scholarly journals Repeated use of high risk nesting areas in the European whip snake, Hierophis viridiflavus

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Xavier Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
Nest Site Fidelity ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Whip Snake

Oviparous snakes deposit their egg clutches in sites sheltered from predation and from strong thermal and hydric fluctuations. Appropriate laying sites with optimum thermal and hydric conditions are generally scarce and are not necessarily localised in the home range. Thus, many gravid females undertake extensive trips for oviposition, and many may converge at the best egg laying sites. Dispersal mortality of neonates post-hatchling is also a critical factor. Assessing the parameters involved in this intergenerational trade-off is difficult however, and no study has succeeded in embracing all of them. Here we report data indicating that gravid females of the highly mobile European whip snake, Hierophis viridiflavus exhibit nest site fidelity whereby they repeatedly deposit their eggs in cavities under sealed roads over many decades. These anthropogenic structures provide benefits of relative safety and suitable incubation conditions (due to the protective asphalted layer?), but they expose both females and neonates to high risk of road mortality. Artificial laying sites constructed at appropriate distances from busy roads, along with artificial continuous well protected pathways (e.g. dense hedges) that connect risky laying sites to safer areas, should be constructed.

scholarly journals Social modulation of oogenesis and egg-laying in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bailly Tiphaine ◽  
Philip Kohlmeier ◽  
Rampal Etienne ◽  
Bregje Wertheim ◽  
Jean-Christophe Billeter
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Gravid Females

Being part of a group facilitates cooperation between group members, but also creates competition for limited resources. This conundrum is problematic for gravid females who benefit from being in a group, but whose future offspring may struggle for access to nutrition in larger groups. Females should thus modulate their reproductive output depending on their social context. Although social-context dependent modulation of reproduction is documented in a broad range of species, its underlying mechanisms and functions are poorly understood. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, females actively attract conspecifics to lay eggs on the same resources, generating groups in which individuals may cooperate or compete. The tractability of the genetics of this species allows dissecting the mechanisms underlying physiological adaptation to their social context. Here, we show that females produce eggs increasingly faster as group size increases. By laying eggs faster in group than alone, females appear to reduce competition between offspring and increase their likelihood of survival. In addition, females in a group lay their eggs during the light phase of the day, while isolated females lay them during the night. We show that responses to the presence of others are determined by vision through the motion detection pathway and that flies from any sex, mating status or species can trigger these responses. The mechanisms of this modulation of egg-laying by group is connected to a lifting of the inhibition of light on oogenesis and egg-laying by stimulating hormonal pathways involving juvenile hormone. Because modulation of reproduction by social context is a hallmark of animals with higher levels of sociality, our findings represent a protosocial mechanism in a species considered solitary that may have been the target of selection for the evolution of more complex social systems.

scholarly journals The influence of acetamiprid and deltamethrin on the mortality and behaviour of honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica Pollman) in oilseed rape cultivations

Apidologie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1154
Author(s):  
Daria Dworzańska ◽  
Graham Moores ◽  
Joanna Zamojska ◽  
Przemysław Strażyński ◽  
Paweł Węgorek
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Apis Mellifera Carnica ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Bee Colonies

AbstractThe aim of the research was to determine the influence of acetamiprid and deltamethrin on the mortality and behaviour of honeybees of the same variety, coming from the same source and estimated to be in good condition by a professional beekeeper, but in different years and under different weather conditions. Results of research conducted in field isolators in oilseed rape fields in the years 2012–2018 showed no acetamiprid influence either on the mortality or on the behaviour of honeybees. Deltamethrin activity differed from a lack of influence through causing mortality and a weaker condition of honeybee colonies to the destruction of the colony. This demonstrates the relative safety of acetamiprid to honeybees and the high risk of deltamethrin use. The differences in the bee colonies’ reaction to deltamethrin are probably caused by the high acute toxicity of this active ingredient, genetically dependent, variable metabolic capabilities of particular bee colonies, or coexistence of a variety of different stressors—mainly pathogens.

A phase III randomized study of adjuvant ipilimumab (3 or 10 mg/kg) versus high-dose interferon alfa-2b for resected high-risk melanoma (U.S. Intergroup E1609): Preliminary safety and efficacy of the ipilimumab arms.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9500-9500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. Tarhini ◽  
Sandra J. Lee ◽  
F. Stephen Hodi ◽  
Uma N. M. Rao ◽  
Gary I Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Interferon Alfa ◽  
Regulatory Approval ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
High Risk Melanoma ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Risk Melanoma ◽  
High Dose Interferon

9500 Background: In the U.S., 3 regimens have regulatory approval as adjuvant therapy for high-risk melanoma, including high-dose interferon-alfa (HDI) and ipilimumab 10 mg/kg (ipi10). Ipilimumab 3 mg/kg (ipi3) has regulatory approval for metastatic inoperable melanoma. The toxicity of ipi is dose- dependent, and following the recent approval of adjuvant ipi10, it has become urgent to evaluate the relative safety and efficacy of adjuvant ipi at the 2 dose levels that have been tested in E1609. Methods: E1609 randomized patients (pts) with resected high-risk melanoma (stratified by stages IIIB, IIIC, M1a, M1b) to ipi10 or ipi3 versus HDI. Co-primary endpoints were RFS and OS. The current analysis investigates the relative safety and preliminary, non-comparative RFS of the ipi arms as of 3/2/17. Results: E1609 was activated on 5/25/11 and completed adult pt accrual on 8/15/14. Accrual to ipi10 was suspended due to toxicity between 9/23-11/16/2013. Final adult pt accrual was 1670 including 511 ipi10, 636 HDI and 523 ipi3 pts. Treatment related adverse events (AEs) were reported among 503 ipi10 and 516 ipi3 pts. Worst degree (Gr 3+) AEs were experienced by 57% ipi10 and 36.4% ipi3 pts and were mostly immune related (Table 1). AEs led to discontinuation of treatment in 271 (53.8 %) of 503 ipi10 and in 180 (35.2 %) of 512 ipi3 pts during the initial 4 dose induction phase. Gr5 AEs considered at least possibly related were 8 with ipi10 and 2 with ipi3. At a median follow-up of 3.1 years, an unplanned RFS analysis of ipi3 and ipi10 on concurrently randomized pts showed no difference between the 2 arms. Three-year RFS rate was 54% (95% CI: 49, 60) with ipi10 and 56% (50, 61) with ipi3. Conclusions: Adjuvant therapy of pts with high-risk melanoma is associated with significantly more toxicity at ipi10 compared to ipi3. An unplanned RFS analysis of concurrently randomized pts on the 2 ipi arms showed no difference in RFS. Clinical trial information: NCT01274338. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Breeding behaviour and productivity of Black-necked crane (Grus nigricolis) in Ladakh, Indian Trans-Himalaya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Chandan ◽  
Tanveer Ahmed ◽  
Afifullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nest Site Fidelity ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Grus Nigricollis ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Late Evening ◽  
Increment Rate

AbstractA long-term study was conducted to understand some aspects of breeding biology of Black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) in Changthang, Ladakh. Data on aspects such as the breeding season, courtship, mating, egg laying and incubation period, nest site fidelity, egg morphometry, breeding productivity and recruitment rate were collected between 2003 and 2012. Black-necked crane started arriving from last week of March to first half of April and showed fidelity at ten nesting sites. Courtship and mating peaked early morning (0700 hours), around noon (1100 hours) and in late evening (0600 hours) while the nest building at evening (1600 hours). The egg laying period initiated in May and extended up to July. The average incubation period was 33.88±0.3 days. Hatching success, nest survival rate and fledgling increment rate of the bird were 73.3%, 0.55 ± 0.03 and 0.41 ± 0.02 respectively with an overall breeding productivity of 0.73. The present population of Black-necked crane in Changthang, Ladakh seems to stable with an average recruitment rate of 15.7±1.4.

scholarly journals Raising employment and quality of life among people with disadvantages – results of a Hungarian project

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémi Meisznerné Kuklek ◽  
Máté Cséplő ◽  
Eszter Pozsonyi ◽  
Henriette Pusztafalvi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Labor Market Programs

Abstract Background People with disadvantages are a high-risk group of unemployment or underemployment. Disadvantages include disability, under-education, or being a member of a minority, etc. Effective labor market programs could be a key in raising employment and quality of life among this high-risk group of society. The TOP 6.8.2.-15-NA1 project is one of the main Hungarian labor market programs. The project’s primary aims are increasing the employability of disadvantaged unemployed and supporting the efficiency of job-seeking. Methods Our goal was to analyze the effects and methodology of the TOP 6.8.2.-15-NA1 project in Hungary. The sample of our study contains participants of the project (n = 300), based in Zala County, Hungary. Results After 28 days, 53.3% of participants had a job. At the 180th day status, the rate of employed people was 47.3%. We could identify low-educated participants and older participants as higher-risk groups of long-term unemployment. Conclusions We emphasize the role of these services (job-seeking clubs, organization of job fairs, and mentorship) in the long-term individual success of participants. Improving the employment rate for people with disadvantages is a critical factor for enhancing the quality of life for individuals with disadvantages.

Haemostasis management of massive bleeding

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ivaskevicius ◽  
B. Pötzsch
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Massive Bleeding ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Emergency Room Patients ◽  
Injured Patients

SummaryTrauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is a frequent complication of severely injured patients. The etiology of TIC is complex. Contributing factors include overwhelming generation of thrombin and activated protein C, consumption of coagulation factors and platelets, hyperfibrinolysis, and dilution of clotting factors through administration of fluids. In addition, hypothermia and shock-associated metabolic acidosis augment the clotting dysfunctions. The occurrence of TIC has been shown to be an independent risk factor for death after trauma warranting aggressive treatment. On admission to the emergency room patients with massive blood loss should be employed on basis of clinical and diagnostic variables to identify patients at high risk of coagulopathy. Patients at high risk should be treated with tranexamic acid (1 g bolus followed by 1 g/8 h), and critical factor and platelet deficiencies should be corrected by transfusion of factor concentrates and platelet concentrates. In addition, plasma should be administered in a 1 : 1 ratio with red cells. The use of recombinant factor VIIa should be considered if major bleeding persists despite best-practive use of blood products.

Orientation and homing behavior as a measure of affinity for the home range in two species of Iguanid lizards

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Guyer
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Homing Behavior ◽  
Sceloporus Graciosus ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Natural Means

AbstractThe relationship between home range affinity and homing ability was studied in Phrynosoma douglassi and Sceloporus graciosus in southeastern Idaho. Movement patterns for P. douglassi were typical of an animal moving from one site of activity to other sites, whereas S. graciosus movements were typical of an animal using a single site of activity. Only S. graciosus was able to orient towards the home range when displaced, indicating an affinity for this site. Adult S. graciosus oriented and homed more consistently than did juveniles. P. douglassi did not orient homeward when displaced and returned less frequently than did S. graciosus. Recapture locations along with data regarding homeward orientation and homing indicate that P. douglassi has a lesser affinity than does S. graciosus for the home range. Some gravid females of both species left the home range to deposit eggs or young and later returned. Use of areas outside the home range for egg-laying and birthing and movements out of the home range resulting from chases by predators may represent natural means of displacement that select for homing behavior. Because most lizards experience only short displacements during their life histories, long distance homing reported for snakes, turtles, and salamanders is absent.

scholarly journals Raising Employment and Mental Well-being Among People With Disadvantages – Results of a Hungarian Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Meisznerne Kuklek ◽  
Máté Cséplő ◽  
Eszter Pozsonyi ◽  
Henriette Pusztafalvi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Labor Market Programs

Abstract Background: People with disadvantages are a high-risk group of unemployment or underemployment. Disadvantages include disability, under-education, being a single parent or a member of a minority, etc. Effective labor market programs could be a key in raising employment and quality of life among this high-risk group of the society. The TOP 6.8.2.-15-NA1 project is one of the main Hungarian labor market programs. Methods: The project’s primary aims are increasing the employability of disadvantaged unemployed and supporting the efficiency of job-seeking. The sample of our study contains participants of the project (n=300), based in Zala County, Hungary. Results: We could identify low educated participants and older participants as higher risk groups of long-term unemployment. Conclusions: We emphasize the role of these services in the long-term individual success of participants. Improving the employment rate for people with disadvantages is a critical factor for enhancing the quality of life for individuals with disadvantages.

scholarly journals Behavioural and antennal responses of Aedes aegypti (l.) (Diptera: Culicidae) gravid females to chemical cues from conspecific larvae

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247657
Author(s):  
Antoine Boullis ◽  
Margaux Mulatier ◽  
Christelle Delannay ◽  
Lyza Héry ◽  
François Verheggen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Isovaleric Acid ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Pentadecanoic Acid ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Antennal Response ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
Gravid Females

Mass trapping of gravid females represents one promising strategy for the development of sustainable tools against Aedes aegypti. However, this technique requires the development of effective odorant lures that can compete with natural breeding sites. The presence of conspecific larvae has been shown to stimulate oviposition. Hence, we evaluated the role of four major molecules previously identified from Ae. aegypti larvae (isovaleric, myristoleic, myristic [i.e. tetradecanoic], and pentadecanoic acids) on the oviposition of conspecific females, as well as their olfactory perception to evaluate their range of detection. Using flight cage assays, the preference of gravid females to oviposit in water that previously contained larvae (LHW) or containing the four larval compounds was evaluated. Then, compounds and doses inducing the highest stimulation were challenged for their efficacy against LHW. Only isovaleric acid elicited antennal response, suggesting that the other compounds may act as taste cues. Pentadecanoic acid induced significant oviposition stimulation, especially when dosed at 10 ppm. Myristoleic acid and isovaleric acid deterred oviposition at 10 and 100 ppm, while no effect on oviposition was observed with myristic acid irrespectively of the dose tested. When the four compounds were pooled to mimic larvae’s chemical signature, they favored oviposition at 1 ppm but negatively affected egg-laying at higher concentrations. When properly dosed, pentadecanoic acid and the blend of compounds may be promising lures for ovitraps as they could compete with LHW. Due to their low volatility, their effect should be further evaluated under field conditions, in addition with long-range attractants for developing effective tools against gravid females.

scholarly journals THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Antithyroid drug use in early pregnancy and birth defects: time windows of relative safety and high risk?

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. R13-R20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Laurberg ◽  
Stine Linding Andersen
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Major Period ◽  
Number Of Publications

BackgroundAntithyroid drugs (ATDs) may have teratogenic effects when used in early pregnancy.ObjectiveTo review the association between the time period of ATD exposure in early pregnancy and the development of birth defects.MethodsWe identified publications on birth defects after early pregnancy exposure to the ATDs methimazole (MMI; and its prodrug carbimazole (CMZ)) and propylthiouracil (PTU). Cases of birth defects after ATD treatment had been initiated or terminated within the first 10 weeks of pregnancy were identified and studied in detail.ResultsA total of 92 publications were read in detail. Two recent large controlled studies showed ATD-associated birth defects in 2–3% of exposed children, and MMI/CMZ-associated defects were often severe. Out of the total number of publications, 17 included cases of birth defects with early pregnancy stop/start of ATD treatment, and these cases suggested that the high risk was confined to gestational weeks 6–10, which is the major period of organogenesis. Thus, the cases reported suggest that the risk of birth defects could be minimized if pregnant women terminate ATD intake before gestational week 6.ConclusionBoth MMI and PTU use in early pregnancy may lead to birth defects in 2–3% of the exposed children. MMI-associated defects are often severe. Proposals are given on how to minimize the risk of birth defects in fertile women treated for hyperthyroidism with ATDs.

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