On the Practical Limitation of The OIC’s Solidarity for Refugee

This article discusses relations between the ethical and the practical sphere of solidarity for refugees in Islam. The study on refugees in this article, however, focused on the political and social context of solidarity; thus, theological exploration will not be the main subject. Theoretical discourse on religion and social solidarity is applied to outline the practical limitations of the principles. As for methodology, the literature review method is employed to engage the normative ethics also documents of the OIC initiatives. We find that the Limitation of solidarity in the OIC countries reflect Redekop’s idea of social solidarity: multidimensional, religion as the source of solidarity, the social ecology of Muslim countries limits the practical implementation of the common rule, social solidarity has a compositional effect and every resource or responsibility has to be distributed, and solidarity is achieved through various social institutions.

Legal and Security Issues Facing Hispanic Immigrants Coming to America

This paper focused on the democratic problems faced by Latin American nations. As a part of the third wave of democratic experiments, those in the Latin American nations created few successes. It was not only the lack of successful democracies, and it was the denigration of government and life in countries such as Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador. Drug cartels and their violence and deaths forced many immigrants to leave their homeland and travel to America. At the same time, the trip was, in many ways, as tricky as immigrants from centuries ago faced. Once they arrived in the U.S., immigrants found that life was not what they had expected. The cultural shock many faced in the prejudice, discrimination, and the lack of social justice were a few of their problems. In ways, the criminal justice system was and is still unprepared to deal with the cultural differences newcomers bring to America. The issue of this paper brings the issue from democracy lost to democracy in America for newcomers. The question occurs, can we do better than we have thus far.

The Effects of Governance on Economic Growth

In this article, we are interested in a very topical issue—to what extent and through which channels can governance influence the economic growth of nations? To answer this question, we reviewed the literature in this field before embarking on the empirical analysis. The main results that we obtained from this research work stipulate that economic governance, approximated by “economic freedom”, has a positive effect on economic growth through its effect on investment. As regards political governance, it seems that it has no effect on economic growth. This reinforces the idea that the role of political institutions is limited to the creation of good economic institutions.

Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR): Opportunities for Sustainable Community Developments in Africa

As the quest for multi-stakeholders’ approach to the development of communities and societies across Africa becomes intensified in view of reduced government pro-active development efforts due to dwindling resources and high competing demands from other sectors, the paper examines available opportunities for community development through CSR programs of multinational corporations. It observes that corporate social responsibility programs of multinational corporations have not made meaningful development impacts despite the fact that corporate social responsibility platforms are veritable means of fast-tracking development at community level across Africa. It concludes by identifying strategies for enhancing corporate social responsibility impacts and possible areas of interventions for community development across Africa through multinational corporations’ corporate social responsibility platforms.

COVID and Small Businesses in the U.S., China, and Russia: Three Models of Government Support

The impact of the world COVID crisis on small businesses was extremely destructive. Governments of different countries being aware of critical importance of small business sector to national economies and societies as a whole undertook measures aimed at SME support. While the devastating effect of COVID on small business is quite comparable across the world, the scale and efficiency of government protective measures differ a lot in various countries. In this paper we made an attempt of comparative analysis of governmental efforts to protect small business economies on the example of SMEs in three countries: the U.S., China, and Russia.

Battle of Poznan of 19 August 1704 between the Saxon and Swedish Armies

The battle of Pozna? between the Swedish army commanded by Johann August Meijerfelt and the Saxon army commanded by general Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg began at the dawn of 19 August 1704. The Saxon general had a major advantage in terms of army strength. He was therefore able to push back the Swedish army from the city, but did not capture the tower. The lack of broader researcher interest and the relatively high number of remaining source materials contributed to the tackling the subject. It is worth shedding light on all events that faded into the historical abyss and are forgotten, or worse, are enveloped by false myths. The Republic of Poland, which became an arena for direct military action in 1702-1709 during the Great Northern War, suffered much pain and destruction despite not officially participating in the war. It is perhaps this fact that makes the conflict and its effects difficult to find among valuable Polish historiography works that would objectively show its course and above all the art of war of the early XVIII century. This paper represents only a small droplet of what remains to be done in terms of describing each aspect of the Great Northern War.

Zheng He’s Soft Power Discourse in Indonesia: Identity in Power Relation

This article proposes an identity turn in the ongoing discourse of China’s peaceful rise. While economic diplomacy remains as China’s leading trade, a robust social relation has been deliberately promoted in maintaining the relationship between states. To symbolize the peaceful relation, China does not need to look further as Zheng He, an ancient sea admiral of the Ming dynasty, posed as a powerful figure for peaceful diplomacy. The social constructivist approach to soft power will be used in analyzing the concept of collective identity and power relations. To illustrate this approach, a specific case study on China-Indonesia Muslim’s connection that exists since Zheng He’s era, will be highlighted as a landscape where the shared identity meet. The qualitative method will be applied to interpret shared values between the two societies. Despite the fact that the state level of analysis is generally used in depicting soft power discourse, this article tries to step beyond the boundaries of states by emphasizing the relationship of soft power in society level.

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council: The Persistence of a British Colonial Institution

Following the British decolonization process, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) continued as the final appellate court for many new states. Originally designed as a colonial court, the JCPC, therefore, continues to influence independent states. This testifies to the persistence of British colonial influence in the jurisprudence of former colonies. This research on the JCPC provides evidence colonial influences persist beyond the ceremonial and examines the Gambia and New Zealand as cases illustrating different paths to shedding this colonial institutional.

The Impact of Social Revolutions on the Arab-Israeli Conflict

The Arab Spring refers to the protests and revolutions that spread across Middle Eastern and North African Muslim countries in the spring of 2011. It was the first “social media revolution”, which demonstrated the spread of social revolution and the way civil protests and demands for political reforms can swiftly spread globally through social media. Following the social movement in the Arab World, the turmoil in the Middle East continued with the Israeli Social Justice movement of summer 2011, which was also identified as a social media revolution. Same as in the Arab World, in Israel too new media increased the role of the public, who could influence political issues by bypassing the monopoly of the political establishment and traditional media on the political discourse. The research examines the way that the concept of democracy in the region changed in the digital age. The findings show that social media became crucial in shaping the political discourse and determined dramatic changes in the balance of political power in Israel and Arab countries. Through digital technology and online campaigns politics changed as young Arabs and Israeli altered public agenda from the traditional religious and political Arab-Israeli conflict to social and economic issues.

The Challenge of Ansarullah’s Increasing Power, and Donald Trump’s Policies against Yemen

These days, Trump’s actions have topped regional and world news. His new contracts for the sale of military weapons have created a wave of concern over the growing number of weapons in the world. The Trump administration has been drawing attention since coming in with repeated claims of direct entry into the military. By first proposing a safe zone in Syria, he sought to justify direct US presence in the West Asian region, which made modifications to his plan with Russian and Iranian opposition. Given Washington’s growing difficulty in entering the Syrian military, Trump has chosen a new option for the US body in the region, in which Trump has ordered the use of American drones to bomb various areas of Yemen under the pretext of combating Yemen. Al-Qaeda has given up. The main research question is what is the strategic importance of Yemen in Trump’s foreign and security policy? The findings of the study show that Trump, with goals such as tearing loops of resistance, removing Iran from regional equations and preventing the spread of Shi’ite waves to Saudi Arabia, took a tough and forceful approach to the developments in Yemen. He is reluctant to boycott American power in the region by engaging in showmanship and, with a business-minded and profit-driven view of Yemen, is pouring Western weapons stockpiles with Arab reactionary dollars into the region. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on aggressive realism.