scholarly journals ČEZMEJNO IZOBRAŽEVANJE IN TVEGANJA ZA NACIONALNO VARNOST

2012 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
VALENTINA JOŠT LEŠER
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Strategic Performance ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Impact

Prispevek predstavlja kritično razmišljanje o internacionalizaciji visokega šolstva oziroma o njenem najbolj hitro naraščajočem in razvijajočem delu – čezmejnem izobraževanju in pregledu nad tveganji, ki so povezana z omenjenim pojavom v kontekstu vpliva na nacionalno varnost. Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo, zlasti pri konceptualizaciji ključnih pojmov, in analizo vsebine primarnih in sekundar- nih virov, pri čemer smo podatke dobili iz domače in tuje strokovne literature, in- ternetnih virov in pravnih dokumentov. Nacionalne vladne politike pomembno vplivajo na proces in izide čezmejnega izobraževanja, zato je za strateško delovanje in napoved trendov bistven pregled nad trenutnim stanjem in morebitnimi tveganji (neokolonializem, beg možganov in korupcija). Ugotavljamo, da je z vidika zagota- vljanja gospodarske konkurenčnosti in posledično nacionalne varnosti posameznih držav nujno potrebna identifikacija trenutnega stanja in analiza pomena trendov na področju čezmejnega izobraževanja. The paper provides a critical reflection on the internationalization of higher education, more specifically of its most rapidly growing and evolving part – cross border education, as well as presents an overview of the risks associated with the above phenomenon in the context of the impact on national security. For the purposes of the paper we have used the descriptive method, especially in conceptualizing key points, and analysis of the primary and secondary sources content was done, where the data was drawn from the domestic and foreign literature, internet resources, and legal documents. National government policies have a significant impact on the process and outcomes of the cross-border education. Strategic performance and trend forecast are thus essential for an overview of the current situation and potential risks (neo-colonialism, brain drain and corruption). We have found that in terms of ensuring the economic competitiveness and, consequently, the national security of individual countries an identification of the current state and the analysis of trend importance in cross border education is needed.

Silver Nanoparticles: Transport and Fate in the Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Dean ◽  
Felicia Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
The Impact

Within the previous few years major advances in the development of nanotechnologies and practical application of artificial nanoparticles (NPs) and nanomaterials (NMs) have resulted. As society becomes further aware that the use of nanomaterials is ever growing in consumer products and their presence in the environment, critical interest on the impact of this emerging technology has grown. A major concern is whether the unknown risks of engineered nanoparticles, in particular, their impact on health and environment, outweighs their established benefits to society. The goal is to evaluate their potential toxicity in the environment. Silver nanoparticles exhibit an important effect on microbial processes in environmental exposures. This study provides a brief review over the current state-of-knowledge about AgNPs from various studies in this area, including the history, analysis, source, transport, fate, and potential risks of AgNPs. In order to fully investigate the transport and fate of AgNPs in the environment, appropriate methods for the pre-concentration, separation, and speciation of AgNPs should be developed, and analytical tools for the characterization and detection of AgNPs in complicated environmental studies must be incorporated.

scholarly journals The Impact of Protectionism on the Completion and Duration of Cross-Border Acquisitions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rehanna Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Target Firm ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact

<p>This study investigates the impact of protectionism in a host country on the completion likelihood of an announced cross-border acquisition and the time required to complete the acquisition. Adopting a legitimacy perspective, I identify and test boundary conditions at the firm and national levels to study the relationship between protectionism and cross-border acquisition completion and duration. I hypothesise that in host countries with a high level of protectionism, as reflected by the level of non-tariff barriers, cross-border acquisitions are less likely to be completed and the time taken to close the acquisition deal increases. I also propose that the relationships between protectionism and acquisition outcomes are moderated by critical target firm characteristics and the host country's economic condition. Specifically, these moderators include target firm size, target firm performance, the degree to which the target industry is sensitive to national security concerns, and the host country's GDP growth. I test these hypotheses using a sample of 675 cross-border acquisition attempts by firms in the manufacturing and services industries (excluding financial services) into the U.S. and Canada between 1995 and 2015. The results of the statistical analysis support the prediction that the higher the degree of protectionism, the lower likelihood of acquisition completion and the longer the duration is between acquisition announcement and completion. Findings also support the predicted moderating effects of the target firm size, performance and national security concern. However, the hypothesised moderating effect of the host country's GDP growth was not supported by the results. This finding suggests that host country protectionism impacts cross-border acquisition attempts, irrespective of the host country's economic development. These findings have significant implications for legitimacy-based explanations of cross-border acquisitions. In particular, the results of this study indicate that when protectionism is high, the host country is more likely to raise concerns around the legitimacy of foreign firms. In turn, these firms face adverse host country scrutiny which can result in a failed acquisition attempt, or an extended and therefore, costlier acquisition deal. The framework and findings of this study contribute to an institution-based view and, in particular, to a legitimacy-based perspective in the research on the internationalisation of firms.</p>

scholarly journals Addressing a Judge in National Varieties of English

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-157
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivanovich Ozyumenko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Judicial Discourse ◽  
Different Levels

Despite the fact that legal discourse is intended to be clear, precise and unambiguous, in legal terminology there are obvious signs of cultural variability that can be observed not only in different languages, but also in varieties of the same language. Ignorance of cultural differences in legal terminology and legal discourse can lead to serious complications in an intercultural context. This study is limited to terms of reference and forms of address to judges of different levels in the British, Irish, American, Canadian, Australian and New Zealand varieties of English in a courtroom setting. The goal of the study is to analyze the terms of references and forms of address to judges in these varieties of English, identify their similarities and culture specific features and try to find the reasons for the differences. The data were obtained from various sources: dictionaries, legal documents, newspapers, as well as some secondary sources (Brown & Rice 2007, Hickey 2008, McPeake 2010) and Internet resources. They were analysed drawing on studies of pluricentric languages (Clyne 1992, Kloss 1967, Leitner 1992, Muhr & Marley 2015), World Englishes Paradigm (Bolton 2006, 2017; Crystal 2003, Domashnev 2000, Kachru 1985, 1986, 1988, 2008; Low & Pakir 2017, Proshina 2012, 2017, 2019); implementing comparative, semantic, pragmatic, discursive and cultural analysis. To explain some of the results, the legal and political systems of the countries that speak the national varieties of English were analysed. Preliminary results of the study revealed both similarities and differences in the terms of reference and forms of address to judges of various ranks, caused by a nexus of historical, political and social reasons that require further study. Among these, one can note the degree of openness of society to the democratization of its legal system, the country's desire to either follow the traditions established in British judicial discourse, or to demonstrate their uniqueness and independence from the former colonial power. Despite its limited nature, the study provides some new data showing that the lexical and discursive variability observed in the legal sphere contributes to the formation of varieties of pluricentric languages. The results can contribute to the study of pluricentric languages, find application in lexicographic practice, as well as in the teaching of legal English to law students.

scholarly journals The current state of the ornithological fauna of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Olga V. Bulycheva ◽  
Aleksander A. Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Station ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Biotopic Distribution ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Yenisei River ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the current state of the avifauna on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir. To date, the species composition of birds in the study area has not been studied, although it is worth noting the need to study the distribution of birds in this area. The construction of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station led to changes in the hydrological regime of the Yenisei River with subsequent flooding of the surrounding territory, as a result of which various geological processes of collapse of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir banks are observed. Bank metamorphoses can also influence the spatial distribution of birds and creation of new ornithocomplexes. Our ecological and faunal analysis was carried out over two years (20182019) at nine key points along the bank lines of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir within a radius of one kilometer from the water to identify the impact of geological changes in the banks on the nature of bird placement. The key areas of the study were determined, taking into account various biotopic habitat conditions that attract birds. Monitoring of avifauna on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir will allow us to assess the degree of influence of changes in the geological processes of the banks on the spatial and biotopic distribution of birds, and it is also possible to forecast the disappearance or movement of some species and subspecies on this territory.

scholarly journals The Impact of Protectionism on the Completion and Duration of Cross-Border Acquisitions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rehanna Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Target Firm ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact

<p>This study investigates the impact of protectionism in a host country on the completion likelihood of an announced cross-border acquisition and the time required to complete the acquisition. Adopting a legitimacy perspective, I identify and test boundary conditions at the firm and national levels to study the relationship between protectionism and cross-border acquisition completion and duration. I hypothesise that in host countries with a high level of protectionism, as reflected by the level of non-tariff barriers, cross-border acquisitions are less likely to be completed and the time taken to close the acquisition deal increases. I also propose that the relationships between protectionism and acquisition outcomes are moderated by critical target firm characteristics and the host country's economic condition. Specifically, these moderators include target firm size, target firm performance, the degree to which the target industry is sensitive to national security concerns, and the host country's GDP growth. I test these hypotheses using a sample of 675 cross-border acquisition attempts by firms in the manufacturing and services industries (excluding financial services) into the U.S. and Canada between 1995 and 2015. The results of the statistical analysis support the prediction that the higher the degree of protectionism, the lower likelihood of acquisition completion and the longer the duration is between acquisition announcement and completion. Findings also support the predicted moderating effects of the target firm size, performance and national security concern. However, the hypothesised moderating effect of the host country's GDP growth was not supported by the results. This finding suggests that host country protectionism impacts cross-border acquisition attempts, irrespective of the host country's economic development. These findings have significant implications for legitimacy-based explanations of cross-border acquisitions. In particular, the results of this study indicate that when protectionism is high, the host country is more likely to raise concerns around the legitimacy of foreign firms. In turn, these firms face adverse host country scrutiny which can result in a failed acquisition attempt, or an extended and therefore, costlier acquisition deal. The framework and findings of this study contribute to an institution-based view and, in particular, to a legitimacy-based perspective in the research on the internationalisation of firms.</p>

scholarly journals Proposal for a circular economy for the recovery of value from fruit waste in packaging manufacturing

DYNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (217) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Leidy Tatiana Chicaiza Pedraza ◽  
Juan Carlos Robles Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Method ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environmental Level

This article presents a circular economy model corresponding to the current state of fruit waste in Colombia and the impact that is being generated at a social, economic and environmental level. This model proposes the manufacturing of bioplastics based on fruit waste in order to minimize the consumption of fossil resources, carbon footprint and production cost. It also contributes to the generation of employment in the different links of the supply chain, as well as recovering the value of fruit residues through packaging manufacturing. The construction of the model was based on the identification of causes associated with the low recovery of value of fruit residues, through the review of secondary sources, which were later validated with the Delphi method.

scholarly journals Contemporary Problems of Financing Investment and Innovation Activities in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Bulatova ◽  
Anna Kokorina ◽  
Alexander Badeev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Development ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Current State ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Innovation Processes

The work of any economic system is inseparably associated with innovations. Activating investment and innovation processes is one of the strategic priorities of Russia's economic development ensuring its national security. However, there are a lot of restrictions that deter the development of innovations in the country. The main destabilizing factor is the existing system of financing investment and innovation activities in the country. Despite the existence of surveys devoted to this issue, the study of contemporary problems of financing such an important area as innovations is extremely relevant due to the dynamic development of the economy and the need to meet modern market conditions. The article examines the current state of investment and innovation processes in the country and identifies the main factors that hinder their development in modern conditions. The paper analyzes the contemporary system of financing innovation activities in Russia and assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basic indicators of budget financing of innovations.

scholarly journals Security Awareness in Romania – Security Culture and Social Responsibility Development Pillar

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Paula-Diana Mantea
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
National Security ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Security Awareness ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Security Culture ◽  
Security Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article brings into discussion the current state of security culture in Romania as well as the impact that the development of security education has in the training of young people who are socially responsible and aware of the importance of internalizing the basic concepts in ensuring individual and national security. The analysis continues with success factors to be pursued in public-private partnerships as a means of promoting education and security culture among young people, along with identifying recommendations for their development and improvement. Security education represents a pillar for developing a strong security culture. Therefore, increasing the security awareness among the population, especially of the young people enrolled in various educational stages, must become a priority on the strategic agendas. This paper analyzes the steps performed so far in Romania and looks into the benefits such a strategy could bring to cybersecurity, especially by developing a framework for sustainable partnerships in the security field.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Pig Welfare—A Review

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Godyń ◽  
Jacek Nowicki ◽  
Piotr Herbut
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Current State ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Plastic Toys ◽  
Wood Bark ◽  
Commission Recommendation ◽  
Optimal Material ◽  
The Impact

Good husbandry conditions on farms is of key importance for assuring animal welfare. One of the most important legal documents regulating the rules of maintaining pigs is the Directive 2008/120/EC, which states that group-housed pigs should have access to litter or other materials that provide exploration and occupation. Released in 2016, the Commission Recommendation (EU) 2016/336 on the application of the Council Directive 2008/120/EC characterizes the various categories of materials that may be used to improve animal welfare. According to the document, straw is considered as an optimal material for pig housing, however, materials categorized as suboptimal (e.g., wood bark) and materials of marginal interest (e.g., plastic toys) are often used in practice and scientific research. As such, the aim of this paper is to review and systematize the current state of knowledge on the topic of the impact of environmental enrichment on pig welfare. This article raises mainly issues, such as the effectiveness of the use of various enrichment on the reduction of undesirable behavior—tail biting; aggression; and stereotypies at the pre-weaning, post-weaning, and fattening stage of pig production.

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