scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Discoloration Generated by a CI ICE's Exhaust Gas on Various Stone Types

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Farkas ◽  
György Szabados ◽  
Ákos Antal ◽  
Ákos Török
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Colour Measurement ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One

The effect of particulate matter - as a component of an internal combustion engine's exhaust gas - on 8 different types of construction materials have been studied under laboratory conditions. Our aim was double. On the one hand it was to investigate the degree of discolouration, whether there is a difference between the 8 types of rock in the same exposure, after laboratory contamination. On the other hand to measure the mass effect of particulate on the rocks. For testing the adverse effects of diesel soot and particulate matter on stones a small scale laboratory exposure chamber was constructed and built in the exhaust system of the engine. A compression ignition engine was used to pollute directly the set of stones. Mass and colour measurement tests have been carried out on the stones before and after the exposure. The result is as expected small difference in the mass properties and a greater changes in terms of colour measurement.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of a one-level eight-channel cyclone-separator incorporating quarter-rings

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-251
Author(s):  
Aleksandras Chlebnikovas
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Cascade Impactor ◽  
Cyclone Separator ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cleaning Device ◽  
The One ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

The main aim of this investigation was an experimental analysis of the air cleaning efficiency in a mock-up next-generation air cleaning device - one-level 8-channel industrial cyclone-separator with quarter-rings - while changing parameters of the inner structure and the assessment of the effects of dispersion of particulate matter. Therefore, the research was carried out in two stages: the first stage covered the analysis of the efficiency of the multi-channel cyclone with particulate matter of <20 and <50 ?m. During the second stage, a cascade impactor was used to measure the particle collection efficiency in the multi-channel cyclone by fractions: PM1, PM2.5 and PM10. Results of the tests with using the cascade impactor were compared to show changes in the PM composition before and after the multi-channel cyclone-separator. According to the obtained experimental data, the one-level 8-channel cyclone-separator collects 70 to 80 % of PM up to 10 ?m in size, 45 to 60 % of PM up to 2.5 ?m in size and 21 to 25 % of PM up to 1 ?m in size.

scholarly journals A method based on ejector technology to suppress the infrared radiation of the special vehicle exhaust gas

2020 ◽  
pp. 315-315
Author(s):  
Yunsong Feng ◽  
Wei Jin ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Yuan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Radiation Intensity ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Special Vehicle

In this study, a method based on ejector technology is proposed to effectively suppress the infrared radiation associated with the exhaust gas of special vehicles such as tanks, armored vehicles, and missile carriers. These vehicles emit exhaust gases at very high temperatures. First, a mathematical model of the exhaust pipe was established for the exhaust system of a certain type of special vehicle. Then, the three-dimensional flow field outside the exhaust pipe was numerically simulated using Fluent 6.3 software. Thus, the temperature, pressure, and density of the exhaust-gas flow field before and after adopting the proposed ejector technique were obtained. Second, the statistical narrowband model based on the Lorentzian profile was used to determine the average absorption coefficient of a narrow band. Then, the finite volume method was used to solve the radiation transfer equation in the gaseous medium. Finally, the spectral radiation brightness and mid-infrared radiation intensity distribution of the exhaust gas before and after adopting the ejector technique were obtained. Results show that the proposed method considerably decreased the infrared radiation intensity of the exhaust gas by approximately 70%. Thus, using the proposed ejector technology, the infrared radiation associated with the exhaust system of special vehicles can be effectively suppressed.

Study of Diabetic Mellitus and Knowledge of Lotion Foot Care on the Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariyadi DM ◽  
Athiyah U ◽  
Hendradi E ◽  
Rosita N ◽  
Erawati T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
T Test ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Diabetic Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

The prevention of Diabetic Mellitus (DM) and its complications is the main aim of this study, in addition to the training of lotion foot care application and the development of small scale industry. The research team delivered knowledge in the form of training on Diabetic Mellitus, healthy food, treatment and prevention of complications, and small-scale production of cosmetic products. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between training on diabetic and lotion foot care application as preventive measures against diabetic complications on the patient's blood glucose levels in the community of residents in Banyuurip Jaya, Surabaya. It was expected from this training that the knowledge of the residents increases and people living with diabetic undergo lifestyle changes and therefore blood sugar levels can be controlled. The parameters measured in this research were blood glucose levels, the anti diabetic drug types consumed, and compliance on diabetics. This study used the data taken from 60 patients with DM over a period of one month. Questionnaires and log books was used to retrieve data and changes in blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. The results showed the demographic data of patients with type 2 diabetic of 85% female and 15% male, with the range of patients aged of 61-70 years of 46.67% and had history of diabetic (90%). The history of drugs consumed by respondents was anti diabetic drugs such as metformin (40%), glimepiride (33.37%) and insulin (6.67%). In addition, the increased knowledge of DM patients after being given the training compared to before training was shown in several questions in the questionnaire. A statistical analysis using t-test analyzed a correlation between training provided in order to enhance understanding of the patient, as well as correlation with blood glucose levels. A paired T-test showed that there was a relationship between the knowledge of trainees before and after training (p less than 0.05). An interesting result was that there was no relationship between blood glucose levels before and after training provided (p> 0.05).

REMANIT 4509

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Scale Resistance ◽  
High Degree

Abstract REMANIT 4509 was developed specially for silencers and exhaust gas purification plants. Due to its composition, this steel exhibits scale resistance up to 950 C and a high degree of corrosion resistance to the gases occurring in the exhaust system. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-613. Producer or source: Thyssen Stahl AG.

scholarly journals Lost in Migration – Mirandese at a Crossroads

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 488-495
Author(s):  
Cláudia Martins ◽  
Sérgio Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Minority Language ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThe linguistic rights of Mirandese were enshrined in Portugal in 1999, though its “discovery” dates back to the very end of the 19th century at the hands of Leite de Vasconcellos. For centuries, it was the first or only language spoken by people living in the northeast of Portugal, particularly the district of Miranda do Douro. As a minority language, it has always moved among three dimensions. On the one hand, the need to assert and defend this language and have it acknowledged by the country, which proudly believe(d) in their monolingual history. Unavoidably, this has ensued the action of translation, especially active from the mid of the 20th century onwards, with an emphasis on the translation of the Bible and Portuguese canonical literature, as well as other renowned literary forms (e.g. The Adventures of Asterix). Finally, the third axis lies in migration, either within Portugal or abroad. Between the 1950s and the 1960s, Mirandese people were forced to leave Miranda do Douro and villages in the outskirts in the thousands. They fled not only due to the deeply entrenched poverty, but also the almost complete absence of future prospects, enhanced by the fact that they were regarded as not speaking “good” Portuguese, but rather a “charra” language, and as ignorant backward people. This period coincided with the building of dams on the river Douro and the cultural and linguistic shock that stemmed from this forceful contact, which exacerbated their sense of not belonging and of social shame. Bearing all this in mind, we seek to approach the role that migration played not only in the assertion of Mirandese as a language in its own right, but also in the empowerment of new generations of Mirandese people, highly qualified and politically engaged in the defence of this minority language, some of whom were former migrants. Thus, we aim to depict Mirandese’s political situation before and after the endorsement of the Portuguese Law no. 7/99.

scholarly journals Real-World Experience of the One-Year Efficacy of Rifaximin Add-On to Lactulose Is Superior to Lactulose Alone in Patients with Cirrhosis Complicated with Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Ching Chang ◽  
Chien-Hao Huang ◽  
Hsiao-Jung Tseng ◽  
Fang-Chen Yang ◽  
Rong-Nan Chien
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Serum Ammonia

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a neuropsychiatric complication of decompensated cirrhosis, is associated with high mortality and high risk of recurrence. Rifaximin add-on to lactulose for 3 to 6 months is recommended for the prevention of recurrent episodes of HE after the second episode. However, whether the combination for more than 6 months is superior to lactulose alone in the maintenance of HE remission is less evident. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the one-year efficacy of rifaximin add-on to lactulose for the maintenance of HE remission in Taiwan. Methods: We conducted a real-world single-center retrospective cohort study to compare the long-term efficacy of rifaximin add-on to lactulose (group R + L) versus lactulose alone (group L, control group). Furthermore, the treatment efficacy before and after rifaximin add-on to lactulose was also analyzed. The primary endpoint of our study was time to first HE recurrence (Conn score ≥ 2). All patients were followed up every three months until death, and censored at one year if still alive. Results and Conclusions: 12 patients were enrolled in group R + L. Another 31 patients were stratified into group L. Sex, comorbidity, ammonia level, and ascites grade were matched while age, HE grade, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were adjusted in the multivariable logistic regression model. Compared with group L, significant improvement in the maintenance of HE remission and decreased episodes and days of HE-related hospitalizations were demonstrated in group R + L. The serum ammonia levels were significantly lower at the 3rd and 6th month in group 1. Concerning changes before and after rifaximin add-on in group R + L, mini-mental status examination (MMSE), episodes of hospitalization, and variceal bleeding also improved at 6 and 12 months. Days of hospitalization, serum ammonia levels also improved at 6th month. Except for concern over price, no patients discontinued rifaximin due to adverse events or complications. The above results provide evidence for the one-year use of rifaximin add-on to lactulose in reducing HE recurrence and HE-related hospitalization for patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

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