scholarly journals In memoriam Kamal Mazhar Ahmad (1937-2021), doyen of Kurdish historians

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
Martin Van Bruinessen
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Postgraduate Studies ◽  
In Memoriam

The Iraqi Kurdish historian Kamal Mazhar Ahmad (1937-2021) was probably one of the best known and most productive historians. He belonged to the first generation of Iraqis to pursue postgraduate studies in the Soviet Union, and when he was allowed to return to Iraq in 1970, he played a crucial role in the institutionalization of academic institutions and disciplines there and acted as an intermediary between Iraqi Kurdish and Soviet academic circles. As a lecturer and later professor at Baghdad University, he trained thousands of (Arab and Kurdish) students.  Abstract in Kurmanji Bi bîranîna Kemal Mezher Ehmed (1937-2021), duayenê dîroknasên kurd Dîroknasê Kurd ê Iraqê Kemal Mezher Ehmed (1937-2021), bê guman dîroknasê Kurdan ê herî berhemdar û bi bandor bû. Ew ji neslê ewil ê Iraqiyan bû ku li Yekîtiya Sovyetê di asta lîsansa bilind de xwendiye û, dema ku li sala 1970î destûra vegera li Iraqê wergirt, wî li wir roleke mezin di sazûmaniya babet û saziyên akademîk de leyist, û her weha navbênkariya derdorên akademîk ên Kurdî-Iraqî û Sovyetî kiriye. Wek dersdar û, bi pey re, profesor li Zanîngeha Bexdayê, wî bi hezaran xwendekar (hem Ereb hem Kurd) jî perwerde kirine. Abstract in Sorani Yadkirdnewey Kemal Mezher Ehmed (1937-2021), diyartirîn mêjûnûse Kurdekan Mêjûnûsî benawbengî kurd Kemal Mezher Ehmed (1937-2021) yekêk bû le diyartirîn û karîgertirîn mêjûnûsekanî kurd. Yekêk bû le yekemîn newey ‘Êraqî ke xwêndinî ballay le Yekêtî Sovyet be dest hênawe. Ü katêk rêgay pêdra bgerrêtewe bo ‘Êraq le sallî 1970 da, rollêkî karîgerî bînî le be damezrawekirdnî nawende ekadîmyekan û beşe zanistyekan lew wllate da. Û herweha bû be nawendkarêk le nêwan ekadîmanî kurdî ‘Êraq û Yekêtî Sovyet da. Wekû mamostayekî zanko û paşan wek profîsorêk le Zankoy Bexdad, hezaran xwêndkarî kurd û ‘erebî perwerde û fêrkirdwe. Abstract in Zazaki Seba yadkerdişê Kemal Mezhar Ahmadî (1937-2021), duayenê tarîxnasanê kurdan Beno ke tarîxnasê kurdanê Îraqî Kemal Mezhar Ahmad (1937-2021) tarîxnasê kurdan o tewr berhemdar û tesîrdar bî. O neslê îraqijan ê verênî ra bî ke Yewîya Sovyetan de perwerdeyê lîsansê berzî wendbî. Wexto ke serra 1970î de destûr dîya ci ke agêro Îraq, uca dezgesazîya beş û enstîtuyanê akademîkan de rolêko elzem ard ca û mîyanê akademîsyananê kurdanê Îraqî û Sovyetan de mabênkarîye kerde. Sey dersdayox û dima zî sey profesorê Unîversîteya Bexdadî, ey bi hezaran wendekarî (ereb û kurdî) perwerde kerdî.  

Staging the Great Victory

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-123
Author(s):  
Catherine Schuler
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Counter Narratives ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Great Victory

A war of history and memory over the Great Patriotic War (WWII) between the Soviet Union and Germany has been raging in Vladimir Putin’s Russia for almost two decades. Putin’s Kremlin deploys all of the mythmaking machinery at its disposal to correct narratives that demonize the Soviet Union and reflect badly on post-Soviet Russia. Victory Day, celebrated annually on 9 May with parades, concerts, films, theatre, art, and music, plays a crucial role in disseminating the Kremlin’s counter narratives.

Anna Louise Strong: Three Interviews with Chairman Mao Zedong

1985 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 489-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy B. Strong ◽  
Helene Keyssar
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
University Of Chicago ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Domestic Policies ◽  
The University ◽  
General Strike

Anna Louise Strong was part of the first generation of those westerners who reported extensively and sympathetically on socialist revolutions. Born in Nebraska in 1885, she obtained a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Chicago in 1908, became involved in the labour movement in Seattle where she helped organize the general strike in 1919 and went first to the Soviet Union in 1921 on the advice of Lincoln Steffens. She became during the 1920s and 1930s probably the best-known American journalist reporting on the domestic policies of the Soviet Union. Her reportage was unswervingly sympathetic – what doubts she had were hidden in letters to friends, in strained disavowals, in odd turns of phrase in her many articles and books.

Brothers at War

2020 ◽  
pp. 384-405
Author(s):  
Vicente Sánchez-Biosca
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Khmer Rouge ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Visual Strategies ◽  
Democratic Kampuchea

In January 1979, Vietnamese troops triumphantly entered Phnom Penh, the capital of Democratic Kampuchea ruled by the Khmer Rouge. The images they produced to justify their military offensive dwelled on the horror of the atrocities committed by the overthrown Pol Pot regime in the former torture center code-named S-21. In the framework of a split within the communist Bloc between the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China, this article discusses three strategies put forward by the Vietnamese propaganda machinery in which the visual imagery of the former prison played a crucial role: an intense documentary production, the atrocity-themed museum constructed on the site of S-21, and the trial for genocide held in absentia against Pol Pot and Ieng Sary. These visual strategies aimed to deprive the Khmer Rouge of their communist status by associating them with Nazis and their crimes.

scholarly journals The krushchkevka and the dom kultura: urban lifestyles in a rural setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 08001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Zhukova ◽  
Simon Bell
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
First Generation ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Aided Design

Collectivisation in the Soviet Union, including the Baltic States, involved many aspects related to living conditions and architecture. One of the dominant images of village centres in Estonia and Latvia is that of the standardised urban forms of blocks of flats and other buildings such as schools and administrative buildings. On collectivisation, new village centres arose, promising “Urban lifestyles in a rural setting”. There are very few designs for blocks of flats – standardisation came in with Krushchev and the first generation of flats built of white brick became known as Krushchevki. Alongside these were buildings to serve as places where the new Soviet cultural activities could take place – the Dom Kultura which, in contrast to the standard flats, was often of a special one-off design. These can often be found to be abandoned and derelict nowadays, since they have no function and represented the Soviet regime. The objective of this study was to examine the plans and initial proposals for several kolkhoz centres and, using computer aided-design, to recreate 3D models of the building ensemble as it was originally planned, to compare this to what was actually built and to what remains now and the extent to which they are still used. We found that while the standard flats were built according to plan, external landscape features were often omitted. The unique designs of the culture houses often contained many interesting Modernist or even post-modernist features but changed during construction and were often built of poor materials and finishes. They were vandalised, robbed of materials and are now abandoned in many cases. Their architects often went on to make a post-Soviet career and there is considerable interest in their designs. They represent a lost legacy of the period.

scholarly journals In Memoriam: Donald W. Treadgold (1922–1994): Teacher, Scholar, Humanist

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-260
Author(s):  
Henry R. Huttenbach
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
In Memoriam ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Good And Evil

Don—by which name I knew him since I became his graduate student in 1956—belonged to a rare breed of academicians: he was a devout man for whom the personal adventure of life and human history in its totality had a moral dimension; in his quest for understanding himself and others, there was always an underlying moral drama; there was not just the realm of the true and the false but also a fundamental layer of the right and the wrong. For Don, there was always the issue of good and evil. In the end, men and women, the lofty, such as Stolypin (about whom he wrote insightfully), and the humble, such as the Russian peasants in Siberia (to whom he also gave considerable scholarly attention), all were accountable for their individual and collective actions. We are all free moral agents, he observed, including Lenin (about whose early political struggles he wrote brilliantly). It is a perspective Don never abandoned as the Soviet Union dissolved into the amorphous and morally complex post-Soviet era, a characteristic which qualified Don as a persistent humanist. The individual human person endowed with the capacity to sustain immutable moral values was Don's ultimate interest as an historian and teacher.

The Changing Vision of the African Working Class – a Component of Soviet Strategy in Black Africa?

1978 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-700
Author(s):  
Miléna Charles
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
The Political ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Class A ◽  
Black Africa ◽  
The Soviet Union

The Soviet Union is not able to replace western economic investments even in those African countries which become its affies. Therefore its influence is limited to the political sphere, mainly to inter-party relations. By playing a crucial rôle in Southern Africa and Ethiopia, the Soviet Union has accomplished an important step in its global strategy.

Making News Soviet: Rethinking Journalistic Professionalism after Stalin, 1953–1970

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-84
Author(s):  
SIMON HUXTABLE
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Future ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Journalistic Professionalism ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
Made In

This article challenges the assumption, frequently made in scholarship on Soviet media, that news was absent in the Soviet Union. Working across press, radio, and television, the article shows how after 1953 reform of Soviet news became a priority for journalists, editors and media professionals. The article focuses on discussions among journalists and officials about the future of journalism, arguing that journalists’ notions of professional excellence played a crucial role in shaping news coverage. In a climate of Cold War competition with western radio, new technological possibilities and changing political priorities, journalists gradually overcame their condescension towards news, emphasising its civic potential as an agent of social ‘democratisation’, and the artistic nature of reportage. This new configuration was precarious, however, and collapsed after the Czechoslovakian crisis of 1968. As the Party placed new restrictions on the flow of information, news lost its professional prestige.

The aspirations of Albanian archaeology

Antiquity ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (347) ◽  
pp. 1243-1245
Author(s):  
Richard Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
American Archaeology ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Republic

These words, published in the pages of Antiquity more than 20 years ago, belie the dark depths into which Albanian archaeologists were plunged with the transition to democracy during 1991–1992. Despite the long bread queues that characterised Albanian life before the Iron Curtain fell, Albanian archaeologists engaged in missions across the country—nearly 50 in 1988. The charmed life of Albania's archaeologists until 1991 is easily explained. Between 1944 and 1985, the dictator Enver Hoxha invested in archaeology to secure an Illyrian myth for an unstable republic, which, in 1913, was carved out of the western Ottoman Empire. The first generation of communist archaeologists was trained in the Soviet Union; they in turn mentored subsequent generations. As a result, with the advent of democracy, almost no archaeologist had first-hand experience of Western European or American archaeology. The few who had engaged with Western Europe (Neritan Ceka, Aleksander Meksi, Genc Pollo) changed careers and entered politics (Hodges 2014). After the first elections, the 1990s, bearing the bitter scars of communism, were exceedingly confusing and practically complicated for Albania's archaeologists. And yet the Institute of Archaeology has tenaciously held its place in Albanian society, and, under the leadership of the adroit Muzafer Korkuti (Hodges & Bejko 2006), and now Luan Përzhita, there has been a steadying direction that can be readily detected in this encyclopaedic volume arising from a conference held during the centenary celebrations of the Republic of Albania.

Marine scientific research and the Soviet Arctic

Polar Record ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (163) ◽  
pp. 325-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Franckx
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Clear Signal ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Arctic State ◽  
Soviet Research

AbstractScientific cooperation in the Arctic has gained momentum during the last two years. The changing attitude of the Soviet Union, the most advanced Arctic state in this respect, has played a crucial role in this evolution. This article, which focusses on non-Soviet research efforts in Soviet Arctic waters, concludes that the Soviet Union has lately given a clear signal by allowing foreigners, after many years of repeated refusal, to conduct marine scientific research close to its own coasts. In doing so the Soviets have further clarified the legal status of their northern waters.

In memoriam: Izzaddin Mustafa Rasul (1934-2019), Iraqi Kurdish man of letters and Soviet-trained scholar

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Nodar Mossaki
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Developmental Framework ◽  
Rare Exception ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
In Memoriam ◽  
Oriental Studies

The literary scholar Izzaddin Mustafa Rasul (1934-2019) was one of the greatest Iraqi Kurdish scholars trained in the Soviet Union. He was one of a cohort of Iraqi students who received scholarships for study in the USSR in the wake of the 1958 coup that overthrew the Iraqi monarchy, and his time in the USSR coincided with the period of flourishing of Kurdish studies there. Rasul’s PhD dissertation analyzed the development of Kurdish literature within a schematic Marxist-Leninist developmental framework. In his major work, however, which focused on Ahmed Khani and his Mem û Zîn, he went well beyond the standard Soviet treatment of literary works and focused especially on the dimensions of Sufi theosophy and other Islamic content in the work. In this respect, Rasul’s work stands out as a rare exception in Soviet Oriental studies. It remains one of the most ambitious studies of the early modern Kurdish poet Khani.

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