The Hill-Slope Enclosures of the Burren, Co. Clare

A hill with a lattice transmission tower presents complex wind field characteristics. The commonly used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are difficult to analyze the wind resistance and dynamic responses of the transmission tower due to structural complexity. In this study, wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the wind field of the hill and the dynamic responses of the transmission tower built on it. The hill models with different slopes are investigated by wind tunnel tests to measure the wind field characteristics, such as mean speed and turbulence intensity. The study shows that the existence of a transmission tower reduces the wind speed on the leeward slope significantly but has little effect on the windward slope. To study the dynamic behavior of the transmission tower, a hybrid analysis procedure is used by introducing the measured experimental wind information to the finite element tower model established using ANSYS. The effects of hill slope on the maximum displacement response of the tower are studied. The results show that the maximum value of the response is the largest when the hill slope is 25° compared to those when hill slope is 15° and 35°. The results extend the knowledge concerning wind tunnel tests on hills of different terrain and provide a comprehensive understanding of the interactive effects between the hill and existing transmission tower regarding to the wind field characteristics and structural dynamic responses.

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Integrated Simulation Modeling Approach for Investigating Pore Water Pressure Induced Landslides

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1186263/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Sahila Beegum ◽

P J Jainet ◽

Dawn Emil ◽

K P Sudheer ◽

Saurav Das

Keyword(s):

Pore Water ◽

Factor Of Safety ◽

Pore Water Pressure ◽

Water Pressure ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Integrated Simulation ◽

Hill Slope ◽

Slope Factor ◽

The Stability ◽

The Hill

Abstract Soil pore water pressure analysis is crucial for understanding landslide initiation and prediction. However, field-scale transient pore water pressure measurements are complex. This study investigates the integrated application of simulation models (HYDRUS-2D/3D and GeoStudio–Slope/W) to analyze pore water pressure-induced landslides. The proposed methodology is illustrated and validated using a case study (landslide in India, 2018). Model simulated pore water pressure was correlated with the stability of hillslope, and simulation results were found to be co-aligned with the actual landslide that occurred in 2018. Simulations were carried out for natural and modified hill slope geometry in the study area. The volume of water in the hill slope, temporal and spatial evolution of pore water pressure, and factor of safety were analysed. Results indicated higher stability in natural hillslope (factor of safety of 1.243) compared to modified hill slope (factor of safety of 0.946) despite a higher pore water pressure in the natural hillslope. The study demonstrates the integrated applicability of the physics-based models in analyzing the stability of hill slopes under varying pore water pressure and hill slope geometry and its accuracy in predicting future landslides.

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Effect of mulching method and planting time on the yield and yield attributes of tomato in hill slope

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5793 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 227-232

Author(s):

ZA Firoz ◽

MM Zaman ◽

MS Uddin ◽

MH Akand

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Research Station ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Planting Time ◽

Agricultural Research Station ◽

Tomato Yield ◽

Hill Slope ◽

The Hill

An experiment was conducted at the Hill Agricultural Research Station, Khagrachari from September 2002 to February 2003 to find out the effect of mulching method (Mulching one month before planting, mulching just after planting and no mulching) and planting times (01 October, 16 October and 01 November) on the yield and yield attributes of tomato in hill slope. The highest yield (21.43 t/ha) was obtained from plant where mulch was given one month before planting. Among three planting times, the highest yield (15.27 t/ha) was obtained from 01 October planting. In case of combined effect, mulching one month before planting with 01 October planting produced the highest yield (28.06 t/ha) of tomato in hill slope. Key Words: Mulching; planting time; tomato yield; hill slope. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5793Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2): 227-232, June 2009

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Analysis of Hill slopes predicted by the four-ligand exponential model for a regulatory enzyme

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2340717 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 234 (3) ◽

pp. 717-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S Ainsworth

Keyword(s):

Pyruvate Kinase ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Exponential Model ◽

Hill Slope ◽

Observed Behaviour ◽

The Individual ◽

The Hill

The four-ligand exponential model for a regulatory enzyme is described as it is applied to kinetic studies of yeast pyruvate kinase in which the concentrations of four ligands are systematically varied. The Hill slopes predicted by this model are calculated for the two situations in which the fourth ligand is either a substrate or an effector. It is shown that the individual terms that make up the expression for the Hill slope assist the interpretation of the observed behaviour in terms of the constants employed by the model.

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RΟCKFALL S DURING THE EARTHQUAKE OF 14/8/03 AND PROBABLE SOLUTIONS AT THE UPPER LEVEL OF DRIMONA S VILLAGE SLOPE, MUNICIPALITY OF SFAKIOTON LEUKADA ISLAND

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece ◽

10.12681/bgsg.16587 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 1735

Author(s):

Δ. Βογιατζής ◽

A. Δημητρίου ◽

Γ. Παπαθανασίου ◽

Β. Χρηστάρας ◽

Ν. Καντηράνης ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Energy ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Upper Triassic ◽

Hill Slope ◽

Starting Point ◽

Upper Level ◽

The Hill ◽

Vertical Jumps

Big rocky blocks of indicative dimensions of 2.5*2.5x2.5 m, were activated and fell down-slope during the earthquake (Ms=6.4) of 14/8/03 from the upper part of the hill slope behind Drimon village (Municipality of Sfakiotes in Leukada island). The area is geologically composed of thick bedded white neritic limestones, of Pantokratoras unit (Upper Triassic age). The slope angle is roughly 50° to the NW, at the place of rockfall activation. The limestone is cut in blocks of edge 2-3 m long, due to the geometry of the tectonic discontinuities and the orientation of bedding. In this paper, the mechanism of rockfalls was studied regarding to their horizontal and vertical jumps as well as their kinetic energy. Furthermore, the type, the geometry, the place of installation and the necessary absorbing capacity of barriers were studied for restraining future rockfalls in the area. According to our study, the blocks are necessary to be tied, in place, at the upper part of the slope, using bolting, wire cable and wire netting techniques. Nevertheless, two elastic metallic barriers, approximately 100 m long and 5 m high, able to absorb kinetic energy of 3000 kJ, were decided to be installed on the slope, for the case that blocks, of mean dimensions 2.5x2.5x2.5 m, fall down. These barriers will be placed at horizontal distances of 38.22 m and 94.08 m, from the rockfalls starting point.

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Analysis of Highway Slope Failure by Using Stereographic Projection Method

Journal of Engineering Technology and Planning ◽

10.3126/joetp.v1i0.38244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 45-54

Author(s):

Bharat Prasad Bhandari ◽

Tark Raj Joshi

Keyword(s):

Projection Method ◽

Slope Failure ◽

Stereographic Projection ◽

Plane Failure ◽

The Road ◽

Control Factors ◽

Wedge Failure ◽

Road Section ◽

Hill Slope ◽

The Hill

This study was conducted at the Bhasu Bhir of Kailali district in the Far-western Province, along the Khanidanda-Sahajpur road section of Bhimdatta pant highway. The main objective of this study is to identify the potential slope failure area and assess the major control factors along the road section. To accomplish the objective, the dip amount and dip direction of major discontinuity was measured in the field along with hill slope and hill slope direction. The data of 40 locations were analyzed by using stereographic projection method. The result was obtained by using Dips 6.0 software. The major slope failures obtained on the area were wedge failure and plane failure. The hill slope geometry, joint status and rock geometry are found major controlling factors for the slope failure in the study area.

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Quantification, analysis and modelling of soil erosion on steep slopes using LiDAR and UAV photographs

Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences ◽

10.5194/piahs-367-51-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 367 ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

F. Neugirg ◽

A. Kaiser ◽

J. Schmidt ◽

M. Becht ◽

F. Haas

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Time Step ◽

Terrestrial Lidar ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Bavarian Alps ◽

Hill Slope ◽

Quantification Analysis ◽

Geomorphological Processes ◽

Study Sites ◽

The Hill

Abstract. Steep hill slopes in the Bavarian Alps and at an artificial waste dump on the Island of Elba are subject to soil erosion through geomorphological processes. Long-term high-resolution terrestrial LiDAR data are available and have been analysed for both areas. The analysis indicated different erosion patterns on the slopes that could be the result of different geomorphological processes. Additionally, both study sites show a good agreement between the annual erosion rates and the size of the hydrological catchment as a proxy for the sediment contributing area. The results presented in this study represent the first analysis of hill slope erosion measured with LiDAR and UAV systems. The hill slope erosion will be subject to measurements using a higher temporal resolution during future years in order to identify different erosion processes throughout the annual time step.

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Soil moisture observation in a forested headwater catchment: combining a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensor network with roving and hydrogravimetry at the TERENO site Wüstebach

10.5194/essd-2021-445 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maik Heistermann ◽

Heye Bogena ◽

Till Francke ◽

Andreas Güntner ◽

Jannis Jakobi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Root Zone ◽

Water Storage ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

Water Dynamics ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Small Catchment ◽

Hill Slope ◽

The Hill

Abstract. Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing (CRNS) has become an effective method to measure soil moisture at a horizontal scale of hundreds of meters and a depth of decimeters. Recent studies proposed to operate CRNS in a network with overlapping footprints in order to cover root-zone water dynamics at the small catchment scale, and, at the same time, to represent spatial heterogeneity. In a joint field campaign from September to November 2020 (JFC-2020), five German research institutions deployed 15 CRNS sensors in the 0.4 km2 Wüstebach catchment (Eifel mountains, Germany). The catchment is dominantly forested (but includes a substantial fraction of open vegetation), and features a topographically distinct watershed. In addition to the dense CRNS coverage, the campaign featured a unique combination of additional instruments and techniques: hydro-gravimetry (to detect water storage dynamics also below the root zone); ground-based and, for the first time, airborne CRNS roving; an extensive wireless soil sensor network, supplemented by manual measurements; and six weighable lysimeters. Together with comprehensive data from the long-term local research infrastructure, the published dataset (available at https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.afb20a34a6ac429ca6b759238d842765) will be a valuable asset in various research contexts: to advance the retrieval of landscape water storage from CRNS, wireless soil sensor networks, or hydrogravimetry; to identify scale-specific combinations of sensors and methods to represent soil moisture variability; to improve the understanding and simulation of land-atmosphere exchange as well as hydrological and hydrogeological processes at the hill-slope and the catchment scale; and to support the retrieval soil water content from airborne and spaceborne remote sensing platforms.

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Characterization and Taxonomy Classification of Soils of Hill Slope Land and Stream Terrace Land Located at North-Eastern Ghat Agro-Climatic Zone of Odisha, India

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i1730565 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 203-209

Author(s):

Tupaki Lokya ◽

Antaryami Mishra ◽

Subhashis Saren

Keyword(s):

Exchange Capacity ◽

Taxonomic Classification ◽

Climatic Zone ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Eastern Ghat ◽

Hill Slope ◽

North Eastern ◽

Topographic Positions ◽

The Hill

The present investigation was carried out to study the characterization, fertility status and taxonomic classification of some soils of North-Eastern Ghat Agro-Climatic zone of Odisha. Hill slope (pedon 1) and stream terrace land (pedon 2) two representative pedons of the Nayagarh district located in different topographic positions were studied for their physico-chemical characteristics and taxonomic classification. Results show that in pedon 1, percentage of sand, silt and clay range between 78.4 to 86.4, 3.2 to 3.4 and 10.4 to 17.4 respectively and in pedon 2, sand, silt and clay percentages range between 72 to 84, 3.2 to 7.2 and 10.8 to 18.8 respectively in different horizons. In pedons 1 and 2, pH increases along with depth from 4.80 to 5.82 and 5.80 to 7.60 respectively. Organic carbon content in pedons 1 and 2, ranges from 3.4 to 5.1 and 1.6 to 6.3 g kg-1 respectively. Cation exchange capacity decreases in pedon 1 from 13.25 to 8.66 c mol (p+) kg-1 and in pedon 2, range 7.66 to 16.65 c mol (p+) kg-1. The exchangeable sodium percentage in pedon 1 and 2, ranges from 4.53 to 9.23, and 2.56 to 6.53 per cent in different horizons respectively. The base saturation percentage in pedon 1, range from 58.11 to 98.15 per cent and in pedon 2, from 59.54 to 97.91 percent. The Hill slope (pedon 1) and stream terrace land (pedon 2) have little or no evidence of development of pedogenic horizons except ochric epipedon, therefore these soil are classified under the order Entisols. These soils have A-C profile with no distinct horizonation. Pedon 1, are classified under sub order Orthents, great group Ustorthents and sub group Typic Ustorthents. In case of pedon 2 the soils are put under the sub order Aquents, great group Fluvaquents and sub group Aeric Fluvaquents.

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The Application of WiFi-based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in Hill Slope Condition Monitoring

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v73.4250 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mohd Amri Md Yunus ◽

Sallehuddin Ibrahim ◽

Mohd Taufiq Md Khairi ◽

Mahdi Faramarzi

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Network ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Safety Factor ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Average Moisture Content ◽

Landslide Monitoring ◽

Hill Slope ◽

The Hill

In this paper, a wireless sensor network for landslide monitoring (WSNLM) system is described. WSNLM utilized a wireless protocol which is 802.11g. The hardware structure of the WSNLM is discussed where the important parts had been discussed in details. In order to assess the susceptibility of a hill slope to landslide, several parameters had been considered for the network. The important factors that affect landslide is the ground status, which is soil moisture, vibration in the land and also soil temperature. Other factors that can relate to landslide is the environment of the surrounding such as air temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure. The outputs from the ADXL335 accelerometer were used for slope angle measurement. The output ofa vibration transducer was also used to monitor the hill slope. To account for the susceptibility of the hill slope to the land slide, safety factor value is calculated in real time. The outcomes show that the average moisture content in the soil is around 3 % on a sunny day and the safety factor for a sunny day is around 75. The moisture content in the soil on a rainy day increases tremendously to more than 20 %. At the same time, the safety factor drops to around 70. The system in this paper has the potential to be used as a useful tool for the detection of lanslides.

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