scholarly journals Dominant constraints to the effective use of oily-water separator (OWS) in the control of ship-based oil pollution in West African waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 253937
Author(s):  
Theophilus Chinonyerem Nwokedi ◽  
Donatus Eberechukwu Onwuegbuchunam ◽  
Ejem Agwu Ejem ◽  
Theophilus Cyril Toochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
West African ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Water Separator ◽  
Oily Water ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Significant Factors

The International Regulations for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from ships (MARPOL 73/78) provided for the deployment of the oily-water separator (OWS) technology for the prevention of ship-based oily-water pollution in the marine ecosystem. Previous studies on the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of the OWS technology shows about 40 % failure rates and ineffective use; while also identifying a multiplicity of correlated factors constraining the effectiveness of the use of the technology onboard. To overcome the constraints posed by the identified factors to the effective use of the OWS technology requires a systems approach, which demands the determination of the dominant and significant factors constraining most, the effective use of the technology and prioritizing the elimination of the significant factors. The study used a survey design approach, employing primary data and the principal component factor analysis to determine the existence of about five principal factors, significantly constraining the effective use of the technology by ship operators in the West African Waters. The policy implications were discussed and recommendations for effective use of the technology proffered.

scholarly journals Understanding How Socioeconomic Inequalities Drive Inequalities In COVID-19 Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Laajaj ◽  
Duncan Webb ◽  
Danilo Aristizabal ◽  
Eduardo Behrentz ◽  
Raquel Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
The Poor

Abstract Background: Across the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected economically disadvantaged groups. This differential impact has numerous possible explanations, each with significantly different policy implications. We examine, for the first time in a low- or middle-income country, which mechanisms best explain the disproportionate impact of the virus on the poor. Methods: We use primary data from the CoVIDA project, including the results of 59,770 RT-PCR tests in Bogotá, targeted on a mostly asymptomatic adult population June 2020 to March 3rd, 2021. This is combined with administrative data that covers all reported cases in Bogotá. We estimate a number of parameters that are likely to drive inequality in COVID-19 infection rates across socioeconomic groups, then use these estimates in an individual-level branching process model of the epidemic. We use counterfactual scenarios to estimate the relative importance of different channels for explaining inequality in infection rates. Findings: Total infections and inequalities in infections are largely driven by inequalities in the ability to work remotely and in within-home secondary attack rates. Inequalities in isolation behavior are less important but non-negligible, while access to testing and contract-tracing plays practically no role. Interventions that mitigate transmission are found to be more effective when targeted on socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.Interpretation: Socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 infections, and this appears to be primarily driven by the need to work out of home, higher transmission within home, and to some extent, the ability to isolate when needed. Policies that can successfully reduce these channels of transmission among the poor are likely to have large benefits.

scholarly journals THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF MARINE ECOSYSTEM FROM CIGARETTE BUTTS POLLUTION IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-152
Author(s):  
Nasrullah ◽  
Abdul Haseeb Ansari ◽  
Adis Putri Nelaniken
Keyword(s):  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Tobacco Waste

Indonesia is recognized as a country with high potential in maritime resources. However, Indonesia is also known as the second-largest contributor to plastic waste in the ocean. It is estimated that Indonesia contributes around 200,000 tonnes of plastic disposals. The highest pollutant of the plastic product was found to be cigarette butts. The trillions of cigarette butts generate chemical contamination the ocean waters. Chemicals that leach from the cigarette butts are extremely toxic to the aquatic life in the ocean. The marine pollution caused by this contamination was never seriously noticed, even though the huge number of cigarette butts were found in the sea. A grave concern should be shown on the impacts of the cigarette butts to the ocean. The objective of this article is to elaborate on Indonesian law dealing with the issue the cigarette butt pollution contaminating the oceans of Indonesia.This article is the result of normative research which analyzes exiting statutes and cases that aims at protecting the marine ecosystem from the cigarette filter disposal. This research attempts to analyze the existing laws and regulations in Indonesia on the protection of the marine ecosystem from toxic and hazardous wastes, especially from cigarette butts waste disposal. The results of this study show that to date there is no specific regulation dealing with tobacco waste product disposals. Accordingly, the government is suggested to enact a set of specific and effective regulations pertaining to tobacco waste products as done by some developed countries or states such as Singapore and Australia, so that marine pollution caused by cigarette butts could be prevented. 

Defect reduction in an electrical parts manufacturer: a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Sreedharan V. ◽  
Rajasekar S. ◽  
Santhosh Kannan S. ◽  
Arunprasad P. ◽  
Rajeev Trehan
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parts Manufacturing ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Quality Tools

Purpose Defective parts in manufacturing is a serious issue faced by every manufacturer. Even after proper care in design, material selection and manufacturing of product, there exists a defective part. The purpose of this paper is to explore the quality of the manufacturing, and find the use of effective quality tools to reduce the part defect rate in an electrical parts manufacturing unit, thereby, reducing the replaced cost of defective parts. Design/methodology/approach With the help of quality initiatives, like total quality management (TQM) and Lean Six Sigma (LSS), the firms can produce quality product in each stage of production. The paper focuses on the primary data collected from the XYZ electric manufacturer. Findings The main finding of this case analysis is that by the effective use of quality tools, the defective part return rate can be reduced, because of which the firm can observe reduction in replaced cost of almost INR24 lakh. In addition, 10A switch part contributes more in replacement cost. Further, it adds to the 35 percent of the overall part rejection. Research limitations/implications The study is more focused on particular type of switch product and can extend to other types of products. In addition, the analysis reveals the results of only 88 percent of the defective products. Practical implications The study provides results of the improved quality by effective use of quality tools and discusses the different types of defects in the electrical parts manufacturing. Introducing TQM and LSS to manufacturing can reduce the customer return rate to 1,300 parts per million (PPM) and even to 1,000 PPM in future. Originality/value The paper discusses the quality issues in the electrical manufacturer. Moreover, the case analysis briefs effective ways to improve the product quality and reduce the rejection rate.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial alertness and new venture performance: Facilitating roles of networking capability

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Adomako ◽  
Albert Danso ◽  
Nathaniel Boso ◽  
Bedman Narteh
Keyword(s):  
New Ventures ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Alertness ◽  
Venture Performance ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Business Networking ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
New Venture Performance

An ability to act upon an entrepreneurial opportunity is a major driver of new venture success. However, scholarly knowledge is limited on how and when entrepreneur alertness to entrepreneurial opportunities drives new venture success. This article addresses this gap arguing that variations in new venture performance are a function of levels of entrepreneurial alertness and networking capabilities. Using primary data gathered from 203 new ventures operating in a sub-Saharan African economy, Ghana, we find that increases in the levels of entrepreneurial alertness are related to increases in new venture performance. Additionally, we find that, under conditions of increased use of social and business networking capabilities, the potency of entrepreneurial alertness as a driver of new venture success is amplified. Theoretical, managerial and policy implications of these findings are discussed.

Reshaping the Business Incubator Model: The Case of the Value Chain Model of Innovation Works in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingfeng Tang ◽  
Cuiwen Li ◽  
Angathevar Baskaran ◽  
Yu Cheng ◽  
VGR Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Business Incubator ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Chain Business

Since the late 1980s, the business incubator model in China has been evolving—from the early traditional model that focused mainly on providing basic services, such as office space and one-stop administrative services, to an emerging value chain model (value position, value creation, value transfer and value capture), which efficiently combines the profits of an incubator with the success of its incubating tenant ventures. This article analyses the case of ‘Innovation Works’, which is one of the pioneers of the value chain model in China. It raises the following research questions: (a) how does the incubator business model evolve over time in China? (b) What differentiates the value chain business incubator model from the traditional model? (c) What are the critical elements that contribute to the success of a value chain business incubator model? Using primary data gathered through interviews, on-site visits and surveys, the study found that the incubator business model in China has been reshaping towards more complex value propositions and more efficient value chain models. The study also found that specialisation, flat organisational structure and professional management team are the critical elements that contribute to the success or efficient performance of the value chain business incubator model. This article makes significant contributions to the literature and draws policy implications for future business incubator development—both in China and in other emerging economies.

THE INNOVATION OF VULNERABLE FISHERIES USING ECOSYSTEM-BASED FISHERY MANAGEMENT APPROACH: A TEST CASE IN KARIMUNJAWA ECOSYSTEM, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (4-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayanggita Kirana ◽  
Indah Susilowati ◽  
Kuperan Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Initial Finding ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Government

The sustainability of marine ecosystem has become a major concern the government; however, the implementation of sustainability-based fisheries management has not been fully carried out and well controlled. Therefore, having a concept of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) is essential in protecting it preserved. The aim of this study was to analyze the implementation of EBFM in Karimunjawa ecosystem, Central Java, Indonesia. The analysis of this study was based on the primary data collected from fishermen and stakeholders using in-depth interviews, and the secondary data gathered from stakeholders of Karimunjawa documentation. Meta-analysis with triangulation was invoked in this study. The result showed that the vulnerability of marine ecosystem, particularly fisheries’ resource in the pilot project is in progress. The conventional approach has not yet succeeded in managing fisheries’ resource in terms of sustainability attributes. Moreover, the EBFM has not yet proven to be a suitable approach for some reasons; although, this concept is very promising in encouraging a new paradigm for sustainable management in Indonesia with a protocol concept. This initial finding needs to be furthered in order to explore other aspects of development. 

Mode of Production and Population Patterns: Policy Implications for West African Development

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Franke
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
West African ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Sahel Region

Recent developments in population theory have made possible a re-examination of demographic evidence from West Africa which suggests that population growth and migration are primarily responses to changes in the nature of the production system. Precolonial, colonial, and independence period data provide a series of correlations consistent with the approach and suggest a possible new synthesis of the West African data. The poorest countries of West Africa are those bordering on the Sahara Desert, known as the “Sahel” region. In response to the drought and famine in that region from 1968–1974, numerous proposals have been made for increased attention to reducing population growth. The analysis presented in this paper leads to the conclusion that population policies other than those attempting to lower the birth rate are called for. These would include relocation of populations previously displaced by colonial labor migrations and the re-integration of herding and farming production systems, both of which policies should be considered as population policies. Data are presented from specific projects underway in Senegal, Mauritania, and Mali, to illustrate the argument.

scholarly journals The importance of good aquaculture practices in improving fish farmer’s income

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1090-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslina Kamaruddin ◽  
Amir Hussin Baharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Pond Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Brackish Water Fish ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Significant Factors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the level of good aquaculture practice (GAqP) among aquaculture farmers; and to analyse the factors influence the level of practice and the importance of GAqP in increasing farmer’s income. Design/methodology/approach – Primary data were obtained through a survey conducted on 216 aquaculture pond fish farmers. The descriptive study was employed to identify the profile of respondents and their level of GAqP practices. The structural equation modelling (SEM) method was applied to analyse the factors influence the level of GAqP practice, and the influence of GAqP on the total income of aquaculture farmers. Findings – The results showed that the pond management by brackish water fish farmers is better than freshwater fish farmer, indicated by 77 per cent of them adopt GAqP at a level of 60 per cent and above, as compared to only 20 per cent by freshwater farmers. Physical and human assets were revealed to be most significant factors influence the practice of GAqP. The results also proved that GAqP was among the significant factor contributes to increasing in farmers’ household income; in addition to their other livelihood assets. Originality/value – To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the very first study that employs SEM method to analyse the relationship between GAqP with livelihood asset and farmer’s income simultaneously in Malaysia. Furthermore, since the empirical studies related to GAqP is very few, the study will contribute to development of knowledge in the field of aquaculture.

Measurement and Calculation of Dirty Oil Amount in Bilge Water Treated by Oily Water Separator

ICTIS 2013 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Liu ◽  
Qizhi Yin ◽  
Jianglong Wan ◽  
Xiumin Chu ◽  
Xinping Yan
Keyword(s):  
Bilge Water ◽  
Water Separator ◽  
Oily Water

Management of Antarctic baleen whales amid past exploitation, current threats and complex marine ecosystems

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Leaper ◽  
Cara Miller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractAs baleen whales recover from severe exploitation, they are probably subject to a wide variety of threats within the Antarctic marine ecosystem, including directed take. Here we review both the management and current status of Antarctic baleen whales and consider those threats likely to impact on them. Threats range from global problems - marine pollution and climate change - to localized issues including shipping, habitat disturbance, unregulated wildlife tourism and fishery activities. We identify the most pressing anthropogenic threats to baleen whales including scientific whaling and climate change. It is unclear whether current management approaches will be able to effectively encompass all these threats while also accounting both for the differing levels of scientific understanding and for the differing recovery rates of the whale species. For management we recommend the following: 1) incorporation of both ecosystem considerations and the suite of identified threats not limited to direct take, 2) identification of measurable indicators of changes in whales that allow more certainty in monitoring of populations and the environment, and 3) recognition of significant relationships between baleen whales and habitat features to provide information on distribution and use.

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