scholarly journals Functions of bibliosphere. Part 1

Author(s):  
Arkady Sokolov

The author introduces theoretical, technological and sociological interpretations of the human category “function”. The functional approach in library studies, bibliography, and bibliology is explored. The common character of the essential functions of the social institutions within the bibliological sphere is revealed.

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Harsanyi

After a virtual neglect for several decades, in the last twenty years renewed interest has been shown in a general theory of social behavior. Most of this theoretical work has depended on two main postulates. One is the functionalist (sometimes called structural-functional) approach to the explanation of social institutions, based on the assumption that the social institutions of a given society can best be understood in terms of their social functions, that is, in terms of the contributions they make to the maintenance of social systems as a whole. For lack of an established technical term, we shall call the other postulate the conformist approach to the explanation of individual behavior: it is based on the assumption that uniformities of individual behavior in a given society can best be understood in terms of certain commonly accepted social values, which most members of the society tend to internalize during their socialization process.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-496
Author(s):  
G. I. Osadchaya ◽  
E. Yu. Kireev ◽  
M. L. Vartanova ◽  
A. A. Chernikova

In the past thirty years, social memory of the Eurasian youth has been influenced by many actors of the commerative space, who often pursue their own goals in the struggle to legitimize the new political order and their policies of the radical economic transformation. The results of their efforts should be taken into account in the implementation of one of the most important joint projects of the post-Soviet countries - Eurasian integration, because social memory of the youth is the most important resource for its success. The study aims at clarifying and evaluating the mechanisms for preserving information about the past, the peculiarities of the generation Y ideas about the common history and the current stage of the EAEU construction, which are present in the public discourse, and at revealing the relationship between attitudes to the past and to the Eurasian integration, the influence of social memory on the personal worldview, the forms and methods of its reconstruction in the interests of the post-Soviet countries interaction and efficiency of the politics of memory. The formation of social memory is defined as the activity of actors (individuals, groups, organizations, social institutions, communities) aimed at the interpretation of the collective past and common present by the youth of the countries participating in the Eurasian integration. The empirical object of the study - young citizens of the member states and candidates for joining the EAEU (18-38 years old), who live, study or work in Moscow. The article considers the respondents assessments of the contribution of each of the actors to the social memory formation and describes social memory of the generation Y as a set of views, feelings and moods reflecting the perception of the Soviet past and the common present. The authors insist on the purposeful policy of the leaders of the countries, participating in the Eurasian integration, to ensure the reconstruction of the youths social memory and the consolidation of societies.


Author(s):  
Alberto Fabar Carnero

Las obligaciones extracontractuales contraídas por un cónyuge casado en régimen de gananciales, entendida esa noción en su acepción más expansiva y que comprende, así, a todas aquellas que no provienen de una previa relación contractual entre cónyuges y terceros, que sean formalmente subsumibles dentro del ámbito material prefigurado en el art. 1366 CC tendrán carácter ganancial y, por lo tanto, comprometerán directamente frente a los acreedores de la sociedad la masa común, sin que, en este sentido, a la conducta dolosa o gravemente culposa del cónyuge deudor, a los efectos de obviar resultados incongruentes o ilógicos, no obstante la literalidad de la norma, cuya exégesis correctora se propugna, se le pueda conferir virtualidad para excluir la afección social, reconduciéndose, en consecuencia, la operatividad de la mencionada excepción legal a la órbita interna. Por otra parte, la responsabilidad civil derivada de ilícitos penales perpetrados por un cónyuge en alguna de las actuaciones unilaterales comprendidas en la disposición analizada, en consonancia con esa proyección de la excepción exclusivamente en la relación intraconyugal, conformará un débito ganancial que vinculará ad extra el caudal del consorcio. En relación con las obligaciones tributarias imputables a un cónyuge, su incardinación en el régimen del art. 1366 es discutible y, de este modo, si las mismas están asociadas a la actividad profesional o comercial del deudor o a la titularidad de bienes o derechos privativos de este, habrán de ser consideradas deudas gananciales ex arts. 1365.2.º CC y 6 y ss. CCo.The non-contractual obligations contracted by a married spouse in community property regime, understood this concept in its most expansive meaning and that includes, so, all those that do not come from a previous contractual relationship between spouses and third parts, that are formally subsumable within the material ambit prefigured in the art. 1366 CC they will have common character and, therefore, will compromise directly against to creditors of the society the common mass, without, in this sense, to the fraudulent or seriously culpable conduct of the debtor spouse, to the effects of obviating inconsistent or illogical results, however the literality of the norm, whose corrective exegesis is advocated, can confer you virtuality to exclude the social responsibility, redirecting, consequently, the operability of the mentioned legal exception to the internal orbit. On the other hand, the civil liability derived from criminal offences perpetrated by a spouse in any of the unilateral actions included in the analyzed disposition, in line with this projection of the exception exclusively in the relationship between spouses, will form a common debt that will link externally the flow of the consortium. In relation to the tax liabilities attributed to a spouse, their integration in the regime of the art. 1366 is debatable and, in this way, if the same they are associated with the professional or commercial activity of the debtor or with the ownership of goods or exclusive rights of this one will have to be considered common debts according to art. 1365.2.º CC y 6 and following CCo.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p11
Author(s):  
Siti Aliyuna Pratisti ◽  
Deasy Silvya Sari

This article discusses relations between the ethical and the practical sphere of solidarity for refugees in Islam. The study on refugees in this article, however, focused on the political and social context of solidarity; thus, theological exploration will not be the main subject. Theoretical discourse on religion and social solidarity is applied to outline the practical limitations of the principles. As for methodology, the literature review method is employed to engage the normative ethics also documents of the OIC initiatives. We find that the Limitation of solidarity in the OIC countries reflect Redekop’s idea of social solidarity: multidimensional, religion as the source of solidarity, the social ecology of Muslim countries limits the practical implementation of the common rule, social solidarity has a compositional effect and every resource or responsibility has to be distributed, and solidarity is achieved through various social institutions.


World Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (10(38)) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Кобилянська Т. В.

The article presents methodological approaches to the disclosure of family life as a unique system. It is established that through a functional approach it can be understood the description of the main functions, for which the family is oriented; from the standpoint of the system-structural approach, the family is a pedagogical system with the unity of all its components, which are in certain connections and relationships; the sociological approach is aimed at studying the social essence of the family and its interactions with other social institutions; on the basis of the activity approach, the main activities and relationships in the family and their influence on the development of personality are investigated; Through the culturological approach, the family is recognized as the main bearer of cultural patterns inherited from generation to generation. It is disclosed that each approach is specifically aimed at the disclosure of a particular aspect of the family's life, therefore, it does not provide a coherent picture of its educational potential.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Yuli Anwar

cash management strategy (cash management) in order to optimize the foundation fund civil insan prosper (yims) year 2004-2009. Cash management strategy (cash management) in order to optimize the funds on Madani Insan Sejahtera Foundation (Yims) include: revenue from the year 2004 amounting to Rp. 18,250,500.00 until 2009 to Rp. 559,454,000.00 or 300 times increase. Similarly, expenditure in the form of compensation, public health services, skills training, caring teachers and preachers, the economic empowerment of the ummah, qurban from 2004 amounting to Rp. 17,787,500.00 until 2009 to Rp. 559 005 100 is almost 300%. The channeling of funds up to 98% - 102% from 2004 to 2009. The remaining funds are used for operational reserves the foundation. The Foundation expects an increase in revenue from activities that are funded in accordance mission of the foundation is: (1) to provide services to the community through empowerment programs that integrate educational programs, health, economy and skills. (2) Being a liaison between the haves with the community through the distribution of funds can not afford the social, charity, infaq, shodaqoh and humanitarian funds. (3) Establish partnerships with both private institutions, government or other social institutions in reducing social problems in the community. Keywords : cash management 


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Peter Takáč

AbstractLookism is a term used to describe discrimination based on the physical appearance of a person. We suppose that the social impact of lookism is a philosophical issue, because, from this perspective, attractive people have an advantage over others. The first line of our argumentation involves the issue of lookism as a global ethical and aesthetical phenomenon. A person’s attractiveness has a significant impact on the social and public status of this individual. The common view in society is that it is good to be more attractive and healthier. This concept generates several ethical questions about human aesthetical identity, health, authenticity, and integrity in society. It seems that this unequal treatment causes discrimination, diminishes self-confidence, and lowers the chance of a job or social enforcement for many human beings. Currently, aesthetic improvements are being made through plastic surgery. There is no place on the human body that we cannot improve with plastic surgery or aesthetic medicine. We should not forget that it may result in the problem of elitism, in dividing people into primary and secondary categories. The second line of our argumentation involves a particular case of lookism: Melanie Gaydos. A woman that is considered to be a model with a unique look.


Author(s):  
Oksana Galchuk

The theme of illegitimacy Guy de Maupassant evolved in his works this article perceives as one of the factors of the author’s concept of a person and the plane of intersection of the most typical motifs of his short stories. The study of the author’s concept of a person through the prism of polivariability of the motif of a bastard is relevant in today’s revision of traditional values, transformation of the usual social institutions and search for identities, etc. The purpose of the study is to give a definition to the existence specifics of the bastard motif in the Maupassant’s short stories by using historical and literary, comparative, structural methods of analysis as dominant. To do this, I analyze the content, variability and the role of this motive in the formation of the Maupassant’s concept of a person, the author’s innovations in its interpretation from the point of view of literary diachrony. Maupassant interprets the bastard motif in the social, psychological and metaphorical-symbolic sense. For the short stories with the presentation of this motif, I suggest the typology based on the role of it in the structure of the work and the ideological and thematic content: the short stories with a motif-fragment, the ones with the bastard’s leitmotif and the group where the bastard motif becomes a central theme. The Maupassant’s interpretation of the bastard motif combines the general tendencies of its existence in the world’s literary tradition and individual reading. The latter is the result of the author’s understanding of the relevant for the era issues: the transformation of the family model, the interest in the theory of heredity, the strengthening of atheistic sentiments, the growth of frustration in the system of traditional social and moral values etc. This study sets the ground for a prospective analysis of the evolution the bastard motif in the short-story collections of different years or a comparative study of the motif in short stories and novels by Maupassant.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. M. Geiko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Lauta

The article provides a philosophical analysis of the tropological theory of the history of H. White. The researcher claims that history is a specific kind of literature, and the historical works is the connection of a certain set of research and narrative operations. The first type of operation answers the question of why the event happened this way and not the other. The second operation is the social description, the narrative of events, the intellectual act of organizing the actual material. According to H. White, this is where the set of ideas and preferences of the researcher begin to work, mainly of a literary and historical nature. Explanations are the main mechanism that becomes the common thread of the narrative. The are implemented through using plot (romantic, satire, comic and tragic) and trope systems – the main stylistic forms of text organization (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony). The latter decisively influenced for result of the work historians. Historiographical style follows the tropological model, the selection of which is determined by the historian’s individual language practice. When the choice is made, the imagination is ready to create a narrative. Therefore, the historical understanding, according to H. White, can only be tropological. H. White proposes a new methodology for historical research. During the discourse, adequate speech is created to analyze historical phenomena, which the philosopher defines as prefigurative tropological movement. This is how history is revealed through the art of anthropology. Thus, H. White’s tropical history theory offers modern science f meaningful and metatheoretically significant. The structure of concepts on which the classification of historiographical styles can be based and the predictive function of philosophy regarding historical knowledge can be refined.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
RYAN EVELY GILDERSLEEVE ◽  
KATIE KLEINHESSELINK

The Anthropocene has emerged in philosophy and social science as a geologic condition with radical consequence for humankind, and thus, for the social institutions that support it, such as higher education. This essay introduces the special issue by outlining some of the possibilities made available for social/philosophical research about higher education when the Anthropocene is taken seriously as an analytic tool. We provide a patchwork of discussions that attempt to sketch out different ways to consider the Anthropocene as both context and concept for the study of higher education. We conclude the essay with brief introductory remarks about the articles collected for this special issue dedicated to “The Anthropocene and Higher Education.”


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