scholarly journals Usage of Biomass-based Carbon Materials as Lubricant Additive: Effects on Rheological and Tribological Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2861-2868
Keyword(s):  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Conversion Unit ◽  
Lubrication Characteristics

Lubricating oils are thick and sticky fluids used for greasing moving parts of machines and engines. This paper expresses key advances in surface engineering and the use of biomass materials as lubricant additives. In order to enhance the lubrication characteristics of base oil, the biochar lubricant additives were successfully prepared. The tribological behaviors of biochar (biomass and hybrid) lubricant additives in two types of base oils (SN500 and SN900) were evaluated. In the current study, biomass-based carbon materials (biochar and hybrid) from a thermochemical conversion unit were employed as a lubricant additive. The rheological and tribological behavior of the base oil modified with biochar additives were experimentally determined. Surface analyses via SEM confirmed the surface enhancement of the worn exterior plane via the effect produced by the biochar additives. It was also observed that the biomass biochar using SN900 improved the kinematic viscosities of the base oil more than the hybrid biochar. This may be attributed to the chars' fundamental composition, which makes the fluid’s internal resistance flow under gravitational force. With SN500, the viscosity index improves with the biochar from 106 to108 but is reduced for SN900 from 102 to 97.09.

Based on the PB Neural Network of Optimization Design in Lubricant Additives

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 218-222
Author(s):  
Zhuo Jun Chen ◽  
Long Long Feng
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Mass Percent ◽  
Forecast Precision ◽  
Lubricant Formulation ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
P Type

This article use the Sulphide Isobutene, Five Sulfides Dialkyl, and Star of Phosphorus as the additives, Neopentyl Polyol Ester (NPE) as base oil for screening lubricant formulation. The purpose of this article is screening the lubricant additives formula. Apply the BP neural network method in optimization design. Through the optimization of lubricant additive formula select the best formula for experiment. The selected best formula is Sulphide Isobutene 0.8%(mass percent), Five Sulfides Dialkyl 1.2%(mass percent) , Star of Phosphorus 1.6%(mass percent), relative error is 0.089.After validation experiment，it is conclusion that S-type blends with P-type additive use will acquire good result, and the method of optimal convergence faster, the forecast precision test is satisfied.

scholarly journals Preparation of TiO2/Ti3C2Tx hybrid nanocomposites and their tribological properties as base oil lubricant additives

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 4312-4319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maoquan Xue ◽  
Zhiping Wang ◽  
Feng Yuan ◽  
Xianghua Zhang ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Base Oil

TiO2/Ti3C2Tx hybrid nanocomposites were successfully prepared by a liquid phase synthesis technology. The hybrid nanocomposites improve the tribological properties of base oil by mending the surface and formation a uniform tribofilm on the surface.

Experimental Study on the Tribological Characteristics of Nanometer WS2 Lubricating Oil Additive Based on Engine Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Bin Chen ◽  
Da Heng Mao ◽  
Chen Shi ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Contrast Study ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Grinding Conditions ◽  
Lubricating Oil Additive ◽  
Great Wall ◽  
Better Than

Nano-WS2(tungsten disulfide nanoparticles)lubricating oil additive, prepared by the nanometer WS2particulates and semi-synthetic engine base oil as raw materials, was added into Great Wall engine oil with different mass ratio. With a contrast study on these oil samples, the results show that it can improve the extreme pressure, antiwear and viscosity-temperature properties of the engine oil effectively by adding a certain amount of nano-WS2additive, and the optimal concentration is 2wt%. The oil film strength, sintering load and viscosity index of this lubricating oil is respectively 1.35 times, 1.58 times and 1.05 times as that of Great Wall engine oil. In addition, when tested under the grinding conditions of 392 N, 1450 r /min and 30 min, the diameter of worn spot reduces 0.018mm, and the average friction coefficients of friction pairs decrease 16.3%, both of which are lubricated by the oil containing nano-WS2additive. Meanwhile, the experiments testify that the tribological and viscosity-temperature properties of the nano-WS2additive are better than that of the Henkel MoS2additive.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Influence of Different Types of Polymers on Viscosity Index and Pour Point of Iraqi Base Oils

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Rusul F. Abdul-saheb ◽  
Muhanned A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Carrier Solvent ◽  
Acrylate Polymer ◽  
Commercial Lubricant

In this study, the effects of blending the un-branched acrylate polymer known as Poly (n-decyl acrylate), and the branched acrylate polymer known as Poly (iso-octyl acrylate), on the viscosity index (VI), and the pour point of the Iraqi base stocks 40, and 60 respectively, were investigated. Toluene was used as a carrier solvent for both polymer types. The improvement level of oils (VI, & pour point) gained by blending the oil with the acrylate derived polymers was compared with the values of (VI, and pour point) gained by blending the oil with a commercial viscosity index, and pour point improver. The commercial lubricant additive was purchased and used by Al-Daura Refineries. It consisted of an un-known olefin copolymer dissolved in an un-known carrier solvent. All polyacrylate derivatives and the commercial lubricant additive named HITEC5748 were blended with each type of oil in weight percentage of (2, 4, 6, 8, & 10) wt. %. The result of the study was that the improvement in the viscosity index and the pour point of both base stock types was higher when using the polyacrylate derivatives than when using the commercial olefin copolymer additive.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Viscometric Properties of the Most Reputable Types of Viscosity Index Improvers in Different Lubricant Base Oils: API Groups I, II, and III

Lubricants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Khalafvandi ◽  
Muhammad Ali Pazokian ◽  
Ehsan Fathollahi
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Polymer Molecules ◽  
Base Oils ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Viscosity Index Improvers ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Definition Of

Four commercial viscosity index improvers (VII) have been used to investigate the behavioral differences of these compounds in three types of universally applicable base oils. The used VIIs are structurally three types of co-polymer: ethylene-propylene, star isoprene, and two di-block styrene-isoprene. After dissolving of different amounts of VIIs in different base oils, the kinematic viscosities at two standard temperatures were determined and the intrinsic viscosities were calculated according to Huggins method, then the effects of changes in base oil and polymer type were investigated. Intrinsic viscosities as criteria for polymer molecules sizes were found to be higher at lower temperature than at higher temperature. Dependence of intrinsic viscosity on the polymer molecular weight was observed. In the previous works, one or two types of VIIs were studied in only one type of base oil and/or solvent, not different base oils. Furthermore, different ranges of temperatures and concentrations not necessarily applied ranges were selected, but in this work, common base oils and most commercial VIIs were used and the viscometric properties were compared at two temperatures. Viscosities at these temperatures are used for determining VI and definition of lubricant’s viscosity grades. VI improvement is the main cause of VII usage.

scholarly journals Effect of Ionicity of Three Protic Ionic Liquids as Neat Lubricants and Lubricant Additives to a Biolubricant

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Guo ◽  
Angela Rina Adukure ◽  
Patricia Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Wear Process

Friction and wear of sliding surfaces are responsible for important energy losses and negative environmental effects. The use of environmentally friendly and cost-effective protic ionic liquids as neat lubricants and lubricant additives has the potential to increase the efficiency and durability of mechanical components without increasing the environmental damage. In this work, three halogen-free protic ionic liquids with increasing extent of ionicity, 2-hydroxyethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, 2-hydroxymethylammonium 2-ethylhexancate, and 2-hydroxydimethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, were synthesized and studied as neat lubricants and additives to a biodegradable oil in a steel–steel contact. The results show that the use of any protic ionic liquid as a neat lubricant or lubricant additive reduced friction and wear with respect to the biodegradable oil. The ionic liquid with the lowest ionicity reached the highest wear reduction. The one possessing the highest ionicity presented the poorest friction and wear behaviors as a neat lubricant, probably due to the more ionic nature of this liquid, which promoted tribocorrosion reactions on the steel surface. This ionic liquid performed better as an additive, showing that a small addition of this liquid in a biodegradable oil is enough to form protective layers on steel surfaces. However, it is not enough to accelerate the wear process with detrimental tribocorrosion reactions.

BPNN–QSTR Modeling to Develop Isosteres as Sulfur-Free, Anti-Wear Lubricant Additives

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlei Gao ◽  
Zhan Wang ◽  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Ze Song ◽  
Kang Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Back Propagation Neural Network ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Thiazole Ring ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
Branched Chain

The principle of isosterism was employed to design low- or zero-sulfur anti-wear lubricant additives. Thiobenzothiazole compounds and 2-benzothiazole-S-carboxylic acid esters were employed as templates. Sulfur in the thiazole ring or in the branched chain was exchanged with oxygen, CH2, or an NH group. Similarly, the template's benzimidazole ring was replaced with a quinazolinone group. Quantitative structure tribo-ability relationship (QSTR) models by back propagation neural network (BPNN) method were used to study correlations between additive structures and their anti-wear performance. The features of rubbing pairs with different additives were identified by energy dispersive spectrometer-scanning electron microscope analysis. A wide range of samples showed that sulfur substitution in additive molecules was found to be reasonable and feasible. Combined effects of the anti-wear additive and the base oil were able to improve anti-wear performance.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of CuO-ZnO Nano Additive for Lubricant

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Buddha Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Hira Mani Trital ◽  
Armila Rajbhandari
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Mixed Metal Oxide ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Mixed Metal

A mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) additives has been successfully synthesized in laboratory by co-precipitation technique. The optimum ratio of CuO and ZnO in mixed metal oxide was found to be 1:1. The sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) has been used as surfactant. The obtained material was found to be crystalline having crystalline size of 18 nm. The stretching band in FTIR spectra at around 1072 cm-1 to 750 cm-1 and around 600 cm-1 indicates the presence of Zn-O and Cu-O bonds. As prepared nano-particles have been used as nano additive in base oil to improve physio-chemical parameters of lubricants. The results revealed that the additive blended base oil (lubricant) has shown excellent lubrication properties. The higher kinematic viscosity of 33.0504 and 6.0158 at 40°C and 100°C respectively showed that as prepared additive blended lubricant is of ISO-32 category according to ISO grading system for lubricants. Similarly, viscosity index was found to be improved from 101 to 129. The pour point was found to be significantly decreased from -6°C to -24°C. So it can be used as good pour point depressant and could be used even in the extreme cold environment condition. The flash point was found to be increased from 215°C to 220°C indicating that the prepared mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) acts as flash point enhancer. The copper strip corrosion rating was found to be 1b for additive indicating the non corrosive nature. The absence of moisture and pH around the neutral range 6.18 showed the additive blended lubricant is not harmful for machinery devices.

A Boundary Lubrication Friction Model Sensitive to Detailed Engine Oil Formulation in an Automotive Cam/Follower Interface

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Roshan ◽  
Martin Priest ◽  
Anne Neville ◽  
Ardian Morina ◽  
Xin Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Contact Friction ◽  
Boundary Lubrication Friction ◽  
Base Oil

Theoretical studies have shown that in severe operating conditions, valve train friction losses are significant and have an adverse effect on fuel efficiency. However, recent studies have shown that existing valve train friction models do not reliably predict friction in boundary and mixed lubrication conditions and are not sensitive to lubricant chemistry. In these conditions, the friction losses depend on the tribological performance of tribofilms formed as a result of surface–lubricant additive interactions. In this study, key tribological parameters were extracted from a direct acting tappet type Ford Zetec SE (Sigma) valve train, and controlled experiments were performed in a block-on-ring tribometer under conditions representative of boundary lubrication in a cam and follower contact. Friction was recorded for the tribofilms formed by molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC), zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), detergent (calcium sulfonate), and dispersant (polyisobutylene succinimide) additives in an ester-containing synthetic polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oil on AISI E52100 steel components. A multiple linear regression technique was used to obtain a friction model in boundary lubrication from the friction data taken from the block-on-ring tribometer tests. The model was developed empirically as a function of the ZDDP, MoDTC, detergent, and dispersant concentration in the oil and the temperature and sliding speed. The resulting friction model is sensitive to lubricant chemistry in boundary lubrication. The tribofilm friction model showed sensitivity to the ZDDP–MoDTC, MoDTC–dispersant, MoDTC–speed, ZDDP–temperature, detergent–temperature, and detergent–speed interactions. Friction decreases with an increase in the temperature for all ZDDP/MoDTC ratios, and oils containing detergent and dispersant showed high friction due to antagonistic interactions between MoDTC–detergent and MoDTC–dispersant additive combinations.

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