scholarly journals Effect of two types of cross training protocols on body composition and physical fitness of young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto ◽  
Ezequias Pereira Neto ◽  
Leandro Henrique Albuquerque Brandão ◽  
Leury Max Da Silva Chaves ◽  
Marcos Bezerra De Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cross Training ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
Training Protocols

Introduction: Modifications in body composition parameters are considered health risk factors. Thus, exercise programs such as Cross Training emerge as an alternative to reduce health risk factors, especially the body composition of practitioners. Aim: To compare the adaptations from 10 weeks of Cross Training performed in a grouped and alternated manner on body composition and physical fitness of active young people. Methods: Sixty adults underwent ten weeks of two Cross Training programs, organized in grouped circuit (CTG: n=26; age 26,00 ± 7,00 y; body mass 67,90 ± 10,90 kg; BMI 24,30 ± 3,10 kg/cm2) and alternated (CTA: n=29; age 27,00 ± 8,00 y; body mass 69,00 ± 10,50 kg; BMI 25,00 ± 3,60). Before and after the intervention period, the subjects were evaluated on body composition and physical fitness parameters. Body and adipose mass were evaluated by bioelectrical analyzer (bioimpedance). Verification of physical fitness was performed using isometric deadlift, handgrip test and yoyo intermittent recovery test-IR2. Analysis of variance (2x2 ANOVA) with repeated measures, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare means and detect differences between protocols, adopting p≤0.05 for statistical significance. Percentage change and effect size were also calculated for each dependent variable. Results: After the intervention period both training protocols presented statistically significant difference in relation to time in body composition parameters (muscle mass: p≤0,001 and fat mass: p≤0,001) and cardiorespiratory fitness (p≤0,01). Regarding the maximum isometric force, the CTG showed a significant difference when compared to the initial moment (Handgrip: p=0,02; Deadlift: p=0,03), a fact observed in the CTA group deadlift (p=0,05) only, (Handgrip: p=0,08). When confronted with each other, the groups showed no statistically significant difference in any comparison. Conclusion: Both training protocols were effective for improving body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in young adults.Keywords: exercise, anthropometry, resistance training.

scholarly journals Relationship between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Body Composition with Physical Fitness Parameters in a Young Active Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Manzano-Carrasco ◽  
Jose Luis Felipe ◽  
Javier Sanchez-Sanchez ◽  
Antonio Hernandez-Martin ◽  
Ivan Clavel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
The Mediterranean

The current study aimed at analyzing the relationship between body composition, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), and physical fitness (PF) in a young active population. A total of 1198 athletes (boys = 875; girls = 323) enrolled in different municipal sports schools participated in this study. Data on adherence to the MD (KIDMED questionnaire), anthropometric measurements, and PF (20 m shuttle run test, handgrip strength, vertical jump and forced spirometry) were collected. Results show that the pubertal boys had a higher score in the KIDMED test than the prepubertal ones (+0.38, p = 0.28). Moreover, boys with better adherence to the MD had significantly higher results in handgrip strength (+12.20 regarding low MD group and +9.13 regarding medium MD group, p < 0.05), as well as in forced vital capacity (FVC) (+0.66 regarding low MD group and 0.29 regarding medium MD group, p < 0.05). No differences were found in the girls. Finally, the result of the KIDMED test is a variable with a positive and significant relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness, along with the FVC, percentage of fat mass, and performance in the vertical jump (p < 0.05). It is concluded that adherence to the MD could show a relationship with various PF variables in boys and could be a predictor of cardiorespiratory fitness in both cases.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Resistance Training Frequencies on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Handgrip Strength in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Francesco Campa ◽  
Pasqualino Maietta Latessa ◽  
Gianpiero Greco ◽  
Mario Mauro ◽  
Paolo Mazzuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Training Frequency ◽  
Weekly Frequency

Background: Resistance training improves health in obese and overweight people. However, it is not clear what is the optimal weekly resistance training frequency and the most efficacious training protocol on body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, and handgrip strength (HS). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a supervised structured 24 week resistance training program on obese and overweight women. Methods: Forty-five women (BMI 37.1 ± 6.3 kg/m2; age 56.5 ± 0.7 years) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: A group with a high weekly training frequency of three times a week (HIGH) and a group that performed it only once a week (LOW). Cardiometabolic risk factors, anthropometric and HS measures were taken before and after the intervention period. Results: A significant (p < 0.05) group by time interaction was observed for body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, homeostatic model assessment, and for dominant and absolute HS. Additionally, only the HIGH group saw increased HS and decreased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol after the intervention period (p < 0.05). The observed increase in HS was associated with an improved insulin resistance sensitivity (absolute handgrip strength: r = −0.40, p = 0.007; relative handgrip strength: r = −0.47, p = 0.001) after training, which constitutes an essential element for cardiovascular health. Conclusions: The results suggest that high weekly frequency training give greater benefits for weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors improvement than a training program with a training session of once a week. Furthermore, the improvement of HS can be achieved with a high weekly frequency training.

scholarly journals The effects of Pilates vs. aerobic training on cardiorespiratory fitness, isokinetic muscular strength, body composition, and functional tasks outcomes for individuals who are overweight/obese: a clinical trial

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeles Bonal Rosell Rayes ◽  
Claudio Andre B. de Lira ◽  
Ricardo B. Viana ◽  
Ana A. Benedito-Silva ◽  
Rodrigo L. Vancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intervention Protocol ◽  
Trunk Extensor

Background Some studies have been conducted to verify the effects of Pilates for individuals who are obese, but conclusive results are not yet available due to methodological concerns. The present study aims to verify and compare the effects of Pilates and aerobic training on cardiorespiratory fitness, isokinetic muscular strength, body composition, and functional task outcomes for individuals who are overweight/obese. Methods Of the sixty participants, seventeen were allocated to the control group, since the intervention protocol (Pilates or walking sessions) was during their working hours. The remaining 44 participants were randomly allocated to one of two experimental groups (Pilates (n = 22)) or aerobic groups (n = 21).The Pilates and aerobic groups attended 60-min exercise sessions, three times per week for 8 weeks. The aerobic group performed walking training at a heart rate corresponding to the ventilatory threshold. The Pilates group performed exercises on the floor, resistance apparatus, and 1-kg dumbbells. The control group received no intervention. All volunteers were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention. The following assessments were conducted: food intake, cardiorespiratory maximal treadmill test, isokinetic strength testing, body composition and anthropometry, abdominal endurance test, trunk extensor endurance test, flexibility test and functional (stair and chair) tests. Results There was no significant difference pre- and post-intervention in calorie intake [F(2, 57) = 0.02744, p = 0.97)]. A significant improvement in oxygen uptake at ventilatory threshold (p = 0.001; d = 0.60), respiratory compensation point (p = 0.01; d = 0.48), and maximum effort (p = 0.01; d = 0.33) was observed only in the Pilates group. Isokinetic peak torque for knee flexor and extensor muscles did not change for any groups. Lean mass (p = 0.0005; d = 0.19) and fat mass (p = 0.0001; d = 0.19) improved only in the Pilates group. Waist and hip circumference measurements decreased similarly in both experimental groups. Abdominal test performance improved more in the Pilates group (p = 0.0001; d = 1.69) than in the aerobic group (p = 0.003; d = 0.95). Trunk extensor endurance and flexibility improved only in the Pilates group (p = 0.0003; d = 0.80 and p = 0.0001; d = 0.41, respectively). The Pilates group showed greater improvement on the chair and stair tests (p = 0.0001; d = 1.48 and p = 0.003; d = 0.78, respectively) than the aerobic group (p = 0.005; d = 0.75 and p = 0.05; d = 0.41, respectively). Conclusion Pilates can be used as an alternative physical training method for individuals who are overweight or obese since it promotes significant effects in cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and performance on functional tests.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude toward health and CVD risk factors among firefighters in Cape Town, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaron Ras ◽  
Duncan Mosie ◽  
Matthew Strauss ◽  
Lloyd Leach
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Firefighting is a hazardous occupation, and the firefighters’ fitness for duty is affected by their knowledge of and attitudes toward their health and their relationship in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude toward health and CVD risk factors among firefighters in South Africa.Design and Methods: The study used a cross-sectional research design. A sample of 110 firefighters, males and females, aged 18 to 65 years were conveniently sampled from the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Service. A researcher-generated self-administered questionnaire was completed online to obtain data from firefighters. A p-value of less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance.Results: The results showed that 52.8% of firefighters had a poor knowledge of health, and 47.2% had a good knowledge of health, while 10% reported a negative attitude towards health and 90.0% had a positive attitude towards health. There was a significant difference between firefighters’ knowledge of health and their attitudes toward health (p<0.05), particularly related to marital status, age, years of experience and in those with CVD risk factors (p<0.05). Significant correlations were found between knowledge of CVD and knowledge of health-risk behaviors (p<0.05).Conclusion: Significant differences in health knowledge and attitudes toward health were present in married, aged and hypertensive firefighters. Overall health knowledge and health-risk behaviours were significant predictors of attitudes toward health.

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