scholarly journals Bilateral Congenital Ectropion Uveae, Anterior Segment Dysgenesis and Aniridia with Microspherophakic Congenital Cataracts and RubeosisIridis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Anterior Segment Dysgenesis ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Demodex Infestation

In recent times, multiple eye diseases have been seen associated with an increase in the rate of Demodex infestation as a possible cause, but in the particular case of dry eye syndrome in patients treated with platelet-rich plasma, this increase in mite may be relevant to guide a more adequate treatment focusing on the elimination of the mite in conjunction with the recovery of the ocular ecology. The demodex mite is a commensal parasite that lives in hair follicles, sebaceous glands and meibomian, which in a high rate of infestation can generate alterations in the ocular area. Performing an adequate diagnosis for the detection of the mite and treatment for its eradication can be effective for the recovery of the normal physiology of the tear film that constitutes a cause of dry eye.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Pathogenic Factors and Management of Dry Eye in Ocular Surface Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Nebbioso ◽  
Paola Del Regno ◽  
Magda Gharbiya ◽  
Marta Sacchetti ◽  
Rocco Plateroti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Relevant Factors

The alteration of the delicate balance that regulates the secretion and distribution of the tear film determines the dry eye (DE) syndrome, because the tear film represents the interface between the eye and the environment. Despite having a multifactorial origin, the main risk factors for the emergence of the ocular disease are female gender and advanced age. Likewise, morphological changes in several glands and in chemical composition of their secretions such as proteins, mucins, lipidics, aqueous tears, and salinity, are highly relevant factors to maintain a condition of good health of the ocular anterior segment. Another key factor of recurrence and onset of the disease is the presence of local and/or systemic infiammation that reflex on the ocular surface. However, it is one of the most commonly encountered disease in clinical practice and many other causes related to daily life and to lengthen the average life will contribute to the beginning. This review will consider how and what disorders of the ocular surface are responsible for a widespread pathology so. In the end, the most appropriate and new therapies will be briefly exposed according to the specific pathology.

scholarly journals Advances in the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Dry Eye Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10384
Author(s):  
Luca Di Cello ◽  
Marco Pellegrini ◽  
Aldo Vagge ◽  
Massimiliano Borselli ◽  
Lorenzo Ferro Desideri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Integrated Devices

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease that represents one of the most common ophthalmologic conditions encountered in everyday clinical practice. Traditional diagnostic tests for DED, such as subjective questionnaires, tear film break-up time and the Schirmer test, are often associated with poor reproducibility and reliability, which make the diagnosis, follow-up, and management of the disease challenging. New advances in imaging technologies enable objective and reproducible measurements of DED parameters, thus making the diagnosis a multimodal imaging-based process. The aim of this review is to summarize all the current and emerging diagnostic tools available for the diagnosis and monitoring of DED, such as non-invasive tear breakup time, thermography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, meibography, interferometry, in vivo confocal microscopy, and optical quality assessment. Although there is not a gold standard imaging technique, new multi-imaging-integrated devices are precious instruments to help clinicians to better cope with the diagnostic complexity of DED.

scholarly journals Tear Film Instability and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Correlate with the Pterygium Size and Thickness Pre- and Postexcision in Patients with Pterygium

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Ruixue Wang ◽  
Xuanchu Duan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Pterygium Excision

Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of excision on dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in individuals with pterygium, before and after surgery. It also aimed to investigate how these effects correlate with the size and thickness of the pterygium. Subjects and Methods. 63 eyes from 63 patients with primary nasal pterygium and 45 eyes from 45 healthy volunteers without ocular pathologies were enrolled in this study. 63 eyes from 63 patients underwent pterygium surgery. ImageJ software was used to calculate the pterygium size based on images of the anterior segments. Anterior segment spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed preoperatively to measure the thickness of the pterygium 1 mm anterior to the nasal scleral spur. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer I Test (SIT), and MGD grade were used to evaluate the eyes, and the eyes were imaged using the noninvasive keratograph average tear film breakup time (NIBUTav), tear meniscus height (TMH), meiboscore, and lipid layer grading tools of the Oculus® Keratograph 5M, preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Results. The OSDI, NIBUTav, lid margin abnormality, meiboscore, and lipid layer grading values differed significantly in the pterygium patients in comparison with the controls (p<0.01 for all scores). However, the SIT and TMH values were unchanged between the two groups (all p>0.05). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the NIBUTav, meiboscore, and lipid layer grading score was significantly correlated with the pterygium parameters, such as size and thickness. The postoperative OSDI, NIBUTav, lid margin abnormality, and lipid layer grading values improved significantly (p<0.05 for all scores). The SIT, TMH, and meiboscore results did not differ significantly between the pre- and postoperative values (p>0.05). Among the conventional and automated indexes, at 1 month postoperatively, SIT and TMH were significantly correlated with the pterygium parameters, but no correlation was observed at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The OSDI, NIBUTav, meiboscore, and lipid layer grading values at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively were significantly correlated with the pterygium parameters. Conclusion. Abnormal tear film and meibomian gland (MG) function improved following pterygium excision in the patients with primary pterygium, which was associated with uncomfortable ocular symptoms. Pterygium parameters, such as size and thickness, correlated with the dry eye and MGD indexes in patients pre- and postoperatively, potentially offering a novel strategy for clinical implementation of pterygium excision surgery.

scholarly journals Effect of Airflow Exposure on the Tear Meniscus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizuka Koh ◽  
Cynthia Tung ◽  
Ranjini Kottaiyan ◽  
James Zavislan ◽  
Geunyoung Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Evaporative Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Meniscus ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height ◽  
Blink Frequency

Purpose. To compare the effect of airflow exposure on the tear meniscus and blink frequency in normal and evaporative dry eye subjects.Methods.In 9 normal subjects and 9 short tear breakup time (SBUT) dry eye subjects, lower tear meniscus height (TMH) and area (TMA) and blink frequency were measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after 5 minutes of airflow exposure (1.5±0.5 m/s).Results.In SBUT dry eyes, both TMH and TMA decreased significantly (P=0.027,P=0.027) with a significant increase of blink frequency after airflow exposure, while significant increase in TMA was found in normal eyes.Conclusion. Measurement of the tear meniscus with anterior segment OCT seems to be useful as a noninvasive and objective method for evaluating the effect of airflow on tear film.

scholarly journals Objective Imaging Diagnostics for Dry Eye Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Beom Han ◽  
Yu-Chi Liu ◽  
Karim Mohamed-Noriega ◽  
Louis Tong ◽  
Jodhbir S. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Break Up

Traditional diagnostic tests for dry eye disease (DED), such as fluorescein tear film break-up time and the Schirmer test, are often associated with poor reproducibility and reliability, which make the diagnosis, follow-up, and management of the disease challenging. Advances in ocular imaging technology enables objective and reproducible measurement of changes in the ocular surface, tear film, and optical quality associated with DED. In this review, the authors will discuss the application of various imaging techniques, such as, noninvasive tear break-up time, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, in vivo confocal microscopy, meibography, interferometry, aberrometry, thermometry, and tear film imager in DED. Many studies have shown these devices to correlate with clinical symptoms and signs of DED, suggesting the potential of these imaging modalities as alternative tests for diagnosis and monitoring of the condition.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF DRY EYE IN PREMENOPAUSAL AND POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN: A HOSPITAL BASED COMPARATIVE STUDY.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Shilpi Agrawal ◽  
Rajiv Kumar Singh ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Computer Monitors ◽  
Severe Grade

Objectives: This present study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of dry eye with respect to age in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods: Visual acuity was assessed on Snellen’s chart and anterior segment evaluation was done with slit lamp biomicroscope. Ocular surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was completed and grading done. Dry eye evaluation was done with Schirmer I, by placing a special filter paper in the lower fornix and Tear film Break-Up time was done by an impregnated fluorescein strip moistened with saline which was instilled into the lower fornix. Results: 64(32%), 42(21%) and 35(17.5%) women were belonged in age group of 61-70 years, > 7o years and 51-60 years respectively. dry eye was seen in 6(6%) premenopausal and 47(47%) in postmenopausal women. Higher prevalence of dry eye 29(45.31%) was seen in age 61-70 years. 11(26.19%) prevalence was seen in age > 70 years. Premenopausal women had mainly 6(100%) mild dry eye. 22(46.81%) Postmenopausal women had 22(46.81%), 14(29.79%) and 11(23.40%) mild, moderate and severe grade of dry eye respectively. Conclusions: Dry eye was commonly seen in older age postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women had mainly mild dry eye. Postmenopausal women had commonly mild to moderate grade of dry eye. Hence, early detection of dry eye is important to arrest the progression of dry eye as well as to prevent the complications that can reduce corneal transparency and reduce vision. Environmental and behavioural modifications such as taking breaks while reading, keeping the computer monitors at eye level, use of UV protective glasses and humidification of the environment can be tried. Keywords: Dry eye, premenopausal, postmenopausal, age group

scholarly journals Dry eye disease and its treatment in women over 45 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
E.A. Drozdova ◽  
◽  
V.E. Balan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Meibomian Glands ◽  
Nano Emulsion

Epidemiological studies demonstrate an increase in age-related prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and its higher occurrence in women. In addition to age-related alterations of structures producing tear film, the reduction of androgen levels and other regulating hormones is important for DED development. The role of estrogens and progesterone in the regulation of lacrimal and meibomian gland activity is still disputable. Additional factors of DED development in women are a high rate of comorbidities affecting gland functions, use of cosmetics and cosmetic procedures, contact lens wearing. The results are partial atrophy of meibomian glands, changes in the quality and amount of their secret, increased tear evaporation. Cationic nano-emulsion that addresses the deficiency and stabilize the lipid layer, increases water content, and reduces tear osmolarity is recommended for DED in women. Keywords: dry eye disease, tear film, meibomian glands, postmenopausal, lipid layer, tear osmolarity, artificial tears, cationic nano-emulsion. For citation: Drozdova E.A., Balan V.E. Dry eye disease and its treatment in women over 45 years. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(2):103–107. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-2-103-107.

Working conditions and occupational risks of anterior eye pathology in metalworking machine operators

2020 ◽  
pp. 462-467
Author(s):  
N. I. Latyshevskaya ◽  
M. A. Alborova ◽  
L. A. Davydenko ◽  
A. V. Belyaevа
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Visual Organ

Introduction. The profession of “machine operator in metalworking”, one of the most common professions in various industries, characterized by a large volume of abrasive operations, accompanied by dust formation, which creates a potential for the occurrence of diseases of the visual organ.The aim of the study is to provide a hygienic assessment of working conditions and occupational risk of visual organ pathology in metalworking machine operators.Materials and methods. Observation groups — machine operators for metalworking of two training groups (experience up to 5 years, experience of 6–20 years). Two comparison groups (administrative and technical personnel of the enterprise) are formed according to the same age-experience principle.Results. The working conditions of machine operators were classified as class 3.2. taking into account the severity and intensity of the work process and the noise level (80 dBA) in the workplace. Nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and manganese were registered in the air of the working area in concentrations below the permissible concentration (PC), and the aerosol dihydroxide was registered above the PC in 25.8% of cases. In the main working groups, diseases of the anterior segment of the eye were more often registered, among which dry eye syndrome (DYS) prevailed (94.1%), chronic blepharoconjunctivitis (79.9%), persistent corneal opacification (21.7%). There was an increase in the prevalence of detected diseases with an increase in work experience (p≤0.05). In machine operators, the frequency of inhibition of lacrimal formation and decreased stability of the tear film was recorded significantly more often, with increasing work experience, the degree of violation of lacrimal formation and stability of the tear film increased. The chances of detecting pathology of the anterior segment of the eye in machine operators are 5.9 and 3.5 times higher than in the comparison group. There are different forces of connection, increasing with the increase of work experience in the profession, between the working conditions of machine operators and the occurrence of SHG (relatively strong), with chronic blepharoconjunctivitis and persistent corneal opacity (medium strength), which suggests the professional conditionality of this pathology.Conclusions. The results obtained suggest that the pathology of the anterior segment of the eye is professionally conditioned in metalworking machine operators and necessitate the introduction of preventive measures aimed at protecting the visual organ.

Ayurvedic Management of Dry Eye Sydrome - A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemalatha S. ◽  
Rati S.
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Similar Condition ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
Tear Substitute

Dry eye syndrome is a common condition that results from reduced tear production or excessive tear evaporation or an abnormality in the production of mucus or lipids normally found in the tear layer or combination of these. If blinking is decreased or if the eyelids cannot be closed, they may dry out leading to dry eye. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation on the surface of the eye may occur of left untreated leading to pain, ulcers or scars on the cornea and loss of vision. Prevalence of dry eye range from 5% to 35% worldwide while in India it is 29.25%. Tear substitute are the only treatment modality with modern medicine, only providing symptomatic relief. Ayurveda describes similar condition called Sushkakshi Paka and this patient was treated with Tarpana and Nasya with Jeevantyadi Ghrita.

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