scholarly journals Fabrication of High Flux Polysulfone/Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposite Ultrafiltration Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 7556-7572
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Stage Conversion ◽  
Dye Rejection ◽  
Scanning Electron

The inclusion of nanosphere particles like mesoporous silica MSNS~500(nm) inside the membrane substance matrix substantially enhanced water permeability and dye rejection. The dry/wet stage conversion method was employed for fabricating all membranes. The influence of different concentrations for MSNS (0–8% wt.%) in the existence of povidone (PVP) acting in the role of pore-forming on the behavior of the PSF-UF membrane was investigated. Results revealed that as soon as MSNS level grew up till 6 wt. percent, the rejection of Methylene blue (MB) dye gradually increased. The morphological properties of UF-produced membranes PS/PVP/SiO2 were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. They demonstrated a considerable degree of MB rejection of 84.7 percent, as well as an increase in MSNS concentration to 6 wt. percent. Besides, as the MSNS concentration raised to 6 wt.%, the membrane's permeability dropped from 429.2 L/m2.h for PS/PVP to 136 L/m2.h for PS/PVP/SiO2 (6%) membrane. Only water was permitted to pass across the hydrophilic UF fabricated membrane on the feed side, improving the quality of the water stream on permeate portion, making the fabricated membranes appropriate for industrial treatment of wastewater. The addendum of the polyvinylpyrrolidone acting as an additive to the investigated membranes enhanced their efficiency.

scholarly journals A method for sizing submicrometer particles in air collected on formvar films and imaged by scanning electron microscope

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 5401-5446
Author(s):  
E. Hamacher-Barth ◽  
K. Jansson ◽  
C. Leck
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Polystyrene Nanospheres ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Particle Sizer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract. Here we present a method to systematically investigate single aerosol particles collected on formvar film supported by a copper grid, with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) operating at low accelerating voltage. The method enabled us to observe the surface of the sample grid at high resolution. Subsequent processing of the images with digital image analysis provided a statistically and quantitative size resolved information on the particle population including their morphology on the film. The quality of the presented method was established using polystyrene nanospheres as standards in the size range expected for ambient aerosol particles over remote marine areas (20–900 nm in diameter). The sizing was found to be critically dependent on the contrasting properties of the particles towards the collection substrate. The relative standard deviation of the diameters of polystyrene nanospheres was better than 10% for sizes larger than 40 nm and 18% for 21 nm particles compared with the manufacturer's certificate. The size distributions derived from the microscope images of airborne aerosols collected during a research expedition to north of 80° N in the summer of 2008 were compared with simultaneously collected number particle size distributions seen by a Twin Differential Mobility Particle Sizer. We captured a representative fraction of the aerosol particles with SEM and were able to causally relate the determined morphological properties of the aerosol under investigation to aerosol transformation processes in air being advected from the marginal ice edge/open sea south of 80° N.

Observability of Very Thick Specimen by Using Transmission Scanning Electron Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
K. Shibatomi ◽  
T. Yamanoto ◽  
H. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Thick Specimen ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the observation of a thick specimen by means of a transmission electron microscope, the intensity of electrons passing through the objective lens aperture is greatly reduced. So that the image is almost invisible. In addition to this fact, it have been reported that a chromatic aberration causes the deterioration of the image contrast rather than that of the resolution. The scanning electron microscope is, however, capable of electrically amplifying the signal of the decreasing intensity, and also free from a chromatic aberration so that the deterioration of the image contrast due to the aberration can be prevented. The electrical improvement of the image quality can be carried out by using the fascionating features of the SEM, that is, the amplification of a weak in-put signal forming the image and the descriminating action of the heigh level signal of the background. This paper reports some of the experimental results about the thickness dependence of the observability and quality of the image in the case of the transmission SEM.

Scanning Electron Microscopy in Hybrid Microelectronics

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
S. Khadpe ◽  
R. Faryniak
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Hybrid Microcircuit ◽  
Electrical Connections ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is an important tool in Thick Film Hybrid Microcircuits Manufacturing because of its large depth of focus and three dimensional capability. This paper discusses some of the important areas in which the SEM is used to monitor process control and component failure modes during the various stages of manufacture of a typical hybrid microcircuit.Figure 1 shows a thick film hybrid microcircuit used in a Motorola Paging Receiver. The circuit consists of thick film resistors and conductors screened and fired on a ceramic (aluminum oxide) substrate. Two integrated circuit dice are bonded to the conductors by means of conductive epoxy and electrical connections from each integrated circuit to the substrate are made by ultrasonically bonding 1 mil aluminum wires from the die pads to appropriate conductor pads on the substrate. In addition to the integrated circuits and the resistors, the circuit includes seven chip capacitors soldered onto the substrate. Some of the important considerations involved in the selection and reliability aspects of the hybrid circuit components are: (a) the quality of the substrate; (b) the surface structure of the thick film conductors; (c) the metallization characteristics of the integrated circuit; and (d) the quality of the wire bond interconnections.

The use of scanning electron microscopy in interpreting chenopodium remains from three archaeological sites in northwestern Iowa

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1112-1113
Author(s):  
Douglas William Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Chenopodium Berlandieri ◽  
Seed Identification ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Scanning Electron

Within the past 20 years, archaeobotanical research in the Eastern United States has documented an early agricultural complex before the dominance of the Mesoamerican domesticates (corn, beans, and squash) in late prehistoric and historic agricultural systems. This early agricultural complex consisted of domesticated plants such as Iva annua var.macrocarpa (Sumpweed or Marshelder), Hellanthus annuus (Sunflower) and Chenopodium berlandieri, (Goosefoot or Lasbsquarters), and heavily utilized plants such as Polygonum erectum (Erect Knotweed), Phalaris caroliniana (May grass), and Hordeum pusillum (Little Barley).Recent research involving the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) specifically on Chenopodium has established diagnostic traits of wild and domesticated species seeds. This is important because carbonized or uncarbonized seeds are the most commonly recovered Chenopodium material from archaeological sites. The diagnostic seed traits assist archaeobotanists in identification of Chenopodium remains and provide a basis for evaluation of Chenopodium utilization in a culture's subsistence patterns. With the aid of SEM, an analysis of Chenopodium remains from three Late Prehistoric sites in Northwest Iowa (Blood Run [Oneota culture], Brewster [Mill Creek culture], and Chan-Ya-Ta [Mill Creek culture]) has been conducted to: 1) attempt seed identification to a species level, 2) evaluate the traits of the seeds for classification as either wild or domesticated, and 3) evaluate the role of Chenopodium utilization in both the Oneota and Mill Creek cultures.

Cognitive Health Counseling 40+

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Eschen ◽  
Franzisca Zehnder ◽  
Mike Martin
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Main Outcome Variable ◽  
Further Development

This article introduces Cognitive Health Counseling 40+ (CH.CO40+), an individualized intervention that is conceptually based on the orchestration model of quality-of-life management ( Martin & Kliegel, 2010 ) and aims at improving satisfaction with cognitive health in adults aged 40 years and older. We describe the theoretically deduced characteristics of CH.CO40+, its target group, its multifactorial nature, its individualization, the application of subjective and objective measures, the role of participants as agents of change, and the rationale for choosing participants’ satisfaction with their cognitive health as main outcome variable. A pilot phase with 15 middle-aged and six older adults suggests that CH.CO40+ attracts, and may be particularly suitable for, subjective memory complainers. Implications of the pilot data for the further development of the intervention are discussed.

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