From Trinidad and Tobago to the World: Determining the role of Calypso in a new Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Malek Abdel-Shehid
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
West African ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
New Era ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Cultural Sovereignty ◽  
Caribbean Culture ◽  
Musical Cultures

Calypso is a popular Caribbean musical genre that originated in the island nation of Trinidad and Tobago. The genre was developed primarily by enslaved West Africans brought to the region via the transatlantic slave trade during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Although West-African Kaiso music was a major influence, the genre has also been shaped by other African genres, and by Indian, British, French, and Spanish musical cultures. Emerging in the early twentieth century, Calypso became a tool of resistance by Afro-Caribbean working-class Trinbagonians. Calypso flourished in Trinidad due to a combination of factors—namely, the migration of Afro-Caribbean people from across the region in search of upward social mobility. These people sought to expose the injustices perpetrated by a foreign European and a domestic elite against labourers in industries such as petroleum extraction. The genre is heavily anti-colonial, anti-imperial, and anti-elitist, and it advocated for regional integration. Although this did not occur immediately, Calypsonians sought to establish unity across the region regardless of race, nationality, and class through their songwriting and performing. Today, Calypso remains a unifying force and an important part of Caribbean culture. Considering Calypso's history and purpose, as well as its ever-changing creators and audiences, this essay will demonstrate that the goal of regional integration is not possible without cultural sovereignty.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF NIGERIA IN THE ECOWAS AND ITS SUPPORT TOWARDS THE COMMON PROPOSED CURRENCY ECO

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Yusuf Kamaluddeen Ibrahim ◽  
Abdullahi Ayoade Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
African State ◽  
West African ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
The West ◽  
The Common ◽  
Economic Bloc

Nigeria is the arrowhead of the Economic Community of West African State (ECOWAS), which was emerged in Lagos on May 28, 1975, as a regional institution consisting of fifteen nations. The essence of the establishment is to integrate the region into the single economic bloc and to ensure sole currency existence, which has been on the agenda of the head of the state conference. The study adopted regional integration theory and employed Qualitative Document Analysis (QDA) in order to elaborate on the big-brother and sub-regional leader role of Nigeria in the region. The study found that loyalty to colonialism and the francophone country's long-existing monetary cooperation towards France was the strong blockade of the proposal as well as the member state was unable to reach-up to the merging criteria, which resulted in the shift and delays on the establishment of the common currency date. It was also discovered that on the efforts to embark on the process, two fast track approaches were being agreed upon towards the realization of the common currency. The first track meeting was held in Accra, Ghana, in April 2000, proposing that the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) were to create a second Monetary Union by July 2005 termed the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ), mainly comprising of Anglophone countries. The second track was stressing on the consequent merging of the WAMZ and WAEMU to form a common currency union in the region. The study went further to provide some suggestions toward the implementation of the common currency in the region. Keywords: Nigeria, ECOWAS, Single Currency, Regional Leader.

AFRICA’S REGIONAL APPROACH TO CONFLICT PREVENTION, SECURITY MANAGEMENT: „ECOWAS VISION 2020 - PEACE, HUMAN RIGHT AND SECURITY”

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128
Author(s):  
Andrews Ayambire
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
West African ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The West ◽  
Education And Health

This paper reviews the role of ECOWAS in promoting peace, human right and security in West Africa through the established vision 2020. The function of ECOWAS has always been creating a peaceful and enabling environment for cooperation and regional integration as a tool to enhanced development of the West African economy. Regional integration remains the most viable and appropriate tool for achieving and accelerating peace, human right and security among West African countries. With regard to the above function, the group in June 2007 adopted the transformational vision 2020 focused on the free move-ment of the population, greater access to efficient education and health, engaging in eco-nomic activities, raising the standard of living. This paper examines ECOWAS quest for peace, human right and stability on the continent within the conventional vision 2020. It highlights areas that require review to make peace and security more effective.

Regional integration from “below” in West Africa: A study of transboundary town-twinning of Idiroko (Nigeria) and Igolo (Benin)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olukayode A. Faleye
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
West African ◽  
African Culture ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
New Development ◽  
Government Records

[Full article is in English]English: This article examines the phenomenon of town-twinning between Idiroko (Nigeria) and Igolo (Benin). While transboundary town twinning is the integration of settlements across distinct state territories—an emerging pattern of borderland urban evolution—this seems to be a new impact of the colonially determined borders in West Africa. Despite the challenges posed by the partition of West African culture areas, town twinning has more recently turned into an established form of regional integration based on a “bottom-up” rather than “top-down” approach in the region. Using qualitative methodology based on descriptive analysis of oral interviews, government records, geographical data, as well as diverse literature, this paper uncovers the role of “borderlanders” in negotiating borders through increased non-state transnational sociospatial cooperation and networking. Apart from altering the traditional state-centric territoriality, this new development may entail broader economic and socio-political implications in the region.Spanish: Este artículo examina el hermanamiento de las ciudades de Idiroko (Nigeria) e Igolo (Benin). Mientras que el hermanamiento de ciudades transfronterizas es la integración de asentamientos más allá de los distintos territorios estatales—un patrón emergente en la evolución urbana de las regiones fronterizas—esto parece ser un nuevo impacto en las fronteras colonizadas en África Occidental. A pesar de los retos de la división cultural en África Occidental, el hermanamiento de ciudades se ha convertido recientemente en una forma de integración regional con enfoque “de abajo hacia arriba” más que “de arriba hacia abajo.” Empleando una metodología cualitativa basada en un análisis de entrevistas orales, archivos gubernamentales, datos geográfi cos y una literatura diversa, este artículo revela el rol de las regiones fronterizas en negociaciones transfronterizas de cooperación y de formación de redes socio-espaciales no estatales. Además de alterar la territorialidad tradicional centrada en el estado, este nuevo desarrollo puede generar implicaciones económicas y socio-políticas más amplias en la región.French: Cet article examine le phénomène des villes jumelles d’Idiroko (Nigéria) et d’Igloo (Bénin). Alors que les villes jumelles transfrontalières sont le résultat de l’intégration d’implantations au-delà de territoires étatiques distincts -un schéma émergeant d’évolution urbaine en région frontalière-, ce cas semble être un nouvel impact des frontières déterminées par la colonisation en Afrique de l’Est. Malgré les défi s posés par la partition des aires culturelles de l’Afrique de l’Est, les villes jumelles se sont converties plus récemment en une forme établie d’intégration régionale fondée sur une approche régionale de bas en haut plutôt que de haut en bas. À partir de l’’usage d’une méthodologie qualitative basée sur une analyse descriptive d’entretiens, d’archives gouvernementales, de données géographiques ainsi que sur une littérature diverse, cet article met à jour le rôle des régions frontalières dans la négociation des frontières à travers la coopération et la formation de réseaux socio-spatiaux trans nationaux non étatiques. En plus de modifier la territorialité traditionnelle centrée sur l’État, ce fait nouveau peut entraîner des implications économiques et socio-politiques plus larges dans la région.

Regional Integration in West Africa

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikeanyibe Okechukwu Marcellus ◽  
Ezeibe Chukwuebuka Christian
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
West African ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
University System ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
Resource Diversity

Since its establishment in 1975, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has faced the task of regional integration and cooperation in West Africa mainly through economic policies and treaties, and has substantially failed to achieve the desired goals. The sub-region is probably one of the most outstanding regional enclaves of human diversity in the world. However, ethnicity and other differences remain critical phenomena of politics and life in the sub-region. More often than not, these differences are exploited for negative purposes rather than leveraging them for the objectives of cooperation, integration, and development. The university system and its academic membership offer an opportunity for harnessing some of the diversity in the region for more fruitful integration and development. This chapter examines this expected role of academia and the university system towards leveraging human resource diversity for improved cooperation, integration, and development in West Africa.

The Contemporary Role of Resection and Ablation in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
Mariam F. Eskander ◽  
Christopher T. Aquina ◽  
Aslam Ejaz ◽  
Timothy M. Pawlik
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
Portal Vein Ligation ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases ◽  
Liver Remnant ◽  
New Era ◽  
Ablation Therapy

AbstractAdvances in the field of surgical oncology have turned metastatic colorectal cancer of the liver from a lethal disease to a chronic disease and have ushered in a new era of multimodal therapy for this challenging illness. A better understanding of tumor behavior and more effective systemic therapy have led to the increased use of neoadjuvant therapy. Surgical resection remains the gold standard for treatment but without the size, distribution, and margin restrictions of the past. Lesions are considered resectable if they can safely be removed with tumor-free margins and a sufficient liver remnant. Minimally invasive liver resections are a safe alternative to open surgery and may offer some advantages. Techniques such as portal vein embolization, association of liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy, and radioembolization can be used to grow the liver remnant and allow for resection. If resection is not possible, nonresectional ablation therapy, including radiofrequency and microwave ablation, can be performed alone or in conjunction with resection. This article presents the most up-to-date literature on resection and ablation, with a discussion of current controversies and future directions.

‘A disoriented vision of … fact’: Brian Friel, Francis Bacon, and Faith Healer

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-336
Author(s):  
Zosia Kuczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Faith Healer ◽  
Brian Friel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Composition Process

The Brian Friel Papers at the NLI reveal a long and relatively unexplored history of major and minor influences on Friel's plays. As the archive attests, these influences manifest themselves in ways that range from the superficial to the deeply structural. In this article, I draw on original archival research into the composition process of Friel's genre-defining play Faith Healer (1979) to bring to light a model of influence that operates at the level of artistic practice. Specifically, I examine the extent to which Friel's officially unacknowledged encounter with a book of interviews with painter Francis Bacon influenced the play in terms of character, language, and form. I suggest that Bacon's creative process – incorporating his ideas on the role of the artist, the workings of chance, and the extent to which art does violence to fact – may have had a major influence on both the play's development and on Friel's development as an artist.

INTERPRETATION OF SINO-RUSSIAN CULTURE AND HUMANITIES COOPERATION IN THE NEW ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
REN YANYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
New Era ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cooperative Partnership ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The friendship between nations lies in the mutual affinity of the people, and the people’s affinity lies in the communion of hearts. The cultural and humanities cooperation between China and Russia has a long history. In recent years, under the role of the“Belt and Road” initiative, the SCO, and the Sino-Russian Humanities Cooperation Committee, Sino-Russian culture and humanities cooperation has continued to deepen. Entering a new era, taking the opportunity to promote Sino-Russian relations into a “new era China-Russia comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership”, the development of human relations between the two countries has entered a new historical starting point, while also facing a series of problems and challenges. This article is based on the current status of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, interprets the characteristics of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, analyzes the problems and challenges of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, and tries to propose solutions and solutions with a view to further developing Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era. It is a useful reference, and provides a reference for future related research, and ultimately helps the Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era to be stable and far-reaching.

scholarly journals Placing women in Cytogenetics: Lore Zech and the chromosome banding technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Söhner ◽  
Nils Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Peer Group ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Karolinska Institute ◽  
New Era ◽  
Human Cytogenetics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Witness Interviews

Abstract Background Scholars agree that Torbjörn Caspersson’s lab at the Institute of Medical Cell Research and Genetics at the Karolinska Institute, Sweden, played a key role in the first description of the so-called Q-banding technique. It laid the foundation for a new era of cytogenetic diagnostics and had a lasting impact in several areas of biology and medicine. Methods Based on a mixed-method approach, essential aspects of the history of human cytogenetics are considered via primary and secondary analysis of biographical interviews as well as the qualitative evaluation of bibliometrics. Drawing on interviews with colleagues of lab member Lore Zech (1923–2013) and contemporary publications, this paper illuminates the role of and contribution by Zech: To what extent is the discovery attached to her and what does her legacy look like today? Results The analysis of the contemporary witness interviews with colleagues, students and junior researchers shows that Lore Zech was a committed member of Caspersson's research group. In addition, memoirs by contemporary colleagues describe her outstanding skills in microscopy. The different sources paint a multifaceted picture. In addition to the historians' patterns of interpretation, different legacies can also be found within the peer group. Conclusions We argue that Zech represent the type of scientist who, although her research was acknowledged with several prizes, so far has not been part of the canon of pioneers of international cytogenetics.

The Ideological Dimensionality in the Middle Eastern and North African Constitutions: A New Era in the Evolution of Islamic Constitutionalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 147892992091294
Author(s):  
Berna Öney
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
North African ◽  
New Era ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Popular Movements ◽  
Ideological Dimension

The popular movements in 2011 led to many regime changes that resulted in amended or new constitutions in the Middle East and North Africa region. The constitutional debates concentrated mainly on the functions of the constitutions in authoritarian regimes, constitution-making processes, and the role of Islam during and after the uprisings. However, no research has analyzed the ideological dimensionality of the Middle Eastern and North African constitutions. By analyzing 19 newly enacted, drafted, and amended constitutions before and after the popular movements in the region, this article shows that the single ideological dimension in the constitutions can be defined by the openness of a state for liberal and modern values. This ideological dimension encompasses all the regional political debates on the political regime dynamics, the inclusion of rights and liberties, and the role of Islam. Besides offering an alternative typology for the constitutions in the region, this article also provides evidence for the beginning of the fourth phase of Islamic constitutionalism that merges the ideas of rule of law, which originates from democratic notions, and Islamic norms.

The role of backyard farms in two West African urban landscapes

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imogen Bellwood-Howard ◽  
Martina Shakya ◽  
Gabin Korbeogo ◽  
Johannes Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Urban Landscapes
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