assessment. Results: Cost-effectiveness analysis showed that BFHI was highly cost-effective in raising BFFHL by 32·0 % at lower cost in comparison with non-BFHI. In addition, BFHI was cost-effective in reducing late neonatal mortality rate by 13·0 % from all causes and by 13·1 % of infant mortality rate from infections. Conclusions: The cost-effectiveness of the BFHI in promoting breast-feeding and reducing neonatal mortality rates justifies the investments required for its expansion within the Brazilian health system.

scholarly journals Economic aspects of management and planning of waste processing system development

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 02079
Author(s):  
Edvard Tshovrebov ◽  
Evgeniy Velichko ◽  
Ural Niyazgulov ◽  
Yuliya Sadchikova
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Production And Consumption

Annually, increasing volumes of industrial and municipal waste generation and disposal, leading to increasing anthropogenic environmental and sanitary-epidemiological pressure on the environment and, as a consequence, significant environmental damage and associated economic damage to natural ecosystems, represent one of the main threats to environmental safety territories, life and health of the population. At the same time, numerous valuable components extracted from processed production and consumption wastes can be an important source of reserve for the development of industries and sectors of the economy, entrepreneurial activities in the use of secondary resources for production, services, works and energy. This factor dictates the need to search for new sound management, economic, organizational and technical approaches and solutions to lawmaking, planning and forecasting the cost-effective organization of the system of separate collection, processing, disposal, disposal of production and consumption waste, the development of an appropriate industrial, scientific and technological infrastructure, increasing the share of secondary material and energy resources extracted from waste, the development of instruments of state oh support and economic incentives for this activity.

scholarly journals “It’s Important but, on What Level?”: Healthy Cooking Meanings and Barriers to Healthy Eating among University Students

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2309
Author(s):  
Mercedes Vélez-Toral ◽  
Carmen Rodríguez-Reinado ◽  
Ana Ramallo-Espinosa ◽  
Montserrat Andrés-Villas
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
University Students ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
The University ◽  
University Setting

The negative impact of a sedentary lifestyle and poor diet on health is evident across the lifespan, but particularly during the university period. Usually, the diet of university students is rich in sweetened drinks and processed foods and low in fruits, vegetables and legumes. Although there is an association between maintaining a healthy diet and the frequency of cooking at home, the time currently spent on cooking or learning how to cook is decreasing globally. The main aim of this study was to explore university students’ perceptions about healthy cooking and barriers to eating healthily. A group of 26 students participated in four focus groups. Content analysis was conducted using Atlas.ti v.8. Students perceived cooking healthily as a more complicated and time-consuming process than cooking in general. Individual and environmental factors were the most reported barriers. Costs and time, among others, were the main barriers pointed out by students with regard to healthy eating. This study highlights the need to develop interventions that modify these false perceptions about cooking healthily, and to train students so that they are able to cook healthy meals in a quick, easy, and cost-effective way. Further, specific actions are required in the university setting to minimize access to unhealthy options and to promote those linked to healthy eating.

scholarly journals Plasma Assisted Combustion as a Cost-Effective Way for Balancing of Intermittent Sources: Techno-Economic Assessment for 200 MWel Power Unit

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5056
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Mączka ◽  
Halina Pawlak-Kruczek ◽  
Lukasz Niedzwiecki ◽  
Edward Ziaja ◽  
Artur Chorążyczewski
Keyword(s):  
Power Unit ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Plasma System ◽  
Value Analysis

Due to the increasing installed power of the intermittent renewable energy sources in the European Union, increasing the operation flexibility of the generating units in the system is necessary. This is particularly important for systems with relatively large installed power of wind and solar. Plasma technologies can be used for that purpose. Nonetheless, the wide implementation of such technology should be economically justified. This paper shows that the use of plasma systems for increasing the flexibility of power units can be economically feasible, based on the results of a net present value analysis. The cost of the installation itself had a marginal effect on the results of the net present value analysis. Based on the performed analysis, the ability to lower the technical minimum of the power unit and the relationship between such a technical minimum and the installed power of a plasma system can be considered decisive factors influencing the economics of the investment for such an installation. Further research on better means of prediction of the minimum attainable load, which would allow determining the influence of implementation of a plasma system, is recommended. This will be the decisive factor behind future decisions regarding investing in such systems.

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