scholarly journals Analysis of Pakistan’s National Curriculum for English: A Learner-Centered Ideology Perspective

Curriculum is said to be the blueprint that lays down not only educational goals but also the ways to attain those goals. The blueprint is highly ideologically influenced and this is reflected in the goals set by the developers of the curriculum. The National Curriculum for English published in Pakistan in 2006 is considered an updated document with contribution from all key stakeholders; however, the literature on curriculum studies lacks any study that has been carried out to understand its ideological nature. Hence, the purpose of this study is to analyze the National English Curriculum from a learner-centered ideological perspective. Use qualitative methods to close reading of the document was done to carefully find useful excerpts of the text and label according to the purpose of the study. The results show that the curriculum follows the learner-centered ideology in terms of subject matter, content knowledge, teaching process and the role of students and teachers. However, in terms of assessment, it follows a traditional approach. The study concluded that the assessment part of the curriculum needs to follow a more formative and innovative assessment approach to make the document more learner-centric in nature. Moreover, the study puts forward a few recommendations with respect to the training of teachers, the provision of guidance strategies for teachers, and the allocation of more proportions for formative assessments.

2003 ◽  
Vol 141-142 ◽  
pp. 301-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Pica ◽  
Gay N. Washburn

This study sought to identify and describe how negative evidence was made available and accessible in responses to learners during two classroom activities: a teacher-led discussion, which emphasized communication of subject matter content, and a teacher-led sentence construction exercise, which focused on application of grammatical rules. Data came from adult, pre-academic English language learners during six discussions of American film and literature, and six sets of sentence construction exercises. Findings revealed little availability of negative evidence in the discussions, as students' fluent, multi-error contributions drew responses that were primarily back-channels and continuation moves. Greater availability and accessibility of negative evidence were found in the sentence construction exercises, as students were given feedback following their completion of individual sentences. Results from the study suggested several pedagogical implications and applications.


Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Yuna Hur ◽  
Jaechoon Jo

A significant amount of digital cultural contents is shared online, but learners do not know where subject matter content is or how to find it. Therefore, there is a need for a service to improve educational quality by effectively providing relevant information in response to searches for content that is useful to learners. This study developed and tested the usability and utility of an intelligent information system that effectively searches and visualizes digital cultural contents. The system collects data on digital cultural contents, automatically classifies them, and creates content triple data to automatically display the results with a 3D timeline, knowledge network map, and keyword relation network map through content search, triple search, and keyword search. We also conducted a survey and in-depth interviews to verify users’ satisfaction with respect to the use and utility of the system. For the experiment, we developed survey questions to measure user satisfaction and conducted in-depth interviews regarding the system’s utility with a total of 65 subjects. The results show that the response for satisfaction with regard to the use and utility was generally “satisfied”. In addition, the system stability was evaluated as “high”.


2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulbahar Beckett

Project-based instruction has gained some popularity in general education and in second-language (L2) education. However, a review of the literature shows discrepancies between teachers' and students' evaluations of this activity. For example, general education teachers and students find that project-based instruction creates opportunities for in-depth learning of subject-matter content, which fosters student independence and problem-solving skills. However, English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers' and students' evaluations show mixed results. Although some anecdotal reports and one systematic research study show ESL teachers endorsing project-based instruction because it provides opportunities for comprehensible output and integrated language teaching, there is evidence that ESL students and at least one ESL teacher are frustrated by this form of instruction. These students felt that project-based instruction prevented them from learning from the teacher and textbooks and from focusing on language skills. The ESL teacher felt a loss of student respect and noted a drop in student attendance. These discrepancies are discussed from philosophical, cultural, and linguistic perspectives. Recommendations for research and pedagogy are proposed. For example, it is suggested that a framework be developed to aid ESL teachers in assisting their multicultural students to understand the benefits of project-based instruction in L2 learning.


2018 ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Branwen Bingle

This article recognises the interplay between learners’ understanding of the world and the literature selected for, and read by, children as a result of current curriculum design within the UK. As part of the author’s doctoral study, an extensive review was conducted into the place of children’s literature in the development of socio-cultural constructs; this included an appraisal of the function of published narratives within the development of a national curriculum for English in the UK. The findings of the review detailed here identified that an ideological linkage between the study of literature and the development of sociocultural values resulted from an increased politicisation of the English curriculum, particularly post-2010. Within the social and historical debates, reading was identified as a specific mechanism for transmitting adult-centric ideas around spiritual, moral, social and cultural beliefs. Issues of power and control became emphasised within the review through the exploration of the actions of gatekeepers, including publishers, librarians, teachers and even politicians, as they attempted to define a preferred canon of literature for study. Throughout the wider literature, contemporary political discourse seemingly argued for dominance over and marginalisation of different factions of society without acknowledging the implicit and explicit bias found within. The review concluded that educators have a responsibility to teach critical literacy skills to enable young readers to negotiate the ideologies being presented to them, but, in the view of this author, this is only possible if teachers enable learners to interrogate for themselves the literature chosen as resources for the classroom. Key words: Children’s Literature, Curriculum, Ideology, Power, Reading   Resumen El siguiente artículo trata de la interacción entre la comprensión del mundo por parte de los aprendices y la literatura seleccionada para y leída por el alumnado como resultado del actual diseño curricular en Reino Unido. Como parte de la tesis doctoral de la autora, se llevó a cabo una revisión extensiva sobre el lugar de la literatura infantil en el desarrollo de los constructos socioculturales. Esto incluye una valoración de la función de las narrativas publicadas sobre el desarrollo de un currículum nacional para el inglés en Reino Unido. Los hallazgos de la revisión que se incluyen aquí, muestran que hay un vínculo entre el estudio de la literatra y el desarrollo de los valores socioculturales resultado de una politización creciente del currículum inglés, particularmente a partir de 2010. Entre los debates sociales e históricos, la lectura ha sido identificada como un mecanismo para transmitir ideas adultocéntricas sobre creencias espirituales, morales, sociales y culturales. Los problemas del poder y el control se enfatizan en la investigación a través de la exploración de las acciones de las agencias, incluyendo editoriales, personal de bibliotecas, docentes e, incluso, políticos, ya que intentan definir un canon literario preferido para su estudio. A través de una amplia literatura, el discurso político contemporáneo, aparentemente, ha defendido la dominación y la marginación de diferentes facciones de la sociedad sin tener presente el sesgo implícito y explícito que conlleva. La revisión concluye que los educadores y educadoras tienen una responsabilidad a la hora de enseñar destrezas de lectura crítica para permitir a los y las jóvenes lectores y lectoras negociar las ideologías que se les presentan. Pero desde el punto de vista de la autora, esto es solo posible si los docentes permiten al alumnado interrogar por ellos mismos la literatura que se escoge como recurso en el aula. Palabras clave: Literatura infantil, Currículo, Ideología, Poder, Lectura   Resum Aquest article tracta la interacció entre la comprensió del món per part dels aprenents i la literatura seleccionada per i llegida per infants, com  a resultat de l’actual disseny del currículum a Regne Unit. Com a part de la tesi doctoral de l’autora, es va dur a terme una revisió extensiva al voltant del lloc de la literatura infantil en el desenvolupament dels constructes socioculturals. Açò inclou una valoració de la funció de les narratives publicades entorn del desenvolupament d’un currículum nacional per a l’anglés a Regne Unit. Les troballes en la revisió detallades ací, identifiquen que hi ha un vincle entre l’estudi de la literatura i el desenvolupament dels valors socioculturals resultat d’una politització creixent del currículum anglés, particularment després de 2010. Entre els debats socials i històrics, la lectura ha sigut identificada com a un mecanisme per transmetre idees adultocèntriques sobre creences espirituals, morals, socials i culturals. Els problemes del poder i el control s’emfatitzen en la investigació a través de l’exploració de les accions de les agències, incloent editorials, personal de biblioteques, docents i fins i tot polítics, en tant que intenten de definir un cànon literari preferit per al seu estudi. A través d’una àmplia literatura, el discurs polític contemporani, aparentment, ha defensat la dominació i la marginalització de diferents faccions de la societat sense tindre present el biaix implícit i explícit que s’hi troba. La revisió conclou que els i les educadors i educadores tenen una responsabilitat per a ensenyar destreses de lectura crítica per tal de permetre als i les joves lectors i lectores negociar les ideologies que se’ls hi presenten; açò però, des del punt de vista de l’autora, és només possible si els docents permeten a l’alumnat contestar per ells mateixos la literatura que es tria com a recurs a l’aula. Paraules clau: Literatura infantil, Currículum, Ideologia, Poder, Lectura.


Author(s):  
N. Zaichenko

The article deals with modern views on the concept of “nationally oriented foreign language teaching”, presented in the linguo-didactic discourse of domestic and foreign scholars of the last decades. The author reveals and characterizes its evolution as one of the basic concepts of Russian and Ukrainian language education as foreign languages. It is found that they relate to the subject matter, content, and operational components of this phenomenon. There are significant changes in the views of scholars on taking into account students’ native language in teaching these languages by speakers of languages with different systems. There is a growing interest in didactic and linguistic data processing of the analysis of Chinese and Russian (Ukrainian) languages and their practical implementation. In terms of content, priority is given to culturally oriented and ethno-psychological aspects of mastering foreign language in a monocultural and multicultural educational environment. The innovative approach to this issue is also manifested in the increasing attention of researchers to the peculiarities of cognitive, mental and educational activities of Chinese-speaking students, formed by the national linguistic and methodological tradition, which is radically different from the national communicative and active lingvodidactic paradigm and needs appropriate methodological correction. Prospects for further study of the issues raised in our investigation are related to the research of a number of “new” terms in the terminological field of the basic concept of “nationally oriented foreign language learning”, as well as from the normative and codification side.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Tsvetkova ◽  
◽  
◽  

“Worn Dresses” is realized as a creative experiment in 2017 at “Radikalno” hall of department “Sculpture” at The University of Veliko Tarnovo. Technically speaking the project is a continuation and development of an author’s method, which has been set and elaborated since 2007 till now. Inspired by elements of collage art, this technique offers unlimited abilities for an interpretation of shaping and spatial models. The conception “Worn Dresses” is a combination of two basic creational ideas. The first one is a synthesis of the subject matter content and the architectonics of visual objects viewed by a precise combination of practical and real social dimensions. The second one aims to create a united literary image of the exhibition, which itself without any negative context, translates the item “absence” as a condition of the dualistic character of Nature. In ability to realize the sensible insight which generates “absence” and “presence” as aims to affirm not just the physical essence of a human, but the humanity in the artistic fact. The experiment is an original shaping solution, an aspect of spatial relationships and author’s intrusion in between the intersection of a piece of art and audience.


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-292
Author(s):  
Terry L. Rizzo

The Principals’ Attitude toward Physical Education ( PAPE) survey was used to assess public principals’ intention to promote physical education (PE). Principals ( n = 106) from randomly selected middle and high school schools in California completed the PAPE. Results indicated favorable attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and normative beliefs were associated with promoting PE. Middle school principals are more likely to promote PE than high school principals, especially if they promoted PE in the past. Principals who reported higher perceived competence along with positive professional and personal experiences with PE indicated they would likely promote this subject-matter content in their school.


2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 00043
Author(s):  
Mardiki Supriadi

There are two main approaches to using media in schools: students can learn "from" Media and technology, and they can learn "with" media and technology. The basis for The use of media and technology as a "tutor" in schools is "educational communication," that is the deliberate act of communicating content (teaching content) for students by assuming that they will learn something "from" this communication, so communication is not again free but controlled and conditioned for educational purposes. Findings on the impact of technologybased instruction in education can be concluded that technology as a tutor has a positive effect on learning, one of them is the student can complete a set of educational goals in less time than necessary in a traditional approach. However, these two approaches only make the task become easier but do not activate and facilitate them to think critical and higher learning. “Media Genit” uses a new approach as an approach that can optimize perspective-based cognitive processes, constructivism, which constitutes an environment in which the student as a designer thinks creative about content combined with real-world tasks, student learning content, enjoy the learning process, and recognize that they have created something that is valuable.


2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1839-1843
Author(s):  
Wen Hui Wang ◽  
Xin Sheng Zou

College English Curriculum (2004) (CE Curriculum hereafter) is issued by China’s Ministry of Education. As a top-down document, it acts as a guide for colleges and universities nation-wide to formulate a school-based curriculum in the light of their specific circumstances. Compared with the previous counterparts, it is a more balanced and democratic national curriculum. Although the present curriculum is for trial implementation, the course rationale is sound and the curriculum is of greater flexibility.


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